Name: Duncan Rioba Oteki

Course Title: Pavement Engineering-06848

Course code: CE 518
Task: Assignment (Chapter 2)

2-1. A uniformly distributed load of intensity q is applied through a circular area of radius
a on the surface of an incompressible (v = 0 .5) homogeneous half-space with an elastic
modulus E, as shown in Figure P2.1 . In terms of q, a, and E, determine the vertical
displacement , three principal stresses, and three principal strains at a point 2a below the
surface under the edge (r = a) of the loaded area.

Design data:

 Z=2a
 r=a

I. Determine the vertical displacement:

From table 2.6:

𝑞𝑎
𝑤= 𝐹
𝐸
𝑧 2𝑎
= =2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑟 𝑎
= =1
𝑎 𝑎
From table 2.6: F=0.58

Vertical deflection
𝑞𝑎
𝑤 = 0.58
𝐸
II. Principal stresses:

Vertical normal stress due to loading from Figure 2.2:

𝑧 2𝑎
= =2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑟 𝑎
= =1
𝑎 𝑎
𝜎𝑧
𝑥100 = 18
𝑞
𝜎𝑧 = 0.18𝑞

Vertical normal stress due to loading from Figure 2.3:

𝑧 2𝑎
= =2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑟 𝑎
= =1
𝑎 𝑎
𝜎𝑟
𝑥100 = 4.1
𝑞

𝜎𝑧 = 0.041𝑞

Vertical normal stress due to loading from Figure 2.4:

𝑧 2𝑎
= =2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑟 𝑎
= =1
𝑎 𝑎
𝜎𝑡
𝑥100 = 1.1
𝑞

𝜎𝑡 = 0.011𝑞
Principal stresses:

General equation:

(𝜎𝑧 +𝜎𝑟 ) (𝜎𝑧 −𝜎𝑟 )2 +(2𝜏𝑟𝑧 )2

𝜎1,3 = ∓√
2 2

From fig 2.5:

𝜏𝑟𝑧
𝑥100 = 7.4
𝑞
𝜏𝑟𝑧 = 0.074𝑞

(0.18𝑞+0.041𝑞) (0.18𝑞−0.041𝑞)2 +(2𝑥0.0749)2

𝜎1,3 = ∓√
2 2
𝜎1 = 0.1105𝑞 + 0.105𝑞 = 0.2155𝑞 ≅ 0.22𝑞

𝜎3 = 0.1105𝑞 − 0.105𝑞 = 0.0055𝑞

No shear in z-t plane

𝜎𝑡 = 𝜎2 = 0.011𝑞

III. Principal strain:

Equation 2.1a:
1
𝜀1 = E =(0.22q-0.5(0.0055q+0.011q)

0.212𝑞
𝜀1 =
𝐸
1
𝜀2 = E =(0.011q-0.5(0.22q+0.0055q)

−0.102𝑞
𝜀2 =
𝐸
1
𝜀3 = E =(0.0055q-0.5(0.22q+0.011q)

−0.11𝑞
𝜀3 =
𝐸

2-2. A 100-psi pressure is applied through a circular area 12 in. in diameter on a granular
half space, as shown in Figure P2.2 . The half-space has mass unit weight its 110 pcf,
coefficient of earth pressure at rest is 0 .6, its Poisson ratio is 0 .35, and its elastic modulus
varies with the sum of normal stresses according to the equation shown in the figure.
Assuming that the Boussinesq stress distribution is valid and that the stresses at a point 12 in.
below the center of the loaded area are used to compute the elastic modulus, determine the
maximum surface displacement.
Design data:

 q=100 psi
 a=0
 Dia =12
 γ = 100 pcu
 K= 0.6
 v = 0.35
 z = 12

I. Max surface displacement?

From equation 2.2:

123
𝜎𝑧 = 100 [1 − ] = 28.41𝑝𝑠𝑖
(62 + 122 )1.5
From equation 2.3

100 2(1 + 0.35)𝑥12 123

𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝑡 = [1 + 2𝑥0.35 − + ]
2 (62 + 122 )2 (62 + 122 )1.5

32.4 1728
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝑡 = 50 [1.7 − + ]
13.42 2414.95

𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝑡 = 0.275 𝑝𝑠𝑖
From equation 2.12

𝜃 = 28.45 + 0.275 + 0.275 + 110𝑥12(1 + 2𝑥0.6)/123

𝜃 = 30.68 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝐸 = 3000𝑥30.680.55 = 19719 𝑝𝑠𝑖

From Equation 2.6: when z = 0

(1 + 0.35)𝑥100𝑥6 6 1 − 2𝑥0.35 2 0.5

𝑤= { 2 0.5 + [(6 ) ]}
19719 (6 ) 6

𝑤 = 0.0534 𝑖𝑛

2-3. A plate bearing test using a 12-in.-diameter rigid plate is made on a subgrade, as shown
in Figure P2 .3a. The total load required to cause settling by 0 .2 in. is 10,600 lb. After 10 in
of gravel base course is placed on the subgrade, a plate-bearing test is made on the top of the
base course, as shown in Figure P2 .3b. The total load required to cause settling by 0 .2 in. is
21,200 lb. Assuming a Poisson ratio of 0.5, determine the thickness of base course require d
to sustain a 50,000-lb tire exerting a contact pressure of 100 psi over a circular area, as shown
in Figure P2 .3c, yet maintain a deflection of no more than 0 .2 in .
 I. Determine E2:

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 10600
𝑞= = = 93.72 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 36𝜋
From equation 2.10:

𝜋(1 − 0.52 )93.72𝑥6

0.2 =
2𝑥𝐸

𝐸2 = 3312.33 𝑝𝑠𝑖
II. Determine E2:

Design data:
 h=10
 a=6

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 21,200
𝑞= = = 187.45 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 36𝜋
From equation 2.15:

1.18𝑥187.45𝑥6
0.2 = 𝐹2
3312

𝐹2 = 0.5
From figure 2.17:

ℎ1 10
= = 1.67
𝑎 6

𝐸1
=4
𝐸2

𝐸1 = 4𝑋3312 = 13,248 𝑝𝑠𝑖

III. Determine thickness of base:

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 50,000
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = = 500 𝑖𝑛2
𝑞 100

𝜋𝑎2 = 500 𝑖𝑛2

𝑎 = 12.62 𝑖𝑛

From equation 2.14:

1.5𝑥100𝑥12.62
0.2 = 𝐹2
3312

𝐹2 = 0.35
From figure 2.17:

𝐸1
=4
𝐸2

ℎ1
=5
𝑎

ℎ1
=5
12.62

ℎ1 = 63.1 𝑖𝑛

2-4. A 10,000-lb wheel load exerting contact pressure of 80 psi is applied on an elastic two-
layer system, as shown in Figure P2 .4. Layer 1 has elastic modulus 200,000 psi and thickness
8 in. Layer 2 has elastic modulus 10,000 psi. Both layers are incompressible, with Poisson ratio
0.5. Assuming that the loaded area is a single circle, determine the maximum surface
deflection, interface deflection, and interface stress.
Design data:

 Load = 10,000 lb
 q = 80 psi
 E1 = 200,000 psi
 h1 = 8 in
 E2 = 10,000 psi
 V=0.5

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 10,000
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = = 125 𝑖𝑛2
𝑞 80

𝜋𝑎2 = 125 𝑖𝑛2

𝑎 = 6.3 𝑖𝑛
From figure 2.17:

𝐸1 200,000
= = 20
𝐸2 10000

ℎ1 8
= = 1.27
𝑎 6.3

𝐹2 = 0.35

I. Maximum surface deflection

From Equation 2.14:

1.5𝑥80𝑥6.3
𝑤0 = 0.35
10,000

𝑤0 = 0.026 𝑖𝑛

II. Interface stress

From figure 2.15:

𝐸1
= 20
𝐸2

𝑎 6.3
= = 0.79
ℎ1 8
𝜎𝑐
= 0.15
𝑞

𝜎𝑐 = 80𝑥 0.15 = 12 𝑝𝑠𝑖

III. interface deflection

From equation 2.16

𝑞𝑎
𝑤= 𝐹
𝐸2

F is determined using Fig 2.19:

ℎ1 8
= = 1.27
𝑎 6.3
𝑟 0
= =0
𝑎 6.2
𝐸1
= 20
𝐸2

Interpolation
𝐸1
= 10 ; F = 0.58
𝐸2

𝐸1
= 25 ; F = 0.44
𝐸2

𝐸1 0.44−0.58
= 10 ; F = (20 − 10) ( ) + 0.58 = 0.487
𝐸2 25−10

80𝑋 6.3
𝑤= 0.487 = 0.0245 𝑖𝑛
1000
2-6. Figure P2 .6 shows a pavement structure composed of the following three layers: 5 .75 in.
HMA with elastic modulus 400,000 psi, 23 in. granular base with elastic modulus 20,000
psi, and a subgrade with elastic modulus 10,000 psi . All layers are assumed to have a
Poisson ratio of 0.5. Calculate the maximum horizontal tensile strain at the bottom o f
HMA and the maximum vertical compressive strain on the top of subgrade under a
40,000-lb wheel load and 150-psi contact pressure, assuming that the contact area is a circle
.
Design data:

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 40,000
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = = 266.67 𝑖𝑛2
𝑞 150

𝜋𝑎2 = 266.67 𝑖𝑛2

𝑎 = 9.21 𝑖𝑛
From Equation 2.22a

400,000
𝑘1 = = 20
20,000

20,000
𝑘2 = =2
10,000
From Equation 2.22a

9.21
𝐴= = 0.4
23

5.75
𝐻= = 0.25
23

I. maximum horizontal tensile strain

From Table 2.3

ZZ1-RR1= 3.86779
ZZ2-RR2 = 0.14159

From Equation 2.24c

𝜎𝑧1 − 𝜎𝑟1 = 𝑞(𝑍𝑍1 − 𝑅𝑅1)

𝜎𝑧1 − 𝜎𝑟1 = 150𝑥3.86779 = 580.1685 𝑝𝑠𝑖

From Equation 2.20a

580.1685
𝜀𝑧 = = 1.4504215𝑥10−3
400,000

From Equation 2.21

1.4504215𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑟 = = −7.252106𝑥10−4
−2
II. maximum vertical compressive strain

From equation 2.24d

𝜎𝑧2 − 𝜎𝑟2 = 𝑞(𝑍𝑍2 − 𝑅𝑅2)

𝜎𝑧2 − 𝜎𝑟2 = 150𝑥0.14159 = 21.2385 𝑝𝑠𝑖

From Equation 2.20a

21.2385
𝜀𝑧 = = 1.061925𝑥10−3
20,000