Pressure Vessel

Components
PV L2 (PV Components)
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Main Components
• The pressure vessels consist of main components that cannot
be fabricated without any of them, they are as following:
shell, heads, nozzles, type of support (differ on vessel type)
 Main Components
1- Shell
• The shell is the primary component that contains the pressure.
Pressure vessels shells are welded together to form a structure
that has a common rotational axis. Most pressure vessel shells
are cylindrical, spherical, or conical in shape.
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Main Components
2- Heads
• All pressure vessels shell must be closed at the ends by heads.
Heads are typically curved rather than flat. Curved
configurations are stronger and allow the heads to be thinner,
lighter, and less expensive than flat heads.
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Main Components
3- Nozzles
• A nozzle is a cylindrical component that penetrates the shell
or heads of a pressure vessel. The nozzle ends are usually
flanged to allow for the necessary connections and to permit
easy disassembly for maintenance or access. Nozzles are used
for the following applications:
• Attach piping for flow into or out of the vessel.
• Attach instrument connections, (e.g., level gauges, thermowells, or
pressure gauges).
• Provide access to the vessel interior at manways.
• Provide for direct attachment of other equipment items, (e.g., a heat
exchanger or mixer).
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Main Components
4- Support
• The type of support that is used depends primarily on the size
and orientation of the pressure vessel. In all cases, the pressure
vessel support must be adequate for the applied loads.
• Saddle Supports: Horizontal drums are typically supported at two
locations by saddle supports.
• Leg Supports: Small vertical drums are typically supported on legs
that are welded to the lower portion of the shell. Support legs are also
typically used for spherical pressurized storage vessels.
• Lug Supports: Lugs that are welded to the pressure vessel shell may
also be used to support vertical pressure vessels.
• Skirt Supports: Tall vertical cylindrical pressure vessels are typically
supported by skirts.
 Main Components
4- Support
• Saddle Support (only for horizontal vessels)
 Main Components
4- Support
• Leg Support (usually for small vertical vessels)
 Main Components
4- Support
• Lug Support (usually for vertical vessels supported on structure)
 Main Components
4- Support
• Skirt Support (usually for vertical tall vessels)
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Vertical vessels
• Vertical vessels can be
differing on shape based
on how tall the vessel, it
can be supported with
(skirt, leg and lug)
1- Towers
• Very tall vessels
• Conical transition in
the middle (in most
cases)
• Supported only with
skirt
• Seismic and wind
loads are vey
effective
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Vertical vessels
2- Columns
• Tall and moderate length vessels
• Conical transitions are rarely to be found
• Normally supported with skirt or lug in case of supported on
structure steel (especially offshore platform)
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Vertical vessels
3- Body flanged & small vessels
• Short length vessels
• Body flanges usually used in small sizes (specially for filters)
• Normally supported with legs
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Horizontal vessels
• Horizontal vessels can be differing on shape based on
vessel length, it is supported only with two saddles
1- Cigar/ bullet tank
• Very long vessels
• Normally used for storage services (specially liquefied gases in
moderate pressure and capacities)
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Horizontal vessels
2- Drum
• Moderate and small lengths vessels
• Normally used for process applications such as separation
 Pressure Vessel Components
OUT LINES
• Main components
• Shell
• Heads
• Nozzles
• Support
• Vertical vessels
• Towers
• Columns
• Body flanged & small vessels
• Horizontal vessels
• Cigar/ bullet tank
• Drum
• Spheres
 Spheres
• Designed for high pressure and capacity storage applications
basically for liquefied gases
• Due to higher pressure storage, it is preferable to use spherical
shape as it is cost effective then cylindrical shape
• Supported only with leg supports, critical points ( designed by FEA)
• Fabricated at site with higher fabrication and testing cost than
cylindrical vessels