ENGLISH POINTERS 2ND Qt

ELEMENTS OF A STORY
1. Characters- The people in the story, Protagonist and Antagonist, Main characters and Side.
2. Setting- The place and time the story occurs.
3. Plot- The sequence of events within the story.
4. Conflict- It is the struggle between 2 opposing forces in the story.
5. Climax- the highest point of tension in a storyline, often shown when the antag & protag confront.
6. Resolution- The conclusion of the story’s plot.

CHARLES DICKENS & VICTORIAN ERA

Charles Dickens- prolific and influential English writer who made significant contributions to literature
during the 19th century.
Born: February 17, 1812, (1812-1870) he died at 58 years old, June 9, 1870
Journalist turned famous english writer, One of his works was “A tale of 2 cities”
Victorian Era- Named after the queen of the time, queen Victoria, era lasted 1837 to 1901

COMPARE & CONTRAST

Compare- You are comparing the similarities.
Contrast- You are contrasting the differences.

VERBAL & NON-VERBAL

Verbal- Communication using your vocal chords to communicate to others.
Non-Verbal- Using signs, often hand gestures, to communicate to others.

ADVERBS
Adverbs of place-(where) Ex. Luis lives nowhere near Aiomie’s house.
Adverbs of manner-(How) Ex. Luis gives aiomie his pen gently.
Adverbs of time-(when) Ex. Luis will go on a date with aiomie tomorrow.
Adverbs of Frequency-(How often) Ex. Luis often talks to aiomie during break time.
Adverbs of degree-(level) Ex. Luis nearly fell on aiomie’s lap.

PROSE & POETRY

Prose- Literary writintgs that does not follow structures.
-Novel: 40,000 and more Words
-Novella: 13,000 to 39,999 Words
-Novelette: 7,500 to 12,999 Words
-Vignette: Small writings/passages

PRINT MEDIAS
1. Brochures- one page, folded promotional materials that contain summary of a product, service, etc.
2. Pamphlets- Promotional materials without any cover or binding that are composed of info on
items.
3. Periodicals- Serial publications that are printed on a regular basis (Comics, Manga, Manhwa, Etc.)
4. Audio-Video Recordings- Sound/Image recordings of events, speeches, performances, etc.
5. Billboards

DIPTHONGS
-Sound combinations made up of 2 vowels taken together,
Greek Word: Diph-Two, Thongs-sounds
Ex. Au-Ao-Town, Ia-Ih-Deer, Ai-ai-light, Ou-ou-slow

TAG QUESTIONS
-if sentence is positive, make answer negative, and vice versa
Ex. “David passed his science project, didn’t he?”, “You are the only exception, aren’t you?”
Nathan Josef D. Enriquez IX-Mozart
LINEAR & NON LINEAR TEXT
Linear-Text that must be read from top to bottom, Beginning to end.
Ex. Novels, Manga, Comics, Instructional Materials/
Non- Linear Text- Complete opposite of Linear text.
Ex. Graphs like bubble graph and/or window graphs.

CULTURE, HISTORY, ENVIRONMENT

Culture- The collective knowledge, customs, characteristics, conventions, Traditions, Rituals, Art,
Cuisine, Etc.., Of a nation.
History- The culmination of the events in a nation’s past.
Environment- The combinations of natural, social, and cultural millions in a nation.

UTTERANCE & TYPES

Four Main Features of Utterances
1. Paralinguistic Features- Hand Gestures, What we do with friends
2. Prosodic Features- Our speech, Slow/Fast
3. Non-Fluency Features- Filler Words, uh and um
4. Supplementary Features- Only specific people know those specific words, ex. Gyat, Edging.
Utterances also have
Content level Feeling Level
High Lot of text Little text
Mid Mid Text Mid text
Low Little text Lot of text

LITERARY DEVICES
Alliteration- same intial sound is repeated in a series of words in a sentence
Ex. Teutonic ocean liner was an extremely exhilarating experience.
Assonance- Same vowel sound is repeated within a series of words in a sentence.
Ex. Let’s meet at Cafe Victoria on Hyde Street to beat the heat, it’s my treat.
Onomatopoeia- Words are created to imitate sounds of animals, machines, nature, and the like.
Ex. The clickety-clacking of the telegraph’s Morse key mirrored the hectic pace of Victorian life.

FIGURES OF SPEECH
Simile- As or Like
Metaphor- Direct Comparison, There is no “as” or “like”
Personification- Human Characteristics to non living things
Hyperbole- Exaggerated
Irony- Self Contradictory statements (A pilot who is afraid of heights)
Euphemism- sugarcoating/lessening the impact
Nathan Josef D. Enriquez IX-Mozart