Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part 1: Introduction
hello world;
I am Bhavin Chandarana
I am here because I love technology.
You can find me at @BhavinIoT
There are many competing definitions of what a smart city, or a smart technology,
constitutes. Core principles about smart city projects:
◉ Smart city technologies leverage data in a way that either improves or redefines
how a city service is delivered
◉ Smart city investments contribute to a strategic vision for the use of ICT in the
city
◉ Smart city investments can include ‘soft’ measures to facilitate interest in and
the sustainability of the marketplace
◉ Smart cities do not include all new technologies regardless of their use of data
Technology
Smart cities are at an intersection of
Technology, Governance & Citizen Science
1
ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Global mobile video traffic per month 2.03 M TB Mobile-only unique visitors to Apple Inc. 65.36m
Mobile share of organic search engine visits in Percentage of time spent on gaming apps on
the U.S 43% iOS and Android devices 15%
http://www.statista.com
ICT, Cloud & Mobile
http://www.statista.com
ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Google Trends
ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Google Trends
ICT
http://www.smartcity-planning.co.jp
Moore’s Law
Number of components on chip doubles every year
Metcalfe’s Law
Value of a network with n nodes ∝O(n2)
Koomey’s Law
Energy efficiency of computation doubles roughly every 1.5 years
IoT
Shift from social media & mobility to data science & analytics
◉ Realtime dashboards & notifications
◉ Business Intelligence & Micro-moments
The rise of Middleware!
◉ AWS IoT
◉ IBM Bluemix®
◉ 2lemetry (bought by Amazon)
◉ Jasper (bought by Cisco)
IoT
WIRED
Examples
Some startups / initiatives working on smart
cities
2
Waste Management: Compology
http://compology.com
Waste Management: Compology
http://compology.com
Waste Management: Enevo
http://www.enevo.com
Waste Management: Enevo
http://www.enevo.com
Waste Management: Loci Controls
◉ Makes smart, connected hardware that helps landfill operators monitor — and
capture — the natural gases that are produced by decomposing trash
◉ WellWatcher hardware monitors the chemical composition of landfill gas, its flow
rate, and the temperature and pressure inside the pipes. Taking readings a few
times an hour, the battery-powered, solar-rechargeable system reports its data
via a cellular connection
http://locicontrols.com
Waste Management: Loci Controls
◉ The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) led the round, alongside
CommonAngels Venture Fund, Launch Capital, Houston Angel Network, and
several Boston-area angel investors. Loci Controls is a graduate of the Bolt
accelerator, and is housed at Greentown Labs.
http://locicontrols.com
Waste Management: Loci Controls
http://locicontrols.com
Transportation: Smart Bike Locks
BikeSpike Price: $129 (pre-order) GPS technology to locate your bike and cellular
technology to share that location in real time. This
Service Fee: $4.99-$6.99 per month
allows you to see where you bike is at any point in
Connectivity: GPS time via the web application or the mobile
Battery Life: 3-4 weeks expected application
http://bikespike.com
BitLock Price: $119 Connectivity: Bluetooth Bitlock: The world's first keyless bike lock to enable
low cost peer-to-peer bike sharing among
Apps: Apple, Android
individuals and communities.
Battery: Bitlock can handle 10,000 lock/unlock Bitlock senses your proximity and identifies you as
operations on a single battery. (Enough for 5-year you come within 3 feet of your bike
battery life with 5 lock/unlock operations a day) http://bitlock.co
Lock8 Price: $249 Apps: Apple, Android, Microsoft Keyless - No more keys! Use your smartphone as
an e-Key to easily lock and unlock your smart bike
Connectivity: Bluetooth, GSM/GPRS SIM
lock.
Battery: charges while you’re cycling GPS - Bike GPS tracking to locate your bike if it
Sensors: Three-axis gyroscope, accelerometer, goes missing or remember where you left it and
light, temperature share your location with friends. http://lock8.me
Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk
Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk
Public Spaces: Array of Things
Network of sensor boxes that will be mounted to lampposts & other infrastructure
◉ By Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago
◉ Each “node” in the network will collect block-by-block environmental data about
temperature, humidity, light, air quality, and eventually even wind and
precipitation
◉ $3.1 million award from the National Science Foundation
◉ They plan to work with the city of Chicago to start deploying Array of Things
hardware in Q4, 2016, with up to 500 nodes in place by the end of 2017
◉ The resulting data sets will be made available to researchers, app developers,
and the public through an open database
◉ The hardware and software are all open-source, and released on GitHub
https://github.
Public Spaces: Array of Things
https://github.
Public Spaces: Array of Things
http://www.placemeter.com
Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap
Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap
Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap
Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city http://samuelcox.net
Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city http://samuelcox.net
Economics & Human Factors
With focus on India 3
How to make a country Rich
1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
Equitable Land Distribution
Eradicate Rural Feudalism
3. Spend on Development
Keep finance on the short leash and aligned
with national, long-term industrial interest
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
How can Technology help
1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
Equitable Land Distribution Smart Farming
Eradicate Rural Feudalism Smart weather forecasting & analytics
Online Farming Education
3. Spend on Development
Keep finance on the short leash and aligned P2P lending & Crowdfunding
with national, long-term industrial interest
national, long-term industrial interest
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
India’s Competitiveness Profile
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
● According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2
billion is needed until 2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to maintain
and accelerate economic growth
● The investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure (roads, transport, traffic
support, street lighting, water supply, sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is
estimated at $506.3 billion.
● Approximately half of that amount is needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30%
and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be needed for renewal and redevelopments
of certain urban areas, particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity building of
urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the
required infrastructure projects.
● Given the fact that the public sector is in no position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a
significant funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the required investment in (urban)
infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period
2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
India’s Risks in Public Private Partnership (Urban development Projects)
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
India’s Constraint in Infrastructure Development (next 3 years)
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
Case Studies
Chicago, Hong Kong
Pune?
4
CHICAGO
2011-present
ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP
Genesis: Push for smart cities began with election of Mayor Emanuel
(May 2011)
Key players:
CTO (John Tolva),
CDO (Brett Goldstein),
Smart Chicago Collaborative (partnership b/w City, MacArthur
Foundation & Chicago Community Trust)
PROJECTS
Infra. Investment Economic development Community engagement
Broadband project Chicago Health Atlas The City that Networks
Human Capital:
A key challenge was in re-tooling the IT department in the city to be able to
respond to these new challenges. Previously the IT department contracted
development work, but now the city has a development and design resource,
and a director of data analytics.
Future Plans
Gigabit Broadband: The broadband work in the city is seen as a transformative
project. The speeds and the price points that they are aiming to hit are intended
to be disruptive. They believe that will be key in fostering innovative and
creative responses to the city’s challenges
City as a Platform: Chicago has many networked devices (e.g. trash cans, bike
sharing schemes). There is an opportunity to get these better connected in a
similar way to the open data portal
Dispersed Digital Literacy: Although there are public computer centres in
Chicago, the next challenge will be bringing these resources out into the street
Ensuring Sustainability
HONG KONG
1998 - present
INTRODUCTION
Genesis:
Digital 21 initiative established in 1998 for ICT investment
Organization structure for streamlining governance est. 2004
The current strategy contains five key action areas:
◉ Facilitating a digital economy
◉ Promoting advanced technology and innovation
◉ Developing Hong Kong as a hub for technological
cooperation and trade
◉ Enabling the next generation of public services
◉ Building an inclusive, knowledge-based society.
ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP
PROJECTS
EIM: (Electronic Information Management), was central to the 2008 Digital 21 Strategy,
and covers Content Management, Records Management, Knowledge Management
E-government: OGCIO is responsible for running the city’s main website. They aim to
meet 80% of citizens’ needs for dealing with the government on that website, through
e-government services. As of Dec 2012, there are 49 government mobile applications
and 38 government mobile websites
GovWiFi: 100% WiFi enabled city by 2017
Open Data: Demographic, economic, geographical and meteorological data, etc. made
publically available and easily accessible. Govt. sponsored hackathons for the best use
of this data (https://data.gov.hk/en)
Future Plans
Hong Kong will continue to work towards the vision articulated in the Digital 21
strategy, and will update it as new challenges and opportunities are identified. Mr
Godfrey explains that achieving the city’s aim around ICT is a continual process of
improvement, rather than an end-goal:
“Although we have articulated our vision, I don’t think we will ever be able to say
we’ve done it. Because even when you get there, ICT changes so fast that you are
going to have to keep running to achieve the vision.”
He also identifies that shifting to cloud-based ICT operations in the city will be a core
upcoming challenge:
“We see the biggest change in the next few years being how we make use of cloud
computing in government, which will affect both the applications and the
infrastructure”
A SPECIAL THANKS TO
Any questions?
You can find me at
@BhavinIoT / bhavin@phaneronsystems.com
http://goo.