04 WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

Course Name N-0
UE Behaviors in Idle
Mode
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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Course Name N-1
Foreword
UE behaviors in idle mode include :
PLMN selection
System information reception
Cell selection and reselection
Location registration
Paging procedure
Access procedure
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
PLMN selection
Used to ensure that the PLMN selected by the UE properly provides services.
Cell selection and reselection
Used to ensure that the UE finds a suitable cell to camp on.
Location registration
Used for the network to trace the current status of the UE and to ensure that the UE is camped
on the network when the UE does not perform any operation for a long period.
System information reception
The network broadcasts the network information to a UE which camps on the cell to control the
behaviors of the UE.
Paging
Used for the network to send paging messages to a UE which is in idle mode, CELL_PCH
state, or URA_PCH state.
Access
From the view of access stratum, access is the procedure UE shift from idle mode to
connected mode.

Course Name N-2
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

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Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

Course Name N-4
Cell Search
UE does not have UTRAN carrier information
In order to find a suitable cell to stay, UE will scan all the
frequencies in UTRAN. In each carrier, UE just need to find a cell
with best signal
UE has UTRAN carrier information

UE will try whether the original cell is suitable to stay. If not, UE
still need to scan all the frequencies about UTRAN in order to find
a suitable cell in PLMN
Typical scenario of first occasion is the first time a new UE is put into use.
The second occasion is very common.

Course Name N-5
Cell Search
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and

code-group identification
Primary Scrambling code

identification
Step 1: Slot synchronization

During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the primary synchronisation code
(PSC) to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell.
Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification
During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the secondary
synchronisation code (SSC) to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of the
cell found in the first step.
Step 3: Primary Scrambling code identification:
During the last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary
scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified
through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group
identified in the second step.
If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2 and 3
above can be simplified.

Course Name N-6
PLMN Selection
UE shall maintain a list of allowed PLMN types. In the PLMN list,
the UE arranges available PLMNs by priorities. When selecting a
PLMN, it searches the PLMNs from the high priority to the low.
The UE selects a PLMN from HPLMNs or VPLMNs.
UE can get the system information from PCCPCH, and the PLMN information is transmitted in
MIB of PCCPCH
After getting the MIB, UE can judge weather the current PLMN is the right one. If so, UE will
get the SIB scheduling information from the MIB; if not, UE will search another carrier, do this
procedure again

Course Name N-7
PLMN Selection (Cont.)

PLMN Selection in HPLMNs
Automatic PLMN Selection Mode
The UE selects an available and suitable PLMN from the whole band
according to the priority order
Manual PLMN Selection Mode

The order of manual selection is the same as that of automatic selection.
The priority order for automatic PLMN selection mode
Order PLMN type Remark
1 HPLMNs Home PLMNs
PLMNs contained in the "User Controlled PLMN

The PLMNs are arranged in
2 Selector with Access Technology" data field in the
priority order
SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
PLMNs contained in the "Operator Controlled

3 PLMN Selector with Access Technology" data field
priority order
in the SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
Other PLMN/access technology combinations with

4 the high quality of received signals excluding the
random order
previously selected PLMN

Other PLMN/access technology combinations
5 descending order of signal
excluding the previously selected PLMN
quality.
The PLMN selected by the

6 Previously selected PLMN UE before automatic PLMN
selection

Course Name N-8
PLMN Selection (Cont.)

PLMN Selection in VPLMNs
If a UE is in a VPLMN, it scans the “user controlled PLMN selector”
field or the “operator controlled PLMN selector” field in the PLMN
list to find the HPLMN or the PLMN with higher priority according
to the requirement of the automatic PLMN selection mode.
A value of T minutes may be stored in the SIM. T is either in the range from 6 minutes to 8
hours in 6-minute steps or it indicates that no periodic attempts shall be made. If no value is
stored in the SIM, a default value of 60 minutes is used.
After the UE is switched on, a period of at least 2 minutes and at most T minutes shall elapse
before the first attempt is made.
The UE shall make an attempt if the UE is on the VPLMN at time T after the last attempt.

Course Name N-9
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

Course Name N-10
Structure of System Information

System information is organized as a tree, including:
MIB (Master Information Block )
SB (Scheduling Block )
SIB (System Information Block )
System information is used for the network to broadcast network information to UEs camping
on a cell so as to control the behavior of UEs.
MIB
When selecting a new cell, the UE reads the MIB. The UE may locate the MIB by
predefined scheduling information. The IEs in the MIB includes MIB value tag, PLMN
type, PLMN identity, reference and scheduling information for a number of SIBs in a
cell or one or two SBs in a cell.
SB
Scheduling Block (SB) gives reference and scheduling information to other SIBs. The
scheduling information of a SIB may be included in only one of MIB and SB.
SIB
System Information Block (SIB) contains actual system information. It consists of
system information elements (IEs) with the same purpose.
Scheduling information for a system information block may only be included in either the
master information block or one of the scheduling blocks.

Course Name N-11
System Information
SIB1: Contains the system information for NAS and the timer/counter
for UE
SIB2: Contains the URA information
SIB3: Contains the parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection
SIB5: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the
cell
SIB7: Contains the uplink interference level and the refreshing timer
for SIB7
SIB11: Contains measurement controlling information
SIB4: Contains parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection while UE is in connected
mode
SIB6: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in
connected mode
SIB8: Contains the CPCH static information
SIB9: Contains the CPCH dynamic information
SIB10: Contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC
procedure. Used in FDD mode only. To be used in CELL_DCH state only. Changes so often,
its decoding is controlled by a timer
SIB12: Contains measurement controlling information in connecting mode
SIB13: Contains ANSI-41 system information
SIB14: Contains the information in TDD mode
SIB15: Contains the position service information
SIB16: Contains the needed pre-configuration information for handover from other RAT to
UTRAN
SIB17: Contains the configuration information for TDD
SIB18: Contains the PLMN identities of the neighboring cells
To be used in shared networks to help with the cell reselection process

Course Name N-12
Reception of System Information

The UE shall read system information broadcast on a BCH
transport channel when the UE is in idle mode or in connected
mode, that is, in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state.
The UE may use the scheduling information in MIB and SB to locate each SIB to be acquired.
If the UE receives a SIB in a position according to the scheduling information and consider the
content valid, it will read and store it.

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Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

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Cell Selection
When the PLMN is selected and the UE is in idle mode, the UE
starts to select a cell to camp on and to obtain services.
There are four states involved in cell selection:

Camped normally
Any cell selection
Camped on any cell
Connected mode
Camped normally: The cell that UE camps on is called the suitable cell. In this state, the UE
obtains normal service.
Any cell selection: In this state, the UE shall attempt to find an acceptable cell of an any PLMN
to camp on, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE and searching first for a high quality
cell
Camped on any cell: The cell that UE camps on is called the acceptable cell. In this state the
UE obtains limited service. The UE shall regularly attempt to find a suitable cell of the selected
PLMN, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE.
Connected mode: When returning to idle mode, the UE shall use the procedure Cell selection
when leaving connected mode in order to find a suitable cell to camp on and enter state
Camped normally. If no suitable cell is found in cell reselection evaluation process, the UE
enters the state Any cell selection.

Course Name N-15
Cell Selection (Cont.)

Two types of cell selection:
Initial cell selection
If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this procedure.
Stored information cell selection

If cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this procedure.
Initial cell selection: If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts the initial cell
selection. For this procedure, the UE need not know in advance which Radio Frequency (RF)
channels are UTRA bearers. The UE scans all RF channels in the UTRA band according to its
capabilities to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN. On each carrier, the UE need only
search for the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall be selected.
Stored information cell selection: For this procedure, the UE need know the central frequency
information and other optional cell parameters that are obtained from the measurement control
information received before, such as scrambling codes. After this procedure is started, the UE
selects a suitable cell if it finds one. Otherwise, the "Initial cell selection" procedure is triggered.

Course Name N-16
Cell Selection Criteria

Criterion S is used by the UE to judge whether the cell is
suitable to camped on.
Criterion S : Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:
S qual = Qqualmeas − Qqual min

S rxlev = Qrxlevmeas − Qrxlev min − Pcompensation
If the pilot strength and quality of one cell meet S criteria, UE will stay in this cell and get other
system information. Then, UE will initiate a location update registration process.
If the cell doesn’t satisfy S criteria, UE will get adjacent cells information from SIB11. Then, UE
will judge weather these cells satisfy S criteria. If the adjacent cell is suitable, UE will stay in
the adjacent cell.
If no cell satisfies S criteria, UE will take the area as dead zone and continue the PLMN
selection and reselection procedure.
Parameters Explanation
Squal Cell quality value (dB)
Srxlev Cell RX level value (dBm)
Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal expressed in
CPICH Ec/N0 (dB) for current cell
Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value. This is received signal, CPICH RSCP for current
cells (dBm)
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)
Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)
Pcompensation Max（UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH-P_MAX, 0）, dBm
UE_TXPWR_M Maximum TX power level an UE may use when accessing the cell on RACH
AX_RACH (read in system information) (dBm)
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Course Name N-17
Parameters of Criterion S
QUALMEAS
Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure
Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO
QQUALMIN
Parameter name: Min quality level
Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB
QUALMEAS
Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure
Value range: CPICH_ECNO(CPICH Ec/N0),CPICH_RSCP(CPICH RSCP)
Physical unit: None.
Content: Cell selection and reselection quality measure, may be set to CPICH Ec/N0
or CPICH RSCP.
Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST
CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
QQUALMIN
Parameter name: Min quality level
Value range: -24~0
Physical value range: -24~0; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Content: The minimum required quality level corresponding to CPICH Ec/No. The UE
can camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH Ec/No is greater than the value
of this parameter.
Recommended value: -18

Course Name N-18
Parameters of Criterion S (Cont.)

QRXLEVMIN
Parameter name: Min Rx level
Recommended value: -58, namely -115dBm
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
Recommended value: 21, namely 21dBm
QRXLEVMIN
Parameter name: Min Rx level
Value range: -58~-13.
Physical value range: -115~-25; step: 2 (-58:-115; -57:-113; ..., -13:-25 ).
Physical unit: dBm.
Content: The minimum required RX level corresponding to CPICH RSCP. The UE can
camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH RSCP is greater than the value of
this parameter.
Recommended value: -58.
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
Value range: -50~33
Physical value range: -50~33; step: 1
Physical unit: dBm
Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which is
related to the network planning. Content: Allowed maximum power transmitted on
RACH in the cell. It is related to network planning.
Recommended value: -21

Course Name N-19
Cell Reselection
After selecting a cell and camping on it, the UE periodically
searches for a better cell according to the cell reselection
criteria. If finding such a cell, the UE selects this cell to camp on.
UE should monitor the quality of current cell and neighbor cells in order to camp on the better
cell to initiate service. The better cell is the most suitable one for the UE to camp on and obtain
services. The QoS of this cell is not necessarily more satisfying.

Course Name N-20
Measurement Start Criteria

Intra-frequency measurement
Squal ≤ Sintrasearch
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ Sintrasearch
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + Sintrasearch
Parameters of the measurement start criteria
Name Description
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) .
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection,
Sintrasearch
compared with Squal.
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection,

Sintersearch
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection, compared
SsearchRATm
with Squal.

Course Name N-21
Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)

Inter-frequency measurement
Squal ≤ Sintersearch
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ Sintersearch
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + Sintersearch
Name Description
Sintrasearch

Sintersearch
SsearchRATm
with Squal.

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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)

Inter-RAT measurement
Squal ≤ SsearchRATm
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ SsearchRATm
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + SsearchRATm
Name Description
Sintrasearch

Sintersearch
SsearchRATm
with Squal.

Course Name N-23
Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria
IDLESINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Recommended value: None
CONNSINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode
IDLESINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus
the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
CONNSINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical unit: dB
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold
plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be
started.

Course Name N-24
IDLESINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
CONNSINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode
IDLESINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus
the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
CONNSINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical unit: dB
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold
plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be
started.

Course Name N-25
SSEARCHRAT
Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold
SSEARCHRAT
Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality (CPICH Ec/No
measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of
the cell, the inter-RAT cell reselection procedure will be started.

Course Name N-26
Measurement Start Criteria Description
The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in the
figure.
Usually, Sintrasearch > Sintersearch > SsearchRATm

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Cell Reselection Criteria

Criterion R is used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency cells and
inter-RAT cell reselection.
The cell-ranking criterion R is defined by :
Rs = Qmeas , s + Qhysts
Rn = Qmeas ,n − Qoffsets ,n
The cells are ranked according to R criteria specified above ,deriving Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and
calculating R value.
In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell.
The offset Qoffset1s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn. The hysteresis Qhyst1s is used
for Qhysts to calculate Rs.
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, the UE shall reselect that TDD or GSM cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH RSCP, the UE shall reselect that FDD cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH Ec/N0, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells
according to the R criteria specified above.
In this case, however, the UE uses the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/N0 for deriving the
Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and then calculating the R values of the FDD cells. The offset
Qoffset2s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn, the hysteresis Qhyst2s is used for Qhysts to
calculate Rs.

Course Name N-28
Hysteresis and Time Interval

Quality
Qhyst,s Qmeas,n
Rn
Qoffsets,n Rs
Qmeas,s
Time
Treselection
In all the previous cases, the UE can reselect a new cell only when the following conditions are
met:
The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval Treselection.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.

Course Name N-29
Parameters of Criterion R
IDLEQHYST1S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for idle mode
Recommended value: 2, namely 4dB
CONNQHYST1S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for connect mode
Recommended value: 2, namely 4dB
IDLEQHYST1S
Value range: 0~20.
Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in idle mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality
measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is related to
the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow
fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
Recommended value: 2.
CONNQHYST1S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for connected mode
Value range: 0~20.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in connect mode for serving FDD cells in case the
quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is
related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the
slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.

Course Name N-30
Parameters of Criterion R (Cont.)

IDLEQHYST2S
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode
CONNQHYST2S
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode.
IDLEQHYST2S
Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in idle mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality
measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is related to the slow
fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the
greater this parameter. It is optional. If it is not configured, [Hysteresis 1] will be adopted as the
value.
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode .
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
CONNQHYST2S
Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in connect mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality
measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is related to the slow
fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the
greater this parameter.
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode. .
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.

Course Name N-31

TRESELECTIONS
Parameter name: Reselection delay time
Recommended value: 1, namely 1s.
TRESELECTIONS
Parameter name: Reselection delay time
Value range: 0~31 .
Physical unit: s.
Content: If the signal quality of a neighboring cell is better than the serving cell during
the specified time of this parameter, the UE will reselect the neighboring cell. It is used
to avoid ping-pong reselection between different cells. Note: The value 0 corresponds
to the default value defined in the protocol.

Course Name N-32

IDLEQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn
Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.
CONNQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn
IDLEQOFFSET1SN
Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in
idle mode
Value range: -50 to +50 .
Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this
parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection.
Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it
through LST INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD
INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD INTERFREQNCELL.
CONNQOFFSET1SN
connected mode
Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.

Course Name N-33

IDLEQOFFSET2SN
CONNQOFFSET2SN
IDLEQOFFSET2SN
Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in
idle mode
Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
CONNQOFFSET2SN
connected mode
Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.

Course Name N-34
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

Course Name N-35
Location Registration
The location registration includes:
Location update (for non-GPRS)
Route update (for GPRS)
The location registration is used for the PLMN to trace the current status of the UE and to
ensure that the UE is connected with the network when the UE does not perform any operation
for a long period.

Course Name N-36
Periodic Location Registration

Periodic location registration is controlled by a Periodic
Location Update timer (T3212) or a Periodic Routing Area
Update timer (T3312)
Periodic location registration may be used to periodically notify the network of the availability of
the UE.
T3212 is for non-GPRS operation
T3312 is for GPRS operation

Course Name N-37
Parameters of Location Registration

T3212
Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]
Recommended value: 10, namely 60min
T3212
Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]
Value range: 0~255.
Physical unit: 6 min.
Content: This parameter indicates the time length of the periodical location update.
Periodical location update is implemented by MS through the location update
procedure. 0: The periodical update procedure is not used. This parameter is valid only
when [CN domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.
Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN,
modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.

Course Name N-38
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

Course Name N-39
Paging Initiation
CN initiated paging
Establish a signaling connection
UTRAN initiated paging

Trigger the cell update procedure
Trigger reading of updated system information
For CN originated paging:

In order to request UTRAN connect to UE, CN initiates the paging procedure,
transmits paging message to the UTRAN through Iu interface, and UTRAN transmits
the paging message from CN to UE through the paging procedure on Uu interface,
which will make the UE initiate a signaling connection setup process with the CN.
For UTRAN originated paging:
UE state transition: In order to trigger UE in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to
carry out state transition (for example, transition to the CELL_FACH state), the UTRAN
will perform a paging process. Meanwhile, the UE will initiate a cell update or URA
update process, as a reply to the paging.
When the cell system message is updated: When system messages change, the
UTRAN will trigger paging process in order to inform UE in the idle, CELL_PCH or
URA_PCH state to carry out the system message update, so that the UE can read the
updated system message.

Course Name N-40
Paging Type 1
If UE is in CELL_PCH,URA_PCH or IDLE state，the paging
message will be transmitted on PCCH with paging type 1
CN RNC1 RNC2 NODEB1.1 NODEB2.1 UE
PAGING
RANAP RANAP
RANAP PAGING RANAP
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1
Paging type 1:
The message is transmitted in one LA or RA according to LAI or RAI.
After calculating the paging time, the paging message will be transmitted at that time
If UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UTRAN transmits the paging
information in PAGING TYPE 1 message to UE. After received paging message, UE
performs a cell update procedure to transit state to CELL_FACH.
As shown in the above figure, the CN initiates paging in a location area (LA), which is covered
by two RNCs. After receiving a paging message, the RNC searches all the cells corresponding
to the LAI, and then calculates the paging time, at which it will send the PAGING TYPE 1
message to these cells through the PCCH.

Course Name N-41
Paging Type 2
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state，the paging message
will be transmitted on DCCH with paging type 2
CN SRNC UE
PAGING
RANAP RANAP
DCCH: PAGING TYPE 2

RRC RRC
Paging type 2:
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state，the paging message will be transmitted
on DCCH with paging type 2
The message will be only transmitted in a cell
As shown in the above figure, if the UE is in the CELL_-DCH or CELL_FACH state, the
UTRAN will immediately transmit PAGING TYPE 2 message to the paged UE on DCCH
channel.

Course Name N-42
Typical Call Flow of UE

UE N A S U E AS NSS MSC
pa gin g
RANAP RANAP
R R _P A IN G _ IN D pa ging
R R _E S T_R E Q (P A G IN G R E S P O N S E )
R R C setu p p ro cess
IN ITIA L_D IRE C T_TR A N S FE R
A U TH E N TIC A TIO N REQUEST (P A G IN G R E S P O N S E )
A U TH E N TIC A TIO N R E S P O NS E
R R _S E C U R ITY _C O N TR O L_R E Q
(IK C K )
S ecu rity m od e control
S E TU P
C A LL C O N F IR M
R A B setu p p ro cess
A LE R T
CONNECT
C O N N E CT A C K N O W L E D G E
Many problems will cause the target UE cannot receive the paging message properly
Power setting of paging channel is unreasonable.
Unreasonable paging strategies will result in paging channel congestion, which can
cause paging message loss.
Paging parameter is unreasonable
Equipment fault

Course Name N-43
DRX Procedure
UE receives the paging indicator on PICH periodically, that is
the Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
The value for the DRX paging cycle length is determined as

follows: :
DRX Cycle Length ＝ (2^K)×PBP frames
In idle mode, the UE can monitor the paging in two modes: one is to decode SCCPCH directly
every 10ms, the other is to decode the PICH periodically. The second one is the DRX, which is
Discontinuous Reception Mechanism.
The paging period formula:
DRX Cycle Length ＝ (2^K)*PBP frames
K is the “CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient”, which is broadcasted in
SIB1. The typical value is 6.
PBP is paging block period, which is 1 for FDD mode
The paging period should be 640ms if K is 6

Course Name N-44
DRX Procedure (Cont.)

Through DRX, UE only listens to PICH at certain predefined time.
And UE will read the paging information on SCCPCH if the
paging indicator is 1.
The value of the Paging Occasion is determined as follows:
Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) =
{(IMSI div M) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} * PBP
+ n * DRX cycle length + Frame Offset
Paging SFN formula:

Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) = {(IMSI mod M) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)}
*PBP + n *DRX cycle length + Frame Offset
n =0, 1, 2……and the requirement is the calculated CELL SFN must be below its
maximum value 4096
Frame Offset is 0 for FDD mode
M is the number of SCCPCH which carries PCH, and the typical value is 1
The formula cloud be simplified as: SFN = IMSI mod (2^K) + n * (2^K)

Course Name N-45

UE must calculate q to know which PI to monitor in one frame
of PICH
The q value is achieved by the following formula :
  Np  
q =  PI + ((18 × (SFN + SFN / 8 + SFN / 64 + SFN / 512)) mod 144)×  mod Np
  144  
Where, PI = (IMSI div 8192) mod NP
SFN is the paging occasion of the UE

As shown in the followed figure, the UE needs to monitor the frames (paging occasions)
indicated by the red dots, and then decodes the qth PI of this frame.
One DRX cycle
2^K-1 。。。
。。。
0 4095
PI PI 。。。 P I 。。。 PI
0 1 q NP-1

Course Name N-46

Time offset between PICH and S-CCPCH
PICH frame containing paging indicator
Associated S-CCPCH frame
τPICH
The timing relationship between PICH and S-CCPCH is defined by the above figure, and the
interval is 3 slots duration (2ms, 7680 chips).

Course Name N-47
Parameters of DRX
DRXCYCLELENCOEF
Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient
Recommended value: 6
PICHMODE
Parameter name: PICH mode
Recommended value: V36.
DRXCYCLELENCOEF
Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient
Value range: 6~9 .
Content: This parameter is broadcasted on SIB1. This parameter is used when a UE is
in idle mode.
Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN, and
modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.
PICHMODE
Parameter name: PICH mode
Value range: V18, V36, V72, V144 .
Physical value range: 18, 36, 72, 144 .
Content: Indicating the number of PIs contained in each frame on the PICH.
Recommended value: V36 .
Set this parameter through ADD PICH, query it through LST PICH.

Course Name N-48
Parameters of DRX
MACCPAGEREPEAT
Parameter name: Number of page re-TX
MACCPAGEREPEAT
Parameter name: Number of page re-TX
Number of retransmissions of paging message
Value range: 0~2 .
Content: If the number of retransmissions of paging message exceeds this parameter
value, retransmissions stop.
Set this parameter through SET WFMRCFGDATA, query it through LST
WFMRCFGDATA.

Course Name N-49
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure

Course Name N-50
Two Working Mode of UE

Idle mode
After turning on, UE will stay in idle mode
Connected mode
UE will switch to connected mode which could be CELL_FACH
state or CELL_DCH state from the idle mode
After releasing RRC connection, UE will switch to the idle mode

from the connected mode
The most important difference between idle mode and connected mode is whether UE has
RRC connection with UTRAN or not.
In idle mode, UE will be identified by IMSI, TMSI or PTMSI and so on.
In connected mode, UE will be identified by URNTI (UTRAN Radio Network Temporary
Identity), which is the ID of one RRC connection.

Course Name N-51
Random Access Procedure

Definition
Random access procedure is initiated by UE in order to get service
from the system. Meanwhile, the access channels are allocated to
the UE by system
This process may happen in the following scenarios:

Attach and detach
LA update and RA update
Signaling connection for services

Course Name N-52
Random Access Channel

Definition
AICH access
slots SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
τp-a #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
PRACH
access slots Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2
10 ms 10 ms
UE will transmit the preamble at the access time slot

Each 20ms access frame is composed of two 10ms radio frames, which is divided into 15
access time slot, and 5120 chips for each slot
The PRACH access slots, AICH access slots and their time offset are showed in the above
figure

Course Name N-53
RACH Sub-Channels
The access slots of different RACH sub-channels are illustrated
by the following table
SFN mod 8 Random access sub-channels number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 12 13 14 8 9 10 11
2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 9 10 11 12 13 14 8
4 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
A RACH sub-channel defines a sub-set of the total set of uplink access slots. There are a total
of 12 RACH sub-channels.

Course Name N-54
Access Service Class

The PRACH resources can be classified into several ASCs, so as
to provide RACH applications with different priorities.
For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode, the PRACH resources include access timeslots
and preamble signatures, which can be classified into several ASCs, so as to provide RACH
applications with different priorities.
The ASCs range from 0 to 7, and the quantity of ASCs is 8. "0" indicates the highest priority
and "7" indicates the lowest priority.
The system will assign random access sub-channels and signatures according to the ASC
(Access Service Class ) of UE.
Set ASC of PRACH through ADD PRACHASC, modify it through MOD PRACHASC, and
remove it through RMV PRACHASC.

Course Name N-55
Access Control
“Access Control” is used by network operators to prevent
overload of radio access channels under critical conditions.
Access class 0~Access Class 9
Access class 11~Access Class 15
Access class 10
The access class number is stored in the SIM/USIM.

Access class 0~9 are allocated to all the users. And the 10 classes show the same priority.
Access class 11~15 are allocated to specific high priority users as follows. (The enumeration is
not meant as a priority sequence):
Access class 15: PLMN staff
Access class 14: users subscribing to emergency services
Access class 13: public organizations
Access class 12: users subscribing to security services
Access class 11: users responsible for PLMN management
Access Class 10 indicates whether or not network access for Emergency Calls is allowed for
UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI. For UEs with access classes 11 to 15,
Emergency Calls are not allowed if both "Access class 10" and the relevant Access Class (11
to 15) are barred. Otherwise, Emergency Calls are allowed.

Course Name N-56
Mapping between AC and ASC

The AC-ASC mapping information is optional and used for the
System Information Block 5 (SIB5) only.
Set the mapping between AC and ASC through ADD PRACHACTOASCMAP, modify it
through MOD PRACHACTOASCMAP, and remove it through RMV PRACHACTOASCMAP.

Course Name N-57
Random Access Procedure
START
Choose a RACH sub channel from

available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble
No AI
Choose a access slot again Check the corresponding AI
Get positive AI
Get negative AI
Choose a signature and
increase preamble transmit power Increase message part power by
p-m based on preamble power
The counter of preamble retransmit

Subtract-1, Commanded preamble Send the corresponding
power increased by Power Ramp Step message part
Set physical status to be RACH

Y Counter> 0 & Preamble Set physical status to be Nack
message transmitted
power-maximum allowed power on AICH received
<6 dB
N
Report the physical status to MAC
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
END

Course Name N-58
Physical random access procedure

1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access slot set, for the set of
available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC. Randomly select one access slot
among the ones previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the
selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding to the set of
available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC from the next access slot set. The
random function shall be such that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal
probability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures within the given
ASC
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max
4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to Preamble_Initial_Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and preamble
transmission power
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI ≠ +1 nor –1) corresponding to the
selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the
selected uplink access slot:
A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-
channels within the given ASC
B: select a signature
C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power
D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble
Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6. Otherwise exit the
physical random access procedure
7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is
detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot,
exit the physical random access procedure Signature
8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected ,
Transmit the random access message three or four uplink access slots after the uplink
access slot of the last transmitted preamble
9. Exit the physical random access procedure

Course Name N-59
RRC Connection Message

Typical RRC connection messages
RRC_CONNECTION_REQUEST
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE
RRC_CONNECTION_RELEASE
When a UE needs network service, it first sets up RRC connection as follows:

The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the cell where it
camps to the RNC.
The RNC allocates related resources for the UE and sends an RRC CONNECTION
SETUP message to the UE.
The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the RNC. The
RRC connection setup ends.

Course Name N-60
UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode

T300
Parameter name: Timer 300 [ms]
Recommended value: D2000, namely 2000ms
N300
Parameter name: Constant 300
T300
Parameter name: Timer 300[ms]
Value range: D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000, D1200, D1400, D1600, D1800,
D2000, D3000, D4000, D6000, D8000 .
Physical value range: 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000,
3000, 4000, 6000, 8000
Physical unit: ms
Content: T300 is started after the UE transmits the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
message and stopped after the UE receives the RRC CONNECTION SETUP
message. RRC CONNECTION REQUEST resents upon the expiry of the timer if V300
less than or equal to N300. Otherwise, the UE enters idle mode.
Recommended value: D2000.
Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through SET
IDLEMODETIMER.
N300
Value range: 0~7 .
Content: Maximum number of retransmission of RRC CONNECTION REQUEST .
IDLEMODETIMER.

Course Name N-61
UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode

T312
Parameter name: Timer 312 [s]
Recommended value: 6, namely 6s
N312
Recommended value: D1, namely 1
T312
Parameter name: Timer 312[s]
Value range: 1~15 .
Physical value range: 1~15s
Physical unit: s
Content: T312 is started after the UE starts to establish a DCH and stopped when the
UE detects N312 consecutive "in sync" indications from L1. It indicates physical
channel setup failure upon the expiry of the timer.
IDLEMODETIMER.
N312
Value range: D1, D2, D4, D10, D20, D50, D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000 .
Physical value range: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000
Content: Maximum number of consecutive "in sync" indications received from L1. .
Recommended value: D1.
IDLEMODETIMER.

Course Name N-62
RRC Connection Establish Channel Type

and Bit Rate
RRCCAUSE
Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment
Recommended value: none
SIGCHTYPE
Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment
Recommended value: none
RRCCAUSE
Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment
Value range: ORIGCONVCALLEST, ORIGSTREAMCALLEST, ORIGINTERCALLEST,
ORIGBKGCALLEST, ORIGSUBSTRAFFCALLEST, TERMCONVCALLEST,
TERMSTREAMCALLEST, TERMINTERCALLEST, TERMBKGCALLEST,
EMERGCALLEST, INTERRATCELLRESELEST, INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST,
REGISTEST, DETACHEST, ORIGHIGHPRIORSIGEST, ORIGLOWPRIORSIGEST,
CALLREEST, TERMHIGHPRIORSIGEST, TERMLOWPRIORSIGEST,
TERMCAUSEUNKNOWN, DEFAULTEST.
Content: The cause of Rrc connection establishment. .
Recommended value: none.
Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST
RRCESTCAUSE.
SIGCHTYPE
Value range: FACH, DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING, DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING,
DCH_27.2K_SIGNALLING .
Content: FACH indicates that the RRC is established on the common channel.
DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established on the dedicated
channel of 3.4 kbit/s. DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established
on the dedicated channel of 13.6 kbit/s. DCH_27.2K_SIGNALLING indicates that the
RRC is established on the dedicated channel of 27.2 kbit/s.
Recommended value: none.
RRCESTCAUSE.

Course Name N-63
RRC Connection Establish Channel Type

and Bit Rate
INTRAMEASCTRL
Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment
Recommended value: SUPPORT
INTRAMEASCTRL
Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment
Value range: NOT_SUPPORT, SUPPORT.
Content: SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreq measurement control message will be
send in RRC Connection Establishment. NOT_SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreq
measurement control will not be send in RRC Connection Establishment.
Recommended value: SUPPORT .
RRCESTCAUSE.

Course Name N-64
Thank you
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04 WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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04 WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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Course Name N-0

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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System information reception

Cell selection and reselection

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UE has UTRAN carrier information

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Frame synchronization and

Primary Scrambling code

Step 1: Slot synchronization

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The UE selects a PLMN from HPLMNs or VPLMNs.

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PLMN Selection (Cont.)

Manual PLMN Selection Mode

The priority order for automatic PLMN selection mode

Order PLMN type Remark

1 HPLMNs Home PLMNs

PLMNs contained in the "User Controlled PLMN

PLMNs contained in the "Operator Controlled

Other PLMN/access technology combinations with

The PLMNs are arranged in

The PLMN selected by the

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PLMN Selection (Cont.)

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Structure of System Information

SIB (System Information Block )

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Reception of System Information

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There are four states involved in cell selection:

Any cell selection

Camped on any cell

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Cell Selection (Cont.)

Stored information cell selection

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Cell Selection Criteria

Criterion S : Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:

S qual = Qqualmeas − Qqual min

Squal Cell quality value (dB)

Srxlev Cell RX level value (dBm)

Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)

Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)

Pcompensation Max（UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH-P_MAX, 0）, dBm

Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO

Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB

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Parameters of Criterion S (Cont.)

Recommended value: -58, namely -115dBm

Recommended value: 21, namely 21dBm

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Measurement Start Criteria

Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ Sintrasearch

Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + Sintrasearch

Parameters of the measurement start criteria