EC3012D COMMUNICATION THEORY AND SYSTEMS II

Problem Sheet 2

1. The following four waveforms are used for signaling in a digital communication
system:
S1(t) = 1 for -1 ≤ t ≤ 1 S1(t) = 0 elsewhere
S2(t) = t for -1 ≤ t ≤ 1 S2(t) = 0 elsewhere
S3(t) = t2 for -1 ≤ t ≤ 1 S3(t) = 0 elsewhere
Determine an orthonormal set of basis vectors by using Gram Gram-Schmidt
Schmidt
Orthogonalisation for representing these signals and get the coordinate
representation for the set of signals in terms of the derived basis.
basi

2. Samples of a distorted received signal are given by x( x(-2) = 0.05, x(-1) = -0.1,
0.1, x(0) =
1.0, x(1) = -0.2, x(2) = 0.1.
(i) Design a zero forcing equalizer to correct the pulse for zero ISI.
(ii) Find the maximum amount of ISI with this input signal after the
equalization with equalizer designed in Part (i)
(iii) If samples of the received signal at the next instant are given by x(-2) 2)
= -0.08, x(-1)
1) = 0.1
0.12, x(0) = 0.9, x(1) = 0.15, x(2) = -0.07,
07, find the ISI at
various instants with equalizer designed in Part (i)

3 Determine the impulse response of the filter matched to the signal(peak to peak
amplitude A, time period T) shown in the figure and sketch it as a function of
time. Plot the matched filter output as well as the corresponding product
integrator output as a function of time

A/2

T/2 T

-A/2

4 In a binary communication ‘0’ is transmitted using pulse p(t) and ‘1’ is transmitted
using pulse 3p(t). Derive optimum threshold. Sketch ideal receiver and derive
probability of error.

5 For a binary on-off

off signaling with a rectangular pulse shape, the receiver is an RC
t
1  Tb
integrator with h(t )  e u (t ) followed by a sampler at every Tb sec, where
Tb
Tb is the bit duration. Derive optimum threshold for this receiver to minimize PE.

6 Let
et r = s+n, where r is the received signal, s is the transmitted signal, and n is
Gaussian with zero mean. If one of two equally likely messages is transmitted
using s0 = −2, ands1 = 2, the optimum receiver yields probability of error PE = 0.01.
Then, what is the minimum attainable probability of error PE if three equallylikely
messages are transmitted using the signals s0 = −4, s1 = 0, s2 = 4?? How do the
answer change if it is known that E[n] = 1 rather than 0?
7 For the M’ary communication system with M = 4, the signals used are
s1 (t )  3 E (t ), s 2 (t )   E (t ), s3 (t )  E (t ), s 4 (t )  3 E (t ).
Sketch signal constellation. Design and sketch optimum signal receiver with a
minimum number of product integrators. If signals s2(t) and s3(t) occur with a
probability of 0.3 each and s1(t) and s4(t) occur with a probability of 0.2 each,
sketch decision regions. Derive probability of symbol error.

8 In a MASK system, symbols of energy 0,E, 2E………(M-1)E are used. Derive the
expression for error probability

9 A binary source emits data at a rate of 512 kbps. MPSK with M = 16 is used to
modulate the data. Determine bandwidth and signal power required, so that PE<
10-6. Assume AWGN channel of No = 10-8 W/Hz.

10 Derive the relation between the transmitted energy of MASK and MPSK for the
same symbol error probability.