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How Slum Sprawl : Lucknow as a Case

Article · October 2018

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 How Slum Sprawl : Lucknow as a Case
Riyazul Samad Binmohammad
University Institute of Architecture, Chandigarh University
ar.riyazulsamad@gmail.com

The various definition given by sources are stated as

ABSTRACT
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow,
known for its historical and political significance, is also the
urban city. Rural people migrate to an urban area in search
of better employment, amenities, and opportunities,
summing up ‘In Search Of a Better Life’. Migrated rural
poor people with their lack of skills and exposure to the
highly competitive market are forced to settle in inhabitable
conditions, this adds to the expansion of SLUMS.
The second part of the article is based on several physical
surveys of Lucknow major slums. Try to portrait the life
condition in slums and their thought about slums and their
neighbor's thoughts also.
"Now-a-Day slums is the major problem and every city,
state and country have to persist it. The need of the hour is
To Upgrade and Enhance the quality of life in the Slum or
stop origins of slums."
KEY WORDS : Slum, Slum sprawl, Urbanization, Urban,
Rural-Urban Migration, Unauthorized Settlements and
Informal Settlements.
follows:
o Slum, Densely populated area of substandard housing,
Usually in a city, Characterized by unsanitary
conditions and social disorganization.
(Source Britannica )
o Slum, overpopulated area with lack of amenities
(Source WHO Report)
o A slum may be defined as a structure encroachment in
the heart or beside the industrial boundary of the major
cities and town (Source U.P. Govt.)
o "well, this slum cost a lot of money. It should look
better than an ordinary slum.[when told it was
supposed to be a slum" (Source: Samuel
Goldwyn Quotes, Polish-born American movie
Producer)
These definitions of slums cast varied perceptions
for slums. If we compile these ideas "a slum is an area
which has an organic growth, unhygienic life condition and
lack of amenities”.

INTRODUCTION
SLUM is a word with Myriad Meanings as the definition
varies from Person to Person, city to city or country to
country. Because every city has different types of
communities and their respective living standards. Every
individual has its different perception of slums. Perspective
varies as a slum dweller have a different perception for slum
and LIG, MIG, HIG dwellers have a different perception for
slum.

Now a- days everyone wants an urban lifestyle.

Nevertheless, urban growth, especially in the metropolitan
areas, has been exploitative and chaotic, resulting in rising
unemployment and low productivity work-sharing in the
informal sector, squatting in teeming slums, congestion,
encroachment on public space, water, and air pollution and
deteriorating infrastructure and services. look better than an
ordinary slum.[when told it was supposed t be a slum"

Figure 1 Slum Codition of diferent Contries

Riyazul Samad Binmohammad

1

FORMATION OF SLUMS
It is evident that the new individuals/groups, who
approach the city to seek employment. The country people
as they try to adjust to the growth pace of the city, are
forced to settle with an underrated life standard.
Consequently, they create a new type of residential
settlement in contradiction to that of the existing urban
groups. Since the new groups are mostly constituted of low-
income groups of rural migrants, they accept whatever
accommodations are available for them. It can be quickly
erected with waste materials or with those that can be
procured on low costs on open spaces that are unusable or
lying vacant. Generally, the operation takes place in groups,
initially consisting of relatives and kins or members from
the same caste, village, district, region or language. This
process involves illegal occupancy or squatting on
government or private lands. They occupy the piece of land
illegally. A noticeable aspect of these settlements is their
location to the workplaces.
Figure 2 Slum Sprawl
URBANIZATION AS A PROBLEMS
Urbanization
has been accompanied
by the growth of
population and slums
from the very inception
of the urban world.
Urbanization is
Riyazul Samad Binmohammad
Table 1District level Indicators,
Lucknow
increasing at a rapid rate and the available supply of land
and housing in the urban centers cannot accommodate the
surging squatter population. People are, therefore, illegally
occupying land and creating their shelters, residing in the
deplorable living conditions. One of the varying problems
confronting many of the developing nations in the world
today is the illegal occupation of land, which is generally
called squatting.
occupation of land, which is generally called squatting. The
population in these areas increases at a much faster rate at
two or three times the rate of the urban population as a
whole, while the health services, employment opportunities,
and social services do not increase correspondingly. As
such, the lifestyle of many of the households staying in
these areas starts deteriorating, facing extremely difficult
conditions leading to anti-social elements and crimes and
much needs to be done to improve their predicament.
LUCKNOW AS A CASE
Lucknow has a population of 3,647,834 persons with a large
number of poor people in the city, and slum dwellers
584,865 persons and 16.03 % of its total population.
Slums/vulnerable population clusters are scattered
throughout the city. The major spots where vulnerable
population clusters are mushrooming are in the river bed of
the Gomti, in the vicinity of railway tracks and specifically
in the fringe areas of Lucknow-Faizabad road, which is
encroached upon by slum dwellers. Various estimates
suggest that more than 60% to 70 % population of the city
lives below the poverty line. DUDA, OXFAM, and RSAC
have conducted studies to estimate the total vulnerable
population and location of slums in Lucknow city. In
Lucknow, both authorized and unauthorized slums exist.
According to OXFAM, there are 787 identified slums
existing in Lucknow. we have done several physical surveys
in
Table 2 Estimated Population & Slum Population in Urban
Uttar Pradesh & Lucknow , 1981-2001.
different areas slums in Lucknow. and selection criteria
were based on land value(Vikas Nagar), type of
origins(Daliganj Pul) and type of employment Railway
colony). If we talk about Vikas Nagar slums, the Vikas
Nagar is a very rapidly developing area in Lucknow. So that
is why they are a lot of opportunity for labors class. people
migrate from outside and work in construction, settled in
vacant land.
There are eight exiting slums but more are growing.
Growing at outer ring road as shown in the map, has been
developing for 15 years. This slum started with 10 -15
dwelling units and now its count is 500-600 dwellings.
These people migrated (Due to lack of amenities and
financial aids) for employment in the city.
Figure 3 Selected Slum (Ring Road Gomti Nagar Lucknow)
They don’t have proper access to any basic amenities such
as sanitation or water. On average 4-6 persons exist per
family. Men mainly working on daily wages and Women
are mainly working (washing, cleaning, etc.) in the vicinity
comprising of residential Units (Vikas Nagar ). These
people don’t have awareness of education. 2-4 working
people exist in a family Monthly household income
(savings):- 2000-3000/- Rs. Due to an unhygienic lifestyle,
some people suffer serious diseases and they don’t have
enough money for their treatment.
Figure 4 Slum condition of shelter, People and sanitation.
Riyazul Samad Binmohammad
“We want to stay here because we get easy employment
and amenities. We expect from government for shelter and
other basic amenities (which is now in worst condition)” :
Slums Dwellers Source:-base on survey and Interview of
slum dwellers by author
CONCLUSION:
Conclusion came upon on the basis of interaction, survey,
and interviews slum dwellers, they exchange their thoughts
with us.
Some say they are happy to stay here. We can’t
leave this place. These type of organic settlement not only
face enormous problems regarding basic facilities but also
causes environmental pollution.
Slums are an aspect associated with the Indian
Society and the dimension is unbootable. The studies
associated are superficial as the facts are quantitative and
not qualitative. People living in these unknown Sprawls of
Life, face a serious dilemma as to whether the Government
has enough Resources and Mostly time to notice the
requirements of this class, and hence they compromise with
what is thrown at them and couldn’t gather enough guts to
raise their requirements. On the Other Hand, Government
and other Official Units should realize that Development is
not a segregated process, it is a unanimous one and every
class of people is interdependent.
For Instance, The government of Uttar Pradesh
Proposed a housing scheme for the slum inhabitants of
Lucknow, But the Location of the units was much distant
from the urban Sprawl and this cut-off the employment
opportunities of these people, which actually led to
Economic depletion, Hence they moved again to these
slums to stay intact with the urban employment
opportunities.
As correctly stated,” Once a Rotten Rooted Plant always
remains the same, till we don’t add manure and Water It
properly”.
REFERNCES
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with population of lucknow district”
 Compendium of environment statistics, 2001.
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 Un-habitat (2007),”what are slums and why do they
exist?”, kenya.
 United nations news service (2010), “an inventory of
the slums in nairobi”.
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Riyazul Samad Binmohammad

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