Ṭawng ziek thukhawchâng

By R. Wilson Joute
New Delhi, 24.02.2024

Tuta kar Thawṭan le Thawlen ni khan Sinleng News gurup kha ṭawng ziek dân
kawnga a hawt khawp el a. Ka lo inhnikna zawng ani leiin message hai hmai
nei der lo in ka lo tiem thlâk peia, a kar leh kan nui vak, awm tak tak inchik
tlâk tam tak hril in a um bawk. Hi ṭum chau lo khawm, Delhi ka chuongkai
hnung le Sinleng News gurup a lâklut ka ni hnung hin vawitam tak ṭawng ziek
dân, a bîkin Ṭ le Tr, Aw le O, ziek kawp le ziek ṭhe ding, a thlûk sei a thlûk
tawi thu hai hi chai a lo hlaw rawp ta hlak. Ei mithiem le ziekmi hai khawma
hi chûngchang hi sui le ziekin scholar paper le artikul tamtak insuo a lo ni ta
bawk. Mithiem tamtak laia chu equation a zuonglut phak ding ziezâng ka ni
nawh. Hi artikul hin ngaituona lengvâk le dawnkhawl ṭhenkhat hai hmer bîk
nei der lo in hei tuihni khat ei tih. Awle, a bѐbawma hun hmang sei lo in ei
thupuia hei lut chawt el ei tih.

Hmar hming hung suok dân:

Ei pi le pu hai kha Kawlphai (Hrangchhuana, Hmar History, 1987 p.29) a
inthawka Mizoram an hung thlangthlâk hlim lai khan a pahnam bing peia
khawsât in, Champhai le a sevêl lai sawn an inzar pheia, an pahnam hming
peia inko an nia, Hmar hming a la pieng nawh. Chuong hai chu Mizorama
inthawk hmar tieng pan a fe pawl ha’n hnam hminga (Seminar, Hmar Ṭobul
Seminar 2004) an hung put pei ta ni dinga hril a nih. Hmar hming lekhabuah a
chuong na hmasatak chu 1904 (Seminar, Hmar Ṭobul Seminar 2004) a insuo
G.A. Grierson in a ziek, Linguistic Survey of India, Vol III, Part III p.256 a mi
kha a nih. Chu hnunga Lt. Col. J.Shakespear a lekhabu siem 1912 a insuo ‘The
Lushei-Kuki Clans’ a inchuon kha a vawihnina a nih. Chuleiin Hmar hming ei
hung put ṭanna hi la sawt raklo ni’n a’nlang.

Hmar Ṭawng hung suok dân:

Hmar ṭawng hi 1800 hnunga Hmar pahnam hrang hrang ṭawng le Dulien ṭawng
inkawpa hung insiem (Keivom, Ṭawng Hmasawn Dân 2010), Hmar hnathlâk
lo thlangthla hmasa ha’n ‘Khawsak’ (Infimate 2022) ṭawng tia an ko tung pei
ni dinga hril a nih. Ziek le tiem ei hung nei theina lem hi chu histawri tefung a
te lem chun zani (Keivom 2009) lai chau a la nih. Mizoram missionary hmasa
tak FW Savidge (Sâp Upa) le JH Lorraine (Pu Buonga) ha’n March, 1894 a
Huntarian System hmanga an buoisai (Keivom, June 24, 2010) a nia, 1901
khan suk phuisui met in tuta ei hawrawp hmang mek lâi hi an buotsai tah a nih.

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 Hawrawppui

A AW B CH D E F G NG
H I J K L M N O P
R S T Ṭ U V Z

1910 Senvon khuo a Chanchinṭha a hung lut hnung Christianity sukdarna le

inchûktirna hmangruo dinga hmang tung in ei ṭawng hin hma a hung sawn pei
ta a nih. Chanchinṭha Marka bumal Rev. F.J Sandey le a nuhmei inrawina
hnuoia Pu Thanga le Thangkhuphai le inthlawpa 1914 a an siem, Chanchinṭa
Marka Bumal Baibul Society’n 1920 a sut kha Hmar ṭawng zieka ei nei
hmasatakna a nih (History of Hmar Literature p-163). Chu hnung 1923 khan
Pastor Thangngur le mi dang dang hla hai keikhawma Independent Kohran
Hlabua sut kha Hmar ṭawnga hlabu ei nei hmasatak nia hriet a nih. HLS ha’n
ei A, AW, B hmanga Hmar ṭawng ziek dân standard pângngâi (Hmar Grammar)
an mi siem pêk le ei hmang mêk hi ziek dân indiktak a nih tia thangtharhai
inchûktir, sukhmasawn le humhal hi mitin mawphurna a nih.

Eini rawi hi hnam dang hai awpna hnuoia chu fel le thu awi thei si, mani chipui
le hriet hlak hai awpna le rorelna hnuoia um char hin sawisêl le rêl ei chîng
vieu. Hi mizie hi mani insûngkhura inhrosa raka tuolpara chu ui hmur vuok
ang el a inkhupduou leh angkhat char a nih. Ṭawng ziek dân thua khawm hin
a hnam huop a literechar thuoitu le kawt mi hawngpêktu hai zui le thlawp ta
nêka an ni nêkin ka hriet lem ti ni awm fahran a ѐsel khum ei chîng. Tlîrna sîr
tin a’nthawka thlîr chun thumal ziek dân hi awm le indiktak ni awm hlie hlie
vawng an nih. Entirna tlawmte hei bie vak ei tih.

Ṭ le Tr:
Ei Baibul DV le BFW a hai Ṭ ai in Tr hmang a nia, mi ṭhenkhat in hi hi ei zui
bawk. Ṭ ai in Tr ei hmang ding chun Ṭ = Tr tina le an tluk char a nia, ziek kawp
ding ni awmtak a nih. Amiruokchu, Tr hin Ṭ hmun hi a hluo zo thei tak tak
nawh. Entirna’n; Ṭawng ti hi Trawng ei ziek thei a, Ṭingṭang ti hi Tringtrang
ei ziek thei bawk. Ṭ = Tr a ni si chun Ṭhangpui ti hi Trhangpui ziek a ngai ding
ana, chuong ang bawkin ‘Ṭha’ ti hi ‘Trha’ tia ziek ngai a tih. Chuleiin, Tr hin
Ṭ hi a thlâk thei naw a, Ṭ ai a Tr ei hmang vet hi a’ndikzozân naw a hawi.

Aw le O:
Hi chungthua hin ngaidân tamtak ârpui mei anga inchenlo ṭhûm in ei um tawl
ring a um. Ei mithiem hmasa le ziekmi ha’n ei Baibul a hai an mi lo hlulût
pêka, mi tamtakin dâwn mahliek lovin ei pawma, a pawmlo pawl ei um bawk.
Hi thua ngaidân hril ding chun chil inhnâk raka hril thei ei tam. Ziek meuha

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hrilfiena khawm a lo um nuol ta bawk. ‘Aw’ hi ‘O’ a thlâk vawng ei tum chun
‘Bawngkawn’ ziekna dinga ‘Bongkon’, Khawbung ziekna dinga ‘Khobung’
ziek a ngai ding a na, ei hril tum Hmar ṭawnga lamrîk dân chun an dik thei
nawh. ‘Aw’ hi a thlûk sei ta sa reng a nia, ‘O’ ruok hi chu a thlûk tawi tia hril
a nia, amiruokchu, ei thumal(alphabet) lamrîk dân hin ‘Aw’ le ‘O’ hi an ri an
ang der nawh. Mi ṭhenkhat in hnam dang ha’n ei ṭawng a ri indiktaka an hung
tiem thei dân dinga thleng a nih an ti nasantak hi ka pawphak naw lei am, ka
man fuk nawh. Ei ṭawng an thiem nuom chun ei lamrîk dân khawm an inchûk
ve el ding ni awm tak a nih. ‘Mawi’ ti ai a ‘Moi’, ‘Vawm’ ti ai a, ‘Vom’,
‘Rawngbawl’ ti ai a ‘Rongbol’ zuk ti hin iem a hnawksak in a sukzângkhai
duokna ka hriet nawh. Sâp ṭawng khawm ei thiem nuoma, a thumal in ang char,
a hmangna izir in a kawk a dang dei thei ang bawk hin ‘Aw’ le ‘O’ khawm hi
thumal a kâwk le umzie izira hmang ni lem ding ni sien a awm. ‘Aw’ umna
taphawta ‘O’ a va thlâkthleng vawng na dingsan hi a san mumal tak um in a’n
lang nawh. Ei buoina hi Hmar ṭawng ni si Sâp ṭawng ziek anga ziek phêt phêt
ei tum lei nisien a hawi.

Hieng hai bâka hin ei ṭawng buorbâng zie tarlangna di’n ziek ding tam tak a
um. Ei ṭawng siemṭhat le suk hmasawn a ṭulzie a hmawrbawk khawm ei la hril
lût phak nawh. Ei innghâisan tak, ‘Hmar Grammar’ hlaka ziekdik dân fumfe
deu in a mi hril pêk si nawh, a buoi tam awm hrim ei nih.

Ṭawng ziek thua hin hrui khata mi ṭhuikhawma, ruom khat a mi khalkhawm le
tlâng khata mi ṭhuoikâi thei tu ding chu HLS (Hmar Literature Society) suk
phuisui a nih. Ei ṭhuoituhai in a hnam huopa hmang dinga an induong chu Isak
in a pa Abraham a ring anga ei ring ngam ve tawp a ṭul. A ieng ieng hma a lo
sawisel nghal khan an hmalâkna a sukbuoi. Kil khata mi pakhat ṭhahnem
ngaiin a lo va khêkpui rak rak hin ârbawm inkuina chen khawm ami fen phak
ring a um nawh. Awfisar le Sikawlar ni lei el a mi nêka va hriet rawn bîkna
ding san a um nawa, a tiem rawn rawn le an chûk rawn rawn hai a hre rawn an
ni chawk hlak. Ei ngam zawng deu hai thil hril thlawp ta neka kal phêt le indik
lem ni phêt phêt tumna lungril hi lungril piengsuol, ei ṭhangmawbawk,
hmasâwnlo mizie pakhat a nih. Hmailekhabu (Facebook) guprup pakhat ka
ṭhangna a lem chu indik lem nuom in an tuolthu a sie naw chau a nih.

HLS Manipur region hmalâkna in Manipu University hnuoia degree level

chena Hmar MIL (Major Indian Language) sabzek pakhata inchûk thei dingin
2002 khan a hung um ṭan a. Assam University hnuoia khawm HLS Assam
region hai hmalakna zarin Degree level chen inchûk thei dingin 2010-11
session a inthawk khan phal pêk ei ni tah a, chun 2011-2012 a inthawk khan
Assam TET (Teachers Eligibility Test) Lower Primary le Upper Primary exam

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a Language 1 Paper-1 a hai khawm Hmar MIL option a thlang thei a hung ni
tah pei hi lawm a um takzet. Mizorama Primary level pawl I – V chen Hmar
ṭawng medium of instruction in 2022-23 session khan Sinlung Hills
Development Council huom sunga hmang ṭan a lo ni tah (Virthli, 5th July,
2021). Tukum 8th January 2024 khan Hmar Ṭawng hi Major Language dingin
Mizoram sorkar in a lo pawm ta bawka, Upper Primary Sikul le High Sikul
chena haia inchûk thei ani vat ei beisei. Degree level chena inchûk theina
Manipur State le Assam State ah hai ei hung nei ta a, dam te’n chawllo in saipui
lam lawn angin hma ei sawn det det pei ti sukchiengtu a nih. Hieng anga
Primary a inthawka Degree level chen inchûk thei ding a um hin ei sabzekbu,
inchuklaibu hai le ṭawng ziek dân mulmal deu le changtlung tawka siem vat a
pawimaw takzet.

May 13, 2014 a Virthli a kâpkâi dungzui chun Hmar ṭawnga lekhabu ziektu
(authors) hi mi 163 ei tling ṭawk a, 2014 hnung ting hin iengzât tak am an lo
um ta ding. Hi source a hin ziekhmai an lo um khawma Hmar ṭawnga ziekmi
hi mi 200 vel bâk ei la ni hmel nawh. Statistic source dang dang a inthawka
hisap in Hmar ṭawnga ziek lekhabu hi 700 (Lalthankunga, Ṭawng Humhal,
2014) khawm ei nei tling ring a um nawh. Chun, lekhabu sut le insuo tamtak
hai hi sakhuona le inkaihnawi thil a tam lem deuthaw a nih. HLS hai siem
Hmar Grammar insuo nuhnung tak (2014) khawm kha copy 1500 vel chau sut
le zawr suok a nia, Hmar hnam umna taphawt In tina bukhat bek nei awm tak
ni si, a hnam pum a ding chun sut zat hi insit a um hle. Hi hin mani tawnga
lekhabu siem reng reng hai ei ngaihlut tawknaw zie a suklang. Ei tiem naw
ding khawma mani tawnga inziek lekhabu hai hi chu tlawmngâia inchawk bêk
ei insukhmu a ṭul.

A chunga ei hril khi hei hril sei met inla. Hieng ei lekhabu neisun hai hi mi
tlâwmte chau hmu phak le tiem phak in a uma, chuonghai laia hmang ṭangkai
tu po chu la tlawm nawk zuol hlêng an tih. Kil khata ṭawng lo inchûk nuom,
inchûkna ding lekhabu nei si lo ha’n ṭawng inchûkna di’n Baibul (BSI, BFW,
DV) ei hei phawk el hlak hi chu thlasiet tieng a thawk ṭêp hlak. Hi hi resource
ei nei ṭhat tawk naw lei a nih. Hieng hai ta ding hin ei lekhabu neisun hai po
bek hi digitizea, a nuom taphawt hai tiem thei dingin dawkân buoitsai a
pawimaw.

A tawptaka chun, ei ṭawng hi zani lai chaua pieng, naute ṭhangduong lai, duot
taka chawm le enkawl ngai a nih. Chun, ṭawng siemṭhat, pei le belsa, le thumal
thar sersuokna kawnga ei fleksibul a ṭul. Hi kawnga hin literechar tinga mi
ṭhuoitu, HLS sukhmasawn a, an hmalâkna hai ei thlawp le zui a pawimaw hle.
Hmar ṭawng tiem le ziekna kawnga nasa taka ei insukhmu a ṭul hle a, ṭhangthar

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hai kuoma ṭawng inchûk nuomna lungril ei tu hmaksak a pawimaw. Ei lekhabu
neisun hai hi hmawn hmangna pilvuta an mi kir pek hma ngeia digitizea,
vawngṭhat an ṭul hle. Hieng hai hi hnam DNA, a khawhnunga ei nunphung mi
la hriltu ding, hnam ro an nih.

References:
[1]. L. Keivom article ‘Ṭawng Hmasawn Dân’, 2010
[2]. Marina Laltlingzo Infimate, ‘Languages and Peoples of the Eastern
Himalayan Region (LPEHR)’, Himalayan Linguistics Vol 21(2)
[3]. Hmar Ṭobul Seminar Hmasatak, 2004, Nuhmei Megazine Editorial
Board, Churachandpur.
[4]. H.B. Hrangchhuana, ‘Hmar History’ p. 29, HSA Jt Hq., Aizawl, 1987.
[5]. Margaret L. Khawbung, ‘Introduction to the Origin of Hmar’,
International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies
(IJIRAS), Vol.6 Issue 9, Sept.2019.
[6]. Lalthankunga Hmar, ‘Ṭawng Humhal’, Hmar Literature Society Joint
Conference, 18-19 November, 2014, Virthli Nov.21, 2014.