ALLITERATION

When a letter or the sound is repeated 2 or more times in a sentence is Alliteration.

Eg: Tongue twisters.

1. Betty Bought some Butter…..

2. She Sells Sea Shells on the Sea Shore..

In the 1st eg, B is repeated whereas in the 2nd eg, S & Sh sound is repeated.

VOWELS & CONSONANTS

What are vowels?

A,E,I,O,U

Why are vowels important?

Because they help in pronunciation of words.
Ex.
CAT - try pronouncing it without the vowel A

What are long and short vowels?

Short vowel sounds occur when the letter is not pronounced the way it sounds. Long
vowel sounds are created by placing two vowels together or ending the word with an 'E’.
CVC Words

What are CVC Words?

Words which are made up of Consonant - Vowel - Consonant.
Ex: C-A-T, B-E-D, C-U-P

Why are CVC words important?

Teaching CVC words introduces students to the magic of transforming simple sounds
into words and is an integral part of any pre-reading program. The goal is for students to
use their knowledge of individual letter sounds to blend those sounds together and
create a whole word, not just three individual sounds.

What are sight words?

Sight words are common words kids have to recognize instantly without sounding them
out. Recognizing words by sight helps kids become faster, more fluent readers. Many
sight words are tricky to read and spell — they aren't spelled the way they sound.

Give examples of 3-4 letter Sight words

Like, love, the, four, does, Who, what, there, their, etc.

TRICKY G & C

Soft G (Ja) – When we have ‘e, i, y’ after th letter G, it makes the soft sound. For eg. Gin,
Gem, Gym.

Exceptional egs – gift, gear, girl,etc as these words have Greek origin.

Hard G (Ga) – When we have ‘a, o, u’ after the letter G, it gives the hard sound. For eg.
Gum, glue, ghost, game.

Soft C (Sa) – When we have letters ‘i, e’ after the letter C, then it makes the soft C sound.
For eg. City, centre, Cinderella.

Hard C (Ka) – When we have ‘a, o, u’ after the letter C then it makes the hard C sound.
For eg. Coat, cat, cut.
2 VOWELS TOGETHER

When 2 vowels come together, the 2nd vowel gives its power to the 1st vowel & it becomes
silent giving the 1st vowel its long vowel sound.

Eg: nEAt algAE bEAd

hEAd is German Origin hence rule is not applicable.

Lead & Read has 2 sounds – The sound depends upon the situation of the sentence.

SILENT LETTERS

Silent b – When ‘b’ comes before ‘t’ & after ‘m’

(subtle, plumber, thumb, doubt, debt, tomb, climb, dumb)

Silent c – When in between ‘s’ & ‘i/e’ or with ‘k’

(Science, scissors, scene, duck, clock)

Silent d – When it comes before ‘n’ & ‘g’

(badge, grudge, Wednesday, handsome)

Silent g – When it comes before ‘n’

(Gnome, Design, Champagne, Cologne, Gnarl, Gnat, Foreign, Reign, Campaign, sign)

Silent h – When it comes after ‘w’ & before ‘o,e’

(what, when, hour, honour)
*Exceptional – Who, honey, heat

Silent k – When it comes before ‘n’

(Knife, Know, knuckle, knot, knack, knowledge, knit, knee, knob, knight, plough)

Silent l – When after any vowel

(calf, should, folk)

Silent n – when with ‘m’

(solemn, hymn)

Silent p – When it comes before ‘s,n,t’

(pneumonia, psychology, receipt, symptom)

Silent s – When in between ‘i & l’

(island, aisle)

Silent t – When in combination of following words

(Christmas, castle, listen, often, gourmet, ballet, chevrolet)
Silent u – When it cmes after ‘g’ & before a vowel
(guitar, guess, guide, guard)

Silent w – When it comes before ‘r’

(write, wrap, dowry, showroom, wreck)

PSEUDO VOWEL

The letter ‘y’ is also known as a Pseudo Vowel or a False vowel as it gives the sound of
various vowels

|y| - Yum, yak

|e| - happy, geography, happily
|i| - apply, style, gym, rhytm
|a| - Monday, yay, pay

Note:
When we have ‘s’ before ‘u’ it will be pronounced as ‘sh’
(tissue, sure, sugar, treasure)
*Exceptional – success, subject