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HUANG

Graphical solution of simultaneous equations, one linear and one quadratic

(1) The linear equation gives a straight line graph and the quadratic one gives a smooth curve.
(2) The solutions of the system are given by the coordinates of the points of intersection of the two graphs.
(3) The number of solutions may vary from none to two
Case 1: Two solutions
Case 2: One solution only
Case 3 : No real solutions

Case 3 Case 2 Case 1

Algebraic solution of simultaneous equations, one linear and one quadratic

(1) The method of substitution is used.

Either or , whichever is more convenient, is substituted from the linear equation into the equation.
The values obtained are substituted back into the linear equation to find the other unknown.
(2) The number of solutions may vary from none to two
Case 1: Two solutions
Case 2: One solution only
Case 3 : No real solutions
These cases may be distinguished by the discriminant of the resulting quadratic equation in
( or in ) after substitution.

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Solving quadratic equations using a given quadratic graph

Given the graph of

To solve ---(*)

Rearrange (*) so that it becomes

Draw the line

Then the -coordinates of the points of intersection of the line with the given graph are the roots of (*)

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E.g.1
Solve the simultaneous equations

From (1) ---(3)

Substitute this expression for in (2)

or
Substitute these values for in (3)
When ,

When ,

the solutions are and

E.g.2
Solve the simultaneous equations

From (1) ---(3)

Substitute (3) for in (2)

or
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Substitute these values for in (3)

When ,
When ,

the solutions are and

E.g.3
Show that the following system of simultaneous equations has no real solution

From (1) ---(3)

Substitute (3) for in (2)

全式倍大 4 倍

---(*)

there is no real root for equation (*)

Hence the system has no real solution

E.g.4
Find the value(s) of if the simultaneous equations has only one solution

Substitute (2) for in (1)

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the simultaneous equations has only one solution

i.e.

or

E.g.5
Given the graph of , solve by adding in suitable straight lines

This leads to

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At the points of intersection, and , and

the roots of are and

E.g.6
The perimeter of a rectangular platform is m. If the longer side is decreased by m and the shorter

side by m, the area of the platform becomes that of the original area. Find the original dimensions of
the platform.

Let m and m be the lengths of the shorter side and the longer side respectively
Given ---(1)

---(2)
From (1) ---(3)

From (2)

---(4)

Substitute (3) for in (4)

or
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When ,

When ,

Both sets of solutions are valid.

the original dimensions of the platform may be either m m or m m

E.g.7
Consider two natural numbers, each of which consists of digits. Each number is obtained from the other
by reversing its digits. If the sum and the product of the two numbers are and respectively, find
the numbers.

Let and be the digits in the ten’s place and the units’ place respectively for the first number.
Given Sum

---(1)

Product

---(2)

From (1) ---(3)

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substitute (3) for in (2)

or
When ,

When ,

Both sets of solutions give the same pair of numbers

the two numbers are and

E.g.8

The sum of Peter’s age and his father’s is . The sum of the reciprocals of their ages is . Find their
ages.

Let and be the age of Peter and his father respectively

Given ---(1)

---(2)

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From (1) ---(3)

substitute (3) for in (2)

or (rejected)

When ,

Peter is years old and his father is years old

E.g.9
The length of the diagonal of a rectangle is . If its area is , find its dimensions.

Let and be the length and width of the rectangle respectively

Given ---(1)

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---(2)

From (1) ---(3)

substitute (3) for in (2)

Let

or

For , or (rejected)
For , or (rejected)

When ,

When ,

Both sets of solutions give the same rectangle

the dimensions of the rectangle is m m

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E.g.10
The total surface area of a solid cylinder will remain the same if the radius is increased by cm and the
height is decreased by cm. If the radius is doubled and the height remains the same, the total surface
area will be increased by . Find the height and radius of the solid cylinder.

Let and be the height and radius of the solid cylinder respectively
Given

---(1)

---(2)

From (1) ---(3)

substitute (3) for in (2)

or (rejected)
When ,
the height and radius of the solid cylinder are cm and cm respectively

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E.g.11
The figure show the graphs of the equations and . The curve cuts the

-axis at and and cuts the -axis at . and are the points of intersection of the curve and the

straight line.
(a) Find the values of , and

(b) Solve the simultaneous equations

-2 3

(a)

-intercept: Substitute

Let

Substitute into the equation , we got

Sum of roots: ---(*)

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Product of roots:
Substitute into (*) , we got
, and

(b)

From (2) ---(3)

Substitute (3) for in (1)

or
Substitute these values for in (3)

When ,

When ,

the solutions are and

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E.g.12
In the Figure, is the origin. The curve (where is a constant) intersects the line

at the points and . is the mid-point of .

(a) Write down a quadratic equation in such that and are its roots.

(b) By considering the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation obtained in (a), find
(i) the coordinates of
(ii) in terms of
(c) Another curve (where and are constants) passes through the origin and the

point
(i) Find the values of and
(ii) If is the mid-point of , find

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(a)

substitute (3) for in (2)

which roots are and

(b)

Sum of roots:

Product of roots

(i)
As lies on the line ,
Substitute into , we got

(ii) As and lie on the , so and

(c) (i)

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Substitute into the equation, we got

Substitute and into the equation, we got

(ii) If is the mid-point of , then

As , so

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