Biology 2019

1.The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called

(1) to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming
(2) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits
(3) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species
(4) for immediate steps to discontinue use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer

2. Colostrum the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation
is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infants because it contains :
(1) Natural killer cells
(2) Monocytes
(3) Macrophages
(4) Immunoglobulin A

3. Grass leaves curl inwards during very dry weather. Select the most appropriate
reason from the following :
(1) Closure of stomata
(2) Flaccidity of bulliform cells
(3) Shrinkage of air spaces in spongy mesophyll
(4) Tyloses in vessels

4. The shorter and longer arms of a submetacentric chromosome are referred to

as
(1) s-arm and l-arm respectively
(2) p-arm and q-arm respectively
(3) q-arm and p-arm respectively
(4) m-arm and n-arm respectively

5. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value of tripalmitin is

(1) 0.9
(2) 0.7
(3) 0.07
(4) 0.09

6. Which of the following is a commercial blood cholesterol lowering agent?

(1) Cyclosporin A
(2) Statin
(3) Streptokinase
(4) Lipases

7. Match the following structures with their respective location in organs

(a) Crypts of Lieberkuhn (i) Pancreas
(b) Glisson's Capsule (ii) Duodenum
(c) Islets of Langerhans (iii) Small intestine
(d) Brunner's Glands (iv) Liver
Select the correct option from the following
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(2) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(4) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

8. Which of the following is the most important cause for animals and plants being
driven to extinction?
(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(2) Drought and floods
(3) Economic exploitation
(4) Alien species invasion

9. Which part of the brain is responsible for thermoregulation?

(1) Cerebrum
(2) Hypothalamus
(3) Corpus callosum
(4) Medulla oblongata

10. Consider following features

(a) Organ system level of organisation
(b) Bilateral symmetry
(c) True coelomates with segmentation of body

Select the correct option of animal groups.

which possess all the above characteristics

(1) Annelida, Arthropoda and Chordata
(2) Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca
(3) Arthropoda, Mollusca and Chordata
(4) Annelida, Mollusca and Chordata

11. Select the correct sequence of organs in the alimentary canal of cockroach starting
from mouth
(1) Pharynx → Oesophagus →Crop → Gizzard→ Ileum → Colon → Rectum
(2) Pharynx → Oesophagus → Gizzard → Crop → Ileum → Colon→ Rectum
(3) Pharynx → Oesophagus → Gizzard → Ileum → Crop → Colon → Rectum
(4) Pharynx → Oesophagus → Ileum → Crop → Gizzard → Colon → Rectum

12. Which of the following pairs of gases is mainly responsible for green house effect?
(1) Ozone and Ammonia
(2) Oxygen and Nitrogen
(3) Nitrogen and Sulphur dioxide
(4) Carbon dioxide and Methane

13. Which of the following muscular disorders is inherited?

(1) Tetany
(2) Muscular dystrophy
(3) Myasthenia gravis
(4) Botulism

14. The ciliated epithelial cells are required to move particles or mucus in a specific
direction. In humans, these cells are mainly present in
(1) Bile duct and Bronchioles
(2) Fallopian tubes and Pancreatic duct
(3) Eustachian tube and Salivary duct
(4) Bronchioles and Fallopian tubes

15 Match the Column-I with Column-II

Column-I Column-II
(a) P - wave (i) Depolarisation of ventricles
(b) QRS complex (ii) Repolarisation of ventricles
(c) T - wave (iii)Coronary ischemia
(d) Reduction in the (iv) Depolarisation of atira
size of T-wave (v) Repolarisation of atria

Select the correct option.

(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(2) (iv) (i) (ii) (v)
(3) (ii) (i) (v) (iii)
(4) (ii) (iii) (v) (iv)

16 Which one of the following is not a method in situ conservation of biodiversity?

(1) Biosphere Reserve
(2) Wildlife Sanctuary
(3) Botanical Garden
(4) Sacred Grove

17. In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from 2 to 5 kg. 97% of the newborn
with an average weight between 3 to 3.3 kg survive whereas 99% of the infants born
with weight from 2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 kg die. Which type of selection process is
taking place?
(1) Directional Selection
(2) Stabilizing Selection
(3) Disruptive Selection
(4) Cyclical Selection

18. The correct sequence of phases of cell cycle is :

(1) M → G1→ G2 → S
(2) G1 → G2 → S → M
(3) S → G1 → G2 → M
(4) G1 → S → G2 → M

19. How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities?

(1) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane
(2) Binding to DNA and forming a genehormone complex
(3) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane
(4) Using aquaporin channels as second messenger

20. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(1) Lysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes
(2) The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are active under acidic pH
(3) Lysosomes are membrane bound structures
(4) Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum

21. Which one of the following statements regarding post-fertilization development in

flowering plants is incorrect?
(1) Ovary develops into fruit
(2) Zygote develops into embryo
(3) Central cell develops into endosperm
(4) Ovules develop into embryo sac

22. Concanavalin A is
(1) an alkaloid
(2) an essential oil
(3) a lectin
(4) a pigment

23. Which one of the following equipments is essentially required for growing microbes
on a large scale, for industrial production of enzymes?
(1) BOD incubator
(2) Sludge digester
(3) Industrial oven
(4) Bioreactor

24. Consider the following statement :

(A) Coenzyme or metal ion that is tightly bound to enzyme protein is called prosthetic
group.
(B) A complete catalytic active enzyme with its bound prosthetic group is called
apoenzyme.
Select the correct option.
(1) Both (A) and (B) are true.
(2) (A) is true but (B) is false.
(3) Both (A) and (B) are false.
(4) (A) is false but (B) is true.

25. Purines found both in DNA and RNA are

(1) Adenine and thymine
(2) Adenine and guanine
(3) Guanine and cytosine
(4) Cytosine and thymine

26. Select the correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive
system.
(1) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia → Rete testis → Inguinal canal → Urethra
(2) Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis →Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas
deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus
(3) Seminiferous tubules → Vasa efferentia →Epididymis → Inguinal canal → Urethra
(4) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia →Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct →
Inguinal canal → Urethra → Urethral meatus

27. Match the hominids with their correct brain size :

(a) Homo habilis (i) 900 cc
(b) Homo neanderthalensis (ii) 1350 cc
(c) Homo erectus (iii) 650-800 cc
(d) Homo sapiens (iv) 1400 cc
Select the correct option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(2) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(4) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

28. Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries are

(1) random and directional
(2) random and directionless
(3) small and directional
(4) small and directionless

29. Which of the following pair of organelles does not contain DNA?
(1) Mitochondria and Lysosomes
(2) Chloroplast and Vacuoles
(3) Lysosomes and Vacuoles
(4) Nuclear envelope and Mitochondria

30. Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas
are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to
(1) benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity
(2) inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
(3) proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of the alveolar walls
(4) reduction in the secretion of surfactants by pneumocytes.

31. Select the incorrect statement.

(1) Male fruit fly is heterogametic
(2) In male grasshoppers 50% of sperms have no sex-chromosome
(3) In domesticated fowls, sex of progeny depends on the type of sperm rather than egg
(4) Human males have one of their sexchromosome much shorter than the other

32. DNA precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment

with
(1) Isopropanol
(2) Chilled ethanol
(3) Methanol at room temperature
(4) Chilled chloroform

33. Select the correct group of biocontrol agents.

(1) Bacillus thuringiensis, Tobacco mosaic virus, Aphids
(2) Trichoderma, Baculovirus, Bacillus thuringiensis
(3) Oscillatoria, Rhizobium, Trichoderma
(4) Nostoc, Azospirillium, Nucleopolyhedrovirus

34. Select the incorrect statement.

(1) Inbreeding increases homozygosity
(2) Inbreeding is essential to evolve purelines in any animal.
(3) Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity
(4) Inbreeding helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of undesirable
genes.

35.Match the following organisms with the products they produce

(a) Lactobacillus (i) Cheese
(b) Saccharomyces (ii) Curd cerevisiae
(c) Aspergillus niger (iii)Citric Acid
(d) Acetobacter aceti (iv) Bread
(v) Acetic Acid
Select the correct option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (ii) (iv) (v) (iii)
(2) (ii) (iv) (iii) (v)
(3) (iii) (iv) (v) (i)
(4) (ii) (i) (iii) (v)

36. What is the direction of movement of sugars in phloem?

(1) Non-multidirectional
(2) Upward
(3) Downward
(4) Bi-directional

37. In some plants, the female gamete develops into embryo without fertilization. This
phenomenon is known as
(1) Autogamy
(2) Parthenocarpy
(3) Syngamy
(4) Parthenogenesis

38. Persistent nucellus in the seed is known as

(1) Chalaza
(2) Perisperm
(3) Hilum
(4) Tegmen

39. What map unit (Centimorgan) is adopted in the construction of genetic maps?
(1) A unit of distance between two expressed genes representing 10% cross over.
(2) A unit of distance between two expressed genes representing 100% cross over.
(3) A unit of distance between genes on chromosomes, representing 1% cross
over.
(4) A unit of distance between genes on chromosomes, representing 50% cross
over.

40. What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5 L, blood volume
in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole
is 50 mL?
(1) 50 beats per minute
(2) 75 beats per minute
(3) 100 beats per minute
(4) 125 beats per minute

41. Thiobacillus is a group of bacteria helpful in carrying out

(1) Nitrogen fixation
(2) Chemoautotrophic fixation
(3) Nitrification
(4) Denitrification

42. Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated
urine?
(1) Low levels of antidiuretic hormone
(2) Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
(3) Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex
(4) Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular Filtration

43. Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect?

(1) Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats and
proteins.
(2) Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane.
(3) Inner membrane is convoluted with infoldings.
(4) Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes.

44. Xylem translocates.

(1) Water only
(2) Water and mineral salts only
(3) Water, mineral salts and some organic nitrogen only
(4) Water, mineral salts, some organic nitrogen and hormones

45. Cell in G0 phase :

(1) exit the cell cycle
(2) enter the cell cycle
(3) suspend the cell cycle
(4) terminate the cell cycle

46. Which of the statements given below is not true about formation of Annual Rings
in trees?
(1) Annual ring is a combination of spring wood and autumn wood produced in a
year
(2) Differential activity of cambium causes light and dark bands of tissue early and
late wood respectively.
(3) Activity of cambium depends upon variation in climate.
(4) Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate region.

47. Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally inverted?

(1) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
(2) Pyramid of energy
(3) Pyramid of biomass in a forest
(4) Pyramid of biomass in a sea
48. Placentation in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or in peripheral
part, is
(1) Basal
(2) Axile
(3) Parietal
(4) Free central

49. Which of the following protocols did aim for reducing emission of
chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere?
(1) Montreal Protocol
(2) Kyto Protocol
(3) Gothenburg Protocol
(4) Geneva Protocol

50. Which of the following contraceptive methods do involve a role of hormone?

(1) Lactational amenorrhea, Pills Emergency contraceptives.
(2) Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea, Pills.
(3) CuT, Pills, Emergency contraceptives.
(4) Pills, Emergency contraceptives, Barrier methods.

51. Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000
mL, respectively. What will be his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200
mL?
(1) 1500 mL
(2) 1700 mL
(3) 2200 mL
(4) 2700 mL

52. What is the fate of the male gametes discharged in the synergid?
(1) One fuses with egg other(s) degenerate(s) in the synergid.
(2) All fuse with the egg.
(3) One fuses with the egg, other(s) fuse(s) with synergid nucleus.
(4) One fuses with the egg and other fuses with central cell nuclei.

53. What is the site of perception of photoperiod necessary for induction of flowering in
plants?
(1) Lateral buds
(2) Pulvinus
(3) Shoot apex
(4) Leaves

54. Select the correctly written scientific name of Mango which was first described by
Carolus Linnaeus :
(1) Mangifera indica Car. Linn.
(2) Mangifera indica Linn.
(3) Mangifera indica
(4) Mangifera Indica

55. Following statements describe the characteristics of the enzyme Restriction

Endonuclease. Identify the incorrect statement.
(1) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified position within the DNA.
(2) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts only one of the two strands.
(3) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone at specific sites on each strand.
(4) The enzyme recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the
DNA.

56. From evolutionary point of view, retention of the female gametophyte with
developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in :
(1) Liverworts
(2) Mosses
(3) Pteridophytes
(4) Gymnosperms

57. In Antirrhinum (Snapdragon), a red flower was crossed with a white flower and in
F1 generation pink flowers were obtained. When pink flowers were selfed, the F2
generation showed white, red and pink flowers. Choose the incorrect statement from
the following :
(1) This experiment does not follow the Principle of Dominance.
(2) Pink colour in F1 is due to incomplete dominance.
2 1
(3) Ratio of F2 is ¼ (Red) : (Pink) : (white)
4 4
(4) Law of Segregation does not apply in this experiment

58. Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the first irreversible reaction of

glycolysis, is catalyzed by
(1) Aldolase
(2) Hexokinase
(3) Enolase
(4) Phosphofructokinase

59. Drug called ‘Heroin’ is synthesized by

(1) methylation of morphine
(2) acetylation of morphine
(3) glycosylation of morphine
(4) nitration of morphine

60. Select the hormone-releasing Intra-Uterine Devices.

(1) Vaults, LNG-20
(2) Multiload 375, Progestasert
(3) Progestasert, LNG-20
(4) Lippes Loop, Multiload 375

61. A gene locus has two alleles A, a. If the frequency of dominant allele A is 0.4, then
what will be the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous
recessive individuals in the population?
(1) 0.36(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.16(aa)
(2) 0.16(AA); 0.24(Aa); 0.36(aa)
(3) 0.16(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.36(aa)
(4) 0.16(AA); 0.36(Aa); 0.48(aa)

62. Which of the following is true for Golden rice?

(1) It is Vitamin A enriched, with a gene from daffodil
(2) It is pest resistant, with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis
(3) It is drought tolerant, developed using Agrobacterium vector
(4) It has yellow grains, because of a gene introduced from a primitive variety of rice

63. Pinus seed cannot germinate and established without fungal association. This is
because :
(1) its embryo is immature.
(2) it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.
(3) it has very hard seed coat.
(4) its seeds contain inhibitors that present germination.

64. Which of the following features of genetic code does allow bacteria to produce
human insulin by recombinant DNA technology?
(1) Genetic code is not ambiguous
(2) Genetic code is redundant
(3) Genetic code is nearly universal
(4) Genetic code is specific

65. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is not completely curable?
(1) Gonorrhoea
(2) Genital warts
(3) Genital herpes
(4) Chlamydiasis

66. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(1) Viroids lack a protein coat.
(2) Viruses are obligate parasites
(3) Infective constituent in viruses is the protein coat
(4) Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins

67. Match the following organisms with their respective characteristics :

(a) Pila (i) Flame cells
(b) Bombyx (ii) Comb plates
(c) Pleurobrachia (iii) Radula
(d) Taenia (iv) Malpighian tubules
Select the correct option from the following :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(2) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(3) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(4) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

68. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to :

(1) Genes expressed as RNA
(2) Polypeptide expression
(3) DNA polymorphism
(4) Novel DNA sequences

69.Which is of the following statements is incorrect?

(1) Morels and truffles are edible delicacies
(2) Claviceps is a source of many alkaloids and LSD
(3) Conidia are produced exogenously and ascospores endogenously.
(4) Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-like hyphae

70. Match Column - I Column - II

Column - I Column - II
(a) Saprophyte (i) Symbiotic association of fungi with plant roots
(b) Parasite (ii) Decomposition of dead organic materials
(c) Lichens (iii)Living on living plants or animals
(d) Mycorrhiza (iv) Symbiotic association of algae and fungi
Choose the correct answer from the option given below
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(3) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(4) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

71. Which of the following glucose transporters is insulin-dependent?

(1) GLUT I
(2) GLUT II
(3) GLUT III
(4) GLUT IV

72. Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney
graft?
(1) Auto-immune response
(2) Humoral immune response
(3) Inflammatory immune response
(4) Cell-mediated immune response

73. Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :

(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
(d) Reduced RBC production
Which of the following options is the most appropriate?
(1) (a) and (b) are correct
(2) (b) and (c) are correct
(3) (c) and (d) are correct
(4) (a) and (d) are correct

74. Which of the following statements is correct?

(1) Cornea is an external, transparent and protective proteinacious covering of the eye-
ball.
(2) Cornea consists of dense connective tissue of elastin and can repair itself.
(3) Cornea is convex, transparent layer which is highly vascularised.
(4) Cornea consists of dense matrix of collagen and is the most sensitive portion the
eye.

75. The frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a
measure of the distance between genes was explained by :
(1) T.H. Morgan
(2) Gregor J. Mendel
(3) Alfred Sturtevant
(4) Sutton Boveri

76. Match the following genes of the Lac operon with their respective products :
(a) i gene (i) β-galactosidase
(b) z gene (ii) Permease
(c) a gene (iii) Repressor
(d) y gene (iv) Transacetylase
Select the correct option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(2) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(3) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

77. It takes very long time for pineapple plants to produce flowers. Which combination
of hormones can be applied to artificially induce flowering in pineapple plants
throughout the year to increase yield?
(1) Auxin and Ethylene
(2) Gibberellin and Cytokinin
(3) Gibberellin and Abscisic acid
(4) Cytokinin and Abscisic acid

78. Identify the cells whose secretion protects the lining of gastro-intestinal tract from
various enzymes.
(1) Chief Cells
(2) Goblet Cells
(3) Oxyntic Cells
(4) Duodenal Cells

79. Which of the following can be used as a biocontrol agent in the treatment of plant
disease?
(1) Trichoderma
(2) Chlorella
(3) Anabaena
(4) Lactobacillus

80. Phloem in gymnosperms lacks :

(1) Albuminous cells and sieve cells
(2) Sieve tubes only
(3) Companion cells only
(4) Both sieve tubes and companion cells
81. Extrusion of second polar body from egg nucleus occurs :
(1) after entry of sperm but before fertilization
(2) after fertilization
(3) before entry of sperm into ovum
(4) simultaneously with first cleavage

82. Under which of the following conditions will there be no change in the reading
frame of following mRNA?
5’AACAGCGGUGCUAUU3’
(1) Insertion of G at 5th position
(2) Deletion of G from 5th position
(3) Insertion of A and G at 4th and 5th positions respectively
(4) Deletion of GGU from 7th, 8th and 9th positions

83 The concept of “Omnis cellula-e cellula” regarding cell division was first proposed
by
(1) Rudolf Virchow
(2) Theodor Schwann
(3) Schleiden
(4) Aristotle

84 What triggers activation of protoxin to active Bt toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in

boll worm?
(1) Body temperature
(2) Moist surface of midgut
(3) Alkaline pH of gut
(4) Acidic pH of stomach

85. Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the
confirmatory test for typhoid.
(1) Plasmodium vivax / UTI test
(2) Streptococcus pneumoniae / Widal test
(3) Salmonella typhi / Anthrone test
(4) Salmonella typhi / Widal test

86. What is the genetic disorder in which an individual has an overall masculine
development gynaecomastia, and is sterile ?
(1) Turner's syndrome
(2) Klinefelter's syndrome
(3) Edward syndrome
(4) Down's syndrome

87. Polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified plastic, has proved to be a good
material for
(1) Making plastic sacks
(2) Use as a fertilizer
(3) Construction of roads
(4) Making tubes and pipes
88. Which of these following methods is the most suitable for disposal of nuclear
waste?
(1) Shoot the waste into space
(2) Bury the waste under Antarctic ice-cover
(3) Dump the waste within rocks under deep ocean
(4) Bury the waste within rocks deep below the Earth's surface

89. Match the following hormones with the respective disease

(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre
(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (v) (i) (ii) (iii)
(2) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(3) (v) (iv) (i) (iii)
(4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

90. Select the correct option.

(1) 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum.
(2) 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline
cartilage.
(3) Each rib is a flat thin bone and all the ribs are connected dorsally to the thoracic
vertebrae and ventrally to the sternum.
(4) There are seven pairs of vertebrosternal, three pairs of vertebrochondral and two
pairs of vertebral ribs.
Answer key
Question Question Question
no answer no answer no answer
1 2 21 4 41 4
2 4 22 3 42 2
3 2 23 4 43 2
4 2 24 2 44 4
5 2 25 2 45 3
6 2 26 3 46 1
7 3 27 3 47 4
8 1 28 2 48 3
9 2 29 1 49 1
10 1 30 2 50 1
11 1 31 3 51 1
12 4 32 2 52 4
13 2 33 2 53 4
14 4 34 3 54 2
15 1 35 2 55 2
16 3 36 4 56 3
17 2 37 4 57 4
18 4 38 2 58 2
19 2 39 3 59 2
20 4 40 3 60 3

Question Question
no answer no answer
61 3 81 1
62 1 82 2
63 2 83 1
64 3 84 3
65 3 85 4
66 3 86 2
67 2 87 3
68 1 88 4
69 4 89 3
70 4 90 4
71 4
72 4
73 3
74 4
75 3
76 3
77 1
78 2
79 1
80 4
Solution

1(2)
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also
known as the 'Earth Summit', was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3-14 June
1992.
The Summit called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of
biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits.

2 (4)
Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of
mucous membranes. The amount of IgA produced in association with mucosal
membranes is greater than all other types of antibody combined.

3 (2)
Grass leaves curl inwards during very dry weather because of the flaccidity of
bulliform cells.
Bulliform cells or motor cells are large, bubble-shaped epidermal cells that occur
in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many monocots. These cells are
present on the upper surface of the leaf.
Bulliform cells become flaccid due to water loss. This will make the leaves to curl
inward to minimise water loss.

4 (2)
submetacentric chromosomes. A chromosome with a centromere located sub-median
resulting in slightly unequal length of chromosomal arms. Supplement. The
centromere is the dense, constricted region in a chromosome.
Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the
chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled
the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.

5(2)
Amount of released
Respiratory Quotient =
Amount of consumned

2(C15H98O6)+145O2→102CO2+98H2O+ Energy
102CO 2
RQ =
145CO 2
= 0.7

Respiratory quotient, also known as the respiratory ratio (RQ), is defined as the
volume of carbon dioxide released over the volume of oxygen absorbed
during respiration. It is a dimensionless number used in a calculation for basal
metabolic rate when estimated from carbon dioxide production to oxygen absorption.

6 (2)
Statins are a class of drugs often prescribed by doctors to help lower cholesterol levels
in the blood. Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of
lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high
risk of cardiovascular disease.

7(3)
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in small intestine. Glisson's capsule is present in
liver.
Islets of langerhans constitutes the endocrine portion of pancreas. Brunner's glands
are found in submucosa of duodenum.

8 (1)
Habitat loss and Fragmentation limits wildlife mobility. Individuals struggle to move
between habitat patches, which can lead to inbreeding and a loss of genetic diversity.
This reduces the long-term health of a population, making it more vulnerable to
disease and at greater risk of extinction.

9 (2)
The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei
with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of
the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the
pituitary gland.

10 (1)
Annelida, Arthropoda and Chordata

11 (1)
Pharynx → Oesophagus →Crop → Gizzard→ Ileum → Colon → Rectum

12 (4)
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere
warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this
atmosphere.
contribution of various greenhouse gases to total global warming is
CO2 =60%
CH4=20%
CFC=14%
N2O=6%

13 (2)
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that damage and weaken
your muscles over time. This damage and weakness is due to the lack of a protein
called dystrophin, which is necessary for normal muscle function.

14 (4)
The inner surface of bronchioles and Fallopian tubes possess ciliated epithelium. In
the respiratory tract cilia help to push mucus towards the pharynx.

15 (1)
In ECG P-wave represents depolarisation of atria. QRS complex represents
depolarisation of ventricles. T-wave represents repolarisation of ventricle i.e., return
from excited to normal state. Reduction in the size of T-wave i.e., if the T-wave
represents insufficient supply of oxygen i.e., coronary ischemia.

16 (3)
In-situ conservation aims to enable biodiversity to maintain itself within the context of
the ecosystem in which it is found. In-situ management approaches can either be
targeted at populations of selected species (species-centred) or whole ecosystems
(ecosystem-based).
Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions
to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are
internationally recognized, nominated by national governments and remain under
sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located.
The wildlife sanctuaries are established to protect the endangered species. It is in situ
conservation of biodiversity.
A botanical garden is a controlled and staffed institution for the maintenance of a
living collection of plants under scientific management for purposes of education and
research, together with such libraries, herbaria, laboratories, and museums as are
essential to its particular undertakings. Botanic gardens conserve plant diversity ex
situ and can prevent extinction through integrated conservation action.
Sacred groves are the smaller areas of religious belief where a particular plant species
is grown and is considered sacred. Having religious content, these plants species are
protected from the local communities and thereby helps in the conservation of the
species.

17 (2)
Stabilizing selection is a descriptive term for what happens to an individual trait when
the extremes of the trait are selected against. This increases the frequency of the trait
in the population, and the alleles and genes which help form it stabilizing selection as
most of the newborn having average weight between 3 to 3.3 kg survive and babies with
less and more weight have a low survival rate.

18 (4)
The cell cycle is a four-stage process in which the cell increases in size (gap 1, or G1,
stage), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S, stage), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2, stage),
and divides (mitosis, or M, stage).
The stages G1, S, and G2 make up interphase, which accounts for the span
between cell divisions.

19 (2)
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones directly enter
into the cell and bind with intracellular receptors in nucleus to form hormone receptor
complex.

20 (4)
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive
enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess
or worn-out cell parts. Lysosomes bud off from trans face to Golgi bodies.Precursor of
lysosomal enzymes are synthesized by RER and then send to Golgi bodies for further
processing.
21 (4)
after the double fertilization, the flower begins to lose its shine. The major events in
post-fertilisation of a flower include development of endosperm and embryo,
maturation of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruit.

22 (3)
Concanvalin A delayed regeneration and resulted in a abnormal. Amoirphous wall that
was not readily digestible with gamete lytic enzyme.

23 (4)
A bioreactor refers to any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically
active environment. Used in industrial processes to produce pharmaceuticals,
vaccines, or antibodies. Also used to convert raw materials into useful byproducts
such as in the bioconversion of corn into ethanol

24 (2)
A complete catalytically active enzyme with its bound prosthetic group is called
holoenzyme.
A prosthetic group is a tightly bound, specific non-polypeptide unit required for
the biological function of some proteins. The prosthetic group may be organic like a
vitamin, sugar, or lipid or inorganic like metal ion, but is not composed of amino acids

25 (2)
Adenine and guanine are purine bases. These are structures composed of a 5-sided
and 6-sided ring. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines which are structures
composed of a single six-sided ring. Adenine always binds to thymine, while cytosine
and guanine always bind to one another.

26(3)
The correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive system is
Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens →
Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus

27 (3)
Homo habilis - 650−800 cc
Homo neanderthalensis - 1400 cc
Homo erectus - 900 cc
Homo sapiens - 1350 cc

28(2)
Hugo de Vries (1901) put forward a theory of evolution, called mutation theory.
The theory states that evolution is a jerky process where new varieties and species
are formed by mutations (discontinuous variations) that function as raw material of
evolution.

29 (1)
Mitochondria and Lysosomes do not contain DNA
Mitochondria and lysosomes are critical to every cell in the body, where they play
distinct roles. Mitochondria produce energy for the cell, while lysosomes recycle waste
material.
30 (2)
Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and
bronchioles.
Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic
fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and
tuberculosis.

31 (3)
In the case of domesticated fowls, males are homogametic (ZZ), while females are
heterogametic (ZW). Thus, it is the ovum which determines the sex of the progeny.

32 (2)
During the isolation of desired gene, chilled ethanol is used for the precipitation of DNA.

33 (2)
Biocontrol refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and
pests. Chemicals, insecticides and pesticides are extremely harmful to human beings
and also these pollute our environment.
Fungs Trichoderma, Baculoviruses (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis are used as
biocontrol agents.
Trichoderma are the most widely used fungal biocontrol agents against fungal
diseases of pulses, grapes, cotton, onion, carrot, peas, plums, maize, apple, etc.
Baculoviruses are insect pathogenic viruses that are used for pest insect control and
as tools to produce recombinant proteins.
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is a natural spore-forming bacterium that occurs in soils
everywhere. When larvae ingest B.t., it destroys the lining in their gut, and they stop
feeding and die within days.

34 (3)
Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection. It also helps
in the accumulation of superior genes.

35 (2)
Microbes are used in production of several household and industrial products -
Lactobacillus - Production of curd
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Bread making
Aspergillus niger - Citric acid production
Acetobacter aceti - Acetic acid

36 (4)
direction of movement of sugars in phloem is bi directional.

37 (4)
arthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo
without being fertilized by a sperm. several insect species including aphids, bees, and
ants are known to reproduce by parthenogenesis.

38(2)
Peripsperm is nutritive tissue of a seed derived from the nucellus and deposited
external to the embryo sac —distinguished from endosperm. Example : Sugar beet,
coffee, and black pepper

39 (3)
1 map unit represent 1% cross over

40(3)
Cardiac output = stroke volume × Heart rate
⇒ Cardiac output =5L or 5000 mL
⇒ Blood volume in ventricles at the end of diastole =100 ml
⇒ Blood volume is ventricles at the end of systole =50ml
Strole volume =100−50
=50ml.
5000ml =50ml × Heart rate
Heart rate =100 beats per minute

41(4)
Thiobacillus is a genus of Gram-negative Betaproteobacteria. Thiobacillus
denitrificans is chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that denitrifies nitrate during oxidation of
FeSx compounds.

42 (2)
The proximity between loop of Henle and vasa recta as well as counter current in them
help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary
interstitium. This mechanism help to maintain a concentration gradient in medullary
interstitium so human urine is nearly four times concentrated than initial filtrate
formed.
So, the correct answer is 'Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary
interstitium in the kidneys'

43 (2)
enzyme for electron transport are present in the inner membrane.

44(4)
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the
other.
The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves,
but it also transports nutrients. Xylem is associated with translocation of mainly water,
mineral salts, some organic nitrogen and hormones.

45 (3)
Some cells in an adult animal do not divide, e.g., nerve cells, whereas many cells
divide occasionally just to replace the cell loss due to injury or cell death. Such type of
cells remains in G0 phase.
The G0 phase of the cell cycle is also known as the quiescent stage.
In this phase, the cell remains metabolically active but does not proliferate unless they
are called on to do so.
Cells in G0 phase of the cell cycle, suspend the cell cycle for some time but do not fully
terminate the cell cycle.
46 (1)
Growth rings are formed by the seasonal activity of cambium. In plants of temperate
regions, cambium is more active in spring and less active in autumn seasons. In
temperate regions climatic conditions are not uniform throughout the year. However in
tropics climatic conditions are uniform throughout the year.

47(4)
ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter
or numbers of organisms within each trophic level in a food chain or food.
The pyramid of biomass in sea is inverted because biomass of fish exceeds that of
phytoplankton and in this scenario the biomass of trophic level depends on the
reproductive potential and the longevity of the member. Marine environment
have inverted biomass pyramids.

48(3)
In parietal placentation, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary. The ovary is
one-chambered, but it becomes two-chambered due to the formation of the false
septum. The parietal type of placentation is seen in mustard flower.

49 (1)
The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the
stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-
depleting substances.
The Montreal Protocol sets binding progressive phase out obligations for
developed and developing countries for all the major ozone depleting substances,
including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons and less damaging
transitional chemicals such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

50 (1)
The contraceptive effect of the lactational amenorrhoea method is a result of
increased levels of prolactin. When prolactin levels increase, the production
and secretion of another hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone are inhibited.
Emergency contraceptives includes the administration of progestogens or progestogen-
estrogen combination or IUDs within 72 hour of coitus.

51 (1)
Tidal Volume =500ml
Expiratory Reserve Volume =1000ml
Expiratory Capacity =TV+ERV
=500+1000
=1500ml.
52 (4)
In flowering plants, out of the two male gametes discharged in synergids, one fuses with
the egg and other fuses with the secondary or definitive nucleus present in central cell.

53 (4)
Leaves

54 (2)
 the Mangifera is the genus and indica is the species of mango. Which was first
described by Mangifera indica Linn.

55 (2)
Restriction enzyme, also called restriction endonuclease, a protein produced by
bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule. In the bacterial
cell, restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA, thus eliminating infecting organisms.

56 (4)
megaspore is retained for some times in female gametophyte in Pteridophyte,, however
the permanent retention is required for seed formation in Gymnosperms.

57 (4)
Law of segregation is universally applicable.

58 (2)
Hexokinase catalyse the conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6 phosphate. It is the first
step of activation phase of glycolysis.

59 (2)
Treatment of morphine, at room temperature, with a mixture of trifluoroacetic
anhydride (TFAA) and acetic acid (20–30 min) affords good yields of heroin.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetylation of morphine'

60 (3)
Progestaserl and LNG-20 are hormone releasing IUDs which make the uterus
unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.

61 (3)
Frequency of dominant allele (say p)=0.4
Frequency of recessive allele (say q) =1−0.4
=0.6
∴ Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA)
=p2 =(0.4)2
=0.16
Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa) =2pq
=2(0.4)(0.6)
=0.48
Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals(aa)=q2
=(0.6)2
=0.36

62 (1)
It is Vitamin A enriched, with a gene from daffodil.
Genetically engineered “Golden Rice” contains up to 35 μg β-carotene per gram of rice.
It is important to determine the vitamin A equivalency of Golden Rice β-carotene to
project the potential effect of this biofortified grain in rice-consuming populations that
commonly exhibit low vitamin A status.

63 (2)
Because it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.
Mycorrhizal fungi allow plants to draw more nutrients and water from the soil. They
also increase plant tolerance to different environmental stresses. Moreover, these fungi
play a major role in soil aggregation process and stimulate microbial activity.

64 (3)
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of
genetic recombination that bring together genetic material from multiple sources,
creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
In recombinant DNA technology bacteria is able to produce human insulin because
genetic code is nearly universal.

65 (3)
A common sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores.
Caused by the herpes simplex virus, the disease can affect both men and women.
Pain, itching and small sores appear first. They form ulcers and scabs. After initial
infection, genital herpes lies dormant in the body. Genital herpes outbreaks
usually look like a cluster of itchy or painful blisters filled with fluid. They may be
different sizes and appear in different places.

66 (3)
The true infectious part of any virus is its nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA but never
both.

67(2)
The Radula is the organ of Pila, which is used to cut the food in srnall pieces.
The radula is a flat ribbon-like structure found inside the buccal cavity of Pila.
Silkworms (Bombyx mori) provide an ideal candidate, as they accumulate large
amounts of calcium oxalate crystals in their Malpighian tubules ,organs that function
like mammalian kidneys and are considered analogous to kidney epithelium.

Pleurobrachia is Ctenophore. The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates,
which help in locomotion
Excretory organs are flame cells scattered all over the mesenchyme. A flame cell
is of irregular shape with granular cytoplasm and a nucleus. Bundle of cilia or flame
arises from basal granules near nucleus. The excretory products pass out through
excretory canals and out of excretory pores.

68(1)
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are DNA sequences (genes) that are expressed as
mRNA for protein synthesis. These are used in the human genome project for gene
mapping.

69(4)
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the
fungus kingdom. Yeast is an unicellular sac fungus. It lacks filamentous structure or
hyphae.

70 (4)
Any organisms that live off or feed on other dead, decaying or decomposed organic
matter are called saprophytes.
Parasites are plants or animals that live in or on another living thing, getting their
food from it while it is still alive. The organisms that they live on are called hosts.
Hosts never benefit from parasites.
A lichen is not a single organism; it is a stable symbiotic association between
a fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria. Like all fungi, lichen fungi require carbon
as a food source; this is provided by their symbiotic algae and/or cyanobacteria, that
are photosyntheti
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants.
The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and
nutrient absorption capabilities while the plant provides the fungus with
carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis.

71 (4)
Glucose transporter type 4 facilitated glucose transporter member 4, is a protein
encoded, in humans, by the SLC2A4 gene. GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose
transporter found primarily in adipose tissues and striated muscle.

72 (4)
The body is able to differentiate self and non-self and the cell-mediated response is
responsible for graft rejection.

73 (3)
dialysis eliminates urea and potassium from the body. As phosphate ions are eliminated
during dialysis, along with that calcium ions are also eliminated. So, there will be reduced
absorption of calcium ions from gastrointestinal tract. RBCs production will be reduced,
due to reduced erythropoietin hormone.

74 (4)
Cornea consists of dense matrix of collagen and corneal epithelium. It is the most
sensitive part of eye.
The covering of the eye ball is not cornea but mainly sclera. Cornea only covers one-
third part.
75 (3)
Alfred Henry Sturtevant was an American geneticist. Sturtevant constructed the first
genetic map of a chromosome in 1911. Throughout his career he worked on the
organism Drosophila melanogaster. Alfred Sturtevant explained, the frequency of
recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome is a measure of the distance
between the genes. The distance between the genes is inversely proportional to the
frequency of recombination.

76 (3)
i gene → Repressor
z gene → β-galactosidase
y gene → Permease
a gene → Transacetylase

77 (1)
Plant hormone auxin induces flowering in pineapple. Ethylene also helps in
synchronization of flowering and fruit set up in pineapple.

78 (2)
Goblet cells are modified epithelial cells that secrete mucus on the surface of mucous
membranes of organs, particularly those of the lower digestive tract and airways.
Histologically, they are mucous merocrine exocrine glands.
Goblet cells secrete mucus and bicarbonates present in the gastric juice which plays
an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from
excoriation by the highly concentrated HCl.

79 (1)
Trichoderma spp. are the most widely used fungal biocontrol agents against fungal
diseases of pulses, grapes, cotton, onion, carrot, peas, plums, maize, apple, etc.

80 (4)
Vascular tissue is comprised of the xylem and the phloem, the main transport systems
of plants.
Phloem is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic
compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular
the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed. This transport process is called
translocation.
Phloem in Gymnosperms lacks both sieve tube and companion cells.

81 (1)
Extrusion of second polar body from egg nucleus occurs after entry of sperm but before
fertilization.
The entry of sperm into the ovum induces completion of the meiotic division of the
secondary oocyte.
Entry of sperm causes breakdown of metaphase promoting factor(MPF) and turns on
anaphase promoting complex(APC).

82(2)

83 (1)
Omnis cellula e cellula, that each cell derives from a pre-existing cell by division, is
the culmination of a profound insight of the late 19th century and a dictum
articulated by the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow.

84(3)
Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.
These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. These protein exist as inactive protoxins
but once an insect ingest the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due
to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilize the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the
surface of midgut epithelial cells and create pores that cause cell swelling and lysis and
eventually cause death of insect.

85 (4)
Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) are bacteria that infect the intestinal tract and the blood.
The disease is referred to as typhoid fever. S. Paratyphi bacteria cause a similar, but
milder illness, which comes under the same title.
Salmonella typhi is the causative agent.
Confirmatory test = Widal test, it's based on antigen antibody reaction.

86 (2)
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY is the set of symptoms that result
from two or more X chromosomes in males. Individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome have
trisomy of sex chromosomes as 44+XXY(47). They show overall masculine development,
gynaecomastia and are sterile.

87 (3)
Polyblend is a fine powder of recycled modified plastic. It was produced by plastic
manufacturers in order to recycle plastic waste. When blended with bitumen, polyblend
can be used to lay roads which have increased road life.

88 (4)
Storage of nuclear waste should be done in suitably shielded containers and buried
within rocks deep below the earth's surface.

89 (3)
Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus
A goiter can sometimes occur when your thyroid gland produces too
much thyroid hormone. In someone who has Graves' disease, antibodies produced by
the immune system mistakenly attack the thyroid gland, causing it to produce
excess thyroxine.

90 (4)
Vertebrosternal ribs are true ribs, dorsally they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae
and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.