Tropical cyclone Eloise

GEOGRAPHY PROJECT 2023

SHAYLIN MOODLEY
TEACHER: MRS Y MOODLEY
GRADE: 12
Step 1 :
Tropical cyclone Eloise
Tropical Cyclone Eloise was the strongest tropical cyclone to impact the country of
Mozambique since Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 and the second of three consecutive tropical
cyclones to impact Mozambique in the 2020–21 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Tropical Cyclone Eloise was the strongest tropical cyclone to impact the country of
Mozambique since Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 and the second of three consecutive tropical
cyclones to impact Mozambique in the 2020–21 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. The
seventh tropical depression, fifth named storm and the second tropical cyclone of the season,
Eloise's origins can be traced to a disturbance over the central portion of the South-West Indian
Ocean basin which developed into a tropical depression on 16 January, and strengthened into a
tropical storm on 17 January, though the storm had limited strength and organization. On the
next day, the storm entered a more favorable environment, and it soon intensified to a severe
tropical storm on 18 January. Late on 19 January, Eloise made landfall in northern Madagascar
as a moderate tropical storm, bringing with it heavy rainfall and flooding. The storm traversed
Madagascar and entered the Mozambique Channel in the early hours of 21 January. After
moving southwestward across the Mozambique Channel for an additional 2 days, Eloise
strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent cyclone, due to low wind shear and high sea surface
temperatures. Early on 23 January, Eloise peaked as a Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone on
the Saffir–Simpson scale as the center of the storm began to move ashore on Mozambique.
Shortly afterward, Eloise made landfall just north of Beira, Mozambique, before rapidly
weakening. Subsequently, Eloise weakened into a remnant low over land on 25 January,
dissipating soon afterward.
Preparations for the advancing storm took place in Madagascar before Eloise's landfall and in
multiple other African countries. For Madagascar, widespread warnings and alerts were issued
as the storm approached northern Madagascar. For Mozambique, high alerts were put in place
for central portions of the country. Humanitarian responders prepared for response after the
storms passing. Beira's port also closed for about 40 hours, and limited supplies of emergency
non-food items were given. Many families were sheltered in tents at accommodation centers,
and received kits for food, hygiene, and COVID-19 protection. Officials in Zimbabwe warned of
ravine and flash flooding, which may cause infrastructure damage. Several northern provinces
of South Africa were expected to experience heavy rains, which prompted severe risk warnings
for them. Disaster management teams were placed on high alert ahead of the storm.
Extreme flooding occurred throughout central Mozambique, with many areas being flooded
due to continuous heavy rains weeks prior to Eloise's landfall. More than 100,000 people have
been displaced and dams are at a tipping point. Infrastructure has taken a heavy hit.
Approximately 100,000 people were evacuated by 23 January, although the number is expected
to grow to 400,000. Flooding and damage have been less than feared. Weak shelters set up for
the cyclone were either damaged or destroyed. Beira was completely flooded, and the impacts
were comparable to those of Cyclone Idai, though they were far less severe. Farmland was
damaged as well. Teams were sent out to assess the damage and repair it. There have been 27
confirmed deaths, with one in Madagascar, 11 in Mozambique, three in Zimbabwe, 10 in South
Africa, and two in Eswatini. Eleven additional people are currently missing. Current damage
from the storm is estimated to exceed $10 million (2021) in Southern Africa. Early on 23
January, Eloise peaked as a Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale
as the center of the storm began to move ashore on Mozambique.
The storm traversed Madagascar and entered the Mozambique Channel in the early
hours of 21 January. After moving southwestward across the Mozambique Channel for
an additional 2 days, Eloise strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent cyclone, due to
low wind shear and high sea surface temperatures. It traveled downwards.

CROSS SECTION OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE:

Step 3 :
Tropical Cyclone Eloise was the strongest tropical cyclone to impact the country of
Mozambique since Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 and the second of three consecutive tropical
cyclones to impact Mozambique in the 2020 to 2021 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season .
Eloise's origins can be traced to a disturbance over the central portion of the South-West Indian
Ocean basin which developed into a tropical depression on 16 January, and strengthened into a
tropical storm on 17 January, though the storm had limited strength. On the next day, the
storm entered a more favorable environment, and it soon intensified to a severe tropical storm
on 18 January. Late on 19 January, Eloise made landfall in northern Madagascar as a moderate
tropical storm, bringing with it heavy rainfall and flooding. The storm traversed Madagascar and
entered the Mozambique Channel in the early hours of 21 January. After moving
southwestward across the Mozambique Channel Eloise strengthened into a Category 1-
equivalent cyclone, due to low wind shear and high sea surface temperatures. Early on 23
January, Eloise peaked as a Category 2 (F2) equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson
scale as the center of the storm began to move ashore on Mozambique. Eloise’s strongest wind
speed was 150 km/h and 90 mph making it category 1 on the beau-fort scale. A Beaufort scale
a scale in which the force of the wind is indicated by numbers from 0 to 12 and the Saffir-simp-
son scale is used to categorise a tropical cyclone on a scale from F1(weakest) to F5(strongest).

Step 4:

Warm sea surface temperatures, which reach a peak in late summer, are required to create
and maintain the warm, humid air mass in which tropical cyclones grow. This provides
energy for storm development through the heat stored in humid air called latent heat. This
leads to the formation of tropical cyclones in late summer. The Coriolis effect is the effect of
the earth’s rotation on horizontally moving bodies such as the wind and ocean currents. A
cyclone is a low pressure system, and air will move from a location with high pressure towards
a location with low pressure. The Coriolis force will deflect this air to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere, creating a counter-clockwise motion around the low pressure. Around high
pressure systems the direction of the motion is opposite, anti-cyclonic. As air masses are pulled
into cyclones from all directions, they are deflected, and the storm system—a hurricane—
seems to rotate counter-clockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, currents are deflected to the
left. As a result, storm systems seem to rotate clockwise. One of the most important things the
Coriolis Effect acts on are storm systems. Big storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones are
low-pressure systems. Eloise started as tropical depression in the central portion of the
southwest Indian Ocean on 16 January 2021 then became a tropical storm on 17th. On the 18th
it grew to a strong tropical storm with winds to 60 mph. On the 23th Eloise became a CAT 2
cyclone and it hit Mozambique with winds between 96 and 110 mph causing widespread
flooding and wind damage. Category 1 can dump a lot more rain & cause a lot of damage by
creating floods and landslides. it knocks down trees, etc. It creates more damage because it's
going slower so it has more time to destroy things. while as a 5 category would be fast causing
damage but it would be out of there quickly, hence its more destructive.

Step 5:
Tropical cyclone Eloise brought powerful winds, torrential rain and severe flooding on the
environment . The storm damaged and destroyed farmland, vital infrastructure and thousands
of homes, dealing another devastating blow to families still trying to put their lives together
after Cyclone Idai struck, less than two years ago. At the time tropical cyclone Eloise hit
Mozambique and this had led to heavy rainfall in parts of Mpumalanga and Limpopo. The
economic losses from the flooding is estimated at $75 million or R1. 1 billion. The economy
dropped really badly and its still trying to get back up till now. The storm damaged many houses
and created an increase in poverty.

Step 6 :
Residents should stock up on canned food and water supplies , first aid kit and torches. Farmers should
move cattle and other stock to higher ground. Sand bags should be placed along rivers , the coast and
outside door ways to direct the storm. The use of wooden shuttles on windows or boarding up windows
to reduce damage and injuries. Rescue teams with equipment should be on stand by. Use early warning
systems to alert people. Government could assist by monitoring of the cyclone , alerting the red zones,
providing people with food & proper cyclone shelter and controlling dam water level to prevent a post
cyclone flood situation.

Step 7:
Warming of the surface ocean from anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change is likely
fueling more powerful tropical cyclones . The destructive power of individual tropical cyclones
through flooding is amplified by rising sea level, which very likely has a substantial contribution
at the global scale from anthropogenic climate change. In addition, tropical cyclone
precipitation rates are projected to increase due to enhanced atmospheric moisture associated
with anthropogenic global warming. Global warming increase the intensity of the tropical
cyclone resulting in more impacts and damages.
Step 8 :

Tropical cyclones are intensely developed low [pressure systems with server storms and gale
force winds, they occur between 5 to 25 degrees n/s in different regions. They cause a lot of
destruction to the world and environment. Tropical cyclone lead to loss of lives in most cases
and impacts the economy negatively, it reduces employment rates and increase poverty.
Tropical cyclones create fear and unstability.
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