,r"r",rr.

aions- mainbody
@
'Th€ phrasesyou
ned'below shows someptuases ''
... Or, ters mou" o. to rhe nexr poini, which is wmo enelgy
that can make you presentation easier to follow You
ieclnology. The mdkei for wind tubines. is shifiing toom otrhore
will have to supply the contentyouself of coursel
to oifslble. It might be Getu1 to give a liiile background hde. As
4/ Signposts: these ale phrases ihat say (here you'ie
you cd s@ on this ncxl sLide,onshore wind fams have several
8oh8 in rpm\ of lh. mrin rup( - ol \ our r.rL draivback: tust you ned a ieLiably windy iftatioo se€ondthe
,? DcvploDi .op( tn, -e D"ri.e. d'e rrui-srCnpo-r-
l d t u Ld . . ' " r p \ - - c l p o u u d . r . a n d t l u d t n p r ea r e . o m es e r i o b
within a topic. By cxplicitly saying what l.ou re
enginc.ring questions.
gohg io talk abouinext, the audiencecan follow
What are these engineering questioro? Basically rhere are two
(, Focus:theseplrases are also mini-signposts. issues.Firstlv,the stabiljtyof the struciuieas you make ir bigger md
sccondLythe problemof hai ing the bladesalways facingthe wind.
Youle saying io the audience:'pl.ase pay extra
So the trend is towards offshore wind fams, ano n€ic are some
alieniion for thc next few fromcnts'.
't Question answc. askinga qu€siionand rhen cnginee.ing.haUenSeshere.Have a look ar this slide it shows thc
designfor an offshorcturbine that sits on the surfaceof the sca.
irFhpri.ri',our,lIi.d.anddrd rc.hni.lup.n
It's threetimes more
publi. .pp.'\in8 Th. tuej ,'n , -clc, interer r
efficientthan an onsho.e
ihc tnind of the listcn€rs,ihe answc. providesthe
tu.binc oi equivalentsize.
satisfactimof closure.
I ttcfer to visralsr bc carefulnot to rclv too much on What is the reasonlor ihisT
Thc reasonis that it usesa
your slides.s thcy can sendpcoplc into a tranceof
completelydif fereni design
bor€dom.Di.cct aiiention back to vourselfofien.
that isn't dependenton the
Ask fd contributions:stopat scvcralpoi'rts
wind clirection.There is a
during the frain presentationkr takc questiors- it
(rcai.s rnter.st and makesthe p.csentationmore Ia.gc V'shapedst ucturewith
rigjd'sails'mounted along
its length.As the wind passes
R..Lt thc presrntationextrnctin thL'ncrt columr,, over thesethey act like ahfoils" and rhis gcnerateslift and htrns tho
q hich showssomc of thcsctechniquesand phrascs
structureas a whole.
nr contc\t. The contc'ntin ihis cas. is rechnic.l I would like to stressthat this designis not yer in commcfcial
- about wind en{rgy rcchnohgy.
production,but a prototype is currently being resredoff rhc coasrof
It Lookingjust at dlc first half of ihis cxtrad, norice Scodand.
how thc p,€seDtorguidcs the audicn.cr signposting OK. Are ther€any questionsso far? Doesanyonehavc any
t l r ' n . ' i n l ^ p i . r . ' r ' n g l h . r l! , m . b d c ( B r ^ u n d, :
. u m i n gn c \ r .d i n c r i n gr r l e - n , {tru d , i d o r . ,- , n g . l r \rinJ rurbinr:lallsrn'.trtrwrh pirrsrlrrato iumcdby lhewind,uscdtor
qlrestionto createintcrest,focusingon iwo issues.
Allof this makesthc preseniatioreasi& io follow. " atlojl:.ud&l pid on af air.rnfi s wing rhir helps ir kl.i* in thc air

The phrasesyou need B

Signposts Reter to visuals
AK Lets nave an to Iturnaur Easically,. / Toput it sinply, As yau can seean thb nextJide .
attenttanto .. / takea loakat . . 5a, tat me,thenain issuehercis ... l'd like to highlighttuvothingson this
Thisleadsne to ny nextpoint, whid Ithinkthe,earethreequestions to table/ chan/diagtan ...
What]s lnterestingan thls slidels . .
EarlierI nentianed .. I would like to stress/ enphasi2ethat I d hketa clrawyour aftentbn ta ...
l'llsaynorc abautthislater/ t'ltcome
Ask for contributions
backta thisin a monent
Question-answer Are theteanyquestionssa far?
Justto digrcssfor a nonent, . .
Whatb the rcasonfar this?Thercason Doesanyonehaveanycomments?
Develop a topi( Hov\/doesthis relateto yau own
It might be useful ta give a liftle Haw nuch is thisgoing to.ast? Well,
the figues shaw ..
Lets examine this in n,are detail. 50 whatcanwe do aboutallthis?t'11
Let me explain with a.ancrete tellyou Weplan ta

lt4y awn view an this is . .

r0E
 - MAIN BODY
52 PRESENTATIONs

Exercises
52,1 Coverth€ oppositepagewith a pieceoI paper.
Now try to rememberth€ words below.Sometetters Theext.actyoujust lookedat showsseveralpo nts about
relerringto visuas:
. Thespeakerintfoducesthe s de ctearly.
A tongpauseat
I Ths I s meto my nextpoint,whichis ... leads
lheendoi thefilstparagraph woud be good givingthe
2 EarierI rnen . ...ned... mentioned audiencea chancelo studythe s de sitentiy.
3 'll c b ...to th s pointin a moment.come back . The speakeruses firstly and secondy to tsl points.
4 justto di s! (= sdetrack) for a mom€nt,. digress Again pausesaftereachseparalepointwouldallowthe
5 Let'sexamine this m de L more detail listeners timeto absorblhe information.
6 Letmeexpainwith d con .le ex concrete example a The speakermakesa personalcommentfhis creates
7 | th nk thereErethreequenions to f focus on Interestand is one way to avoid lhe dangerof lust
8 lwould keto st (= emph.size) that . stress
.. readingthe texton the s de
9 As youcan see on thisnexts de, ... . The speakergivesa chanceior questionsaboul ths
10 'd llketo high light t two rh ngson thischart.
11 W hat s inieresting in thisslideis ..
12 Howdoesth s rela te to yourown particular context?
52.3 Readaloudthesetwo versionrot the same
52.2 completethe presentationextractwith the words sentence.In the se@nd,put a strongpausewher€
in th€ box. lt is an alternativeveEion of the presentation you seethe // symboland a strongemphasison the
opposite. underlinedsyllable5.
Ve$ion A Themarketfot wind turbinesis shifting from
li.u'"o"tii enphaslze havea laok
gs so an nyavn view notice Ve|sion B Themarketfot wind turbinesis shifting// from
glshote ll to qffshare.
' have a look
55 or, tet ar tns nexl
s ide. t showsthe desigiior an offshore tubine tharsitson Canyouheara diff€re.ce7
Thesecond
versionh;s moreclarty
the surface of the sea.
I'd keto z highlight two things . on thisdiagr.m. Mark with a // symbollltCg placesin this sentence
Firnly,3 ....... notice theV*napeo where you canpausefor clarity.
struct!rewrth'sals' mouniedalongitslength.Secondly,
1 Asthe windpasses overthese
//theyactlik€ai.foik//andthis
you can see how thiswholestruct!recan generateslift//andturnsthe siructure
asa wholp
turnon its base,poweredby theactionof the windon the
Thisis howelectrictyis generated.
sails. Underlinet!49 syllablesin this sentencethat you (an
my own view .-.......
. on thisis thatthe design emphari:eto c.eateimpa<t.
is. bg improver.ent on earlier versons - lt'smoe efficent |n 2 lt'smoreefficientin term5of eneGyproducton,andit! also
termsol energyproducton,anditk alsomorestabewith it9 morenabb wth itssolidbase.
so d b.se.
Bythe way, mustjult b emphasize ......that 52.4 'l'd now like to discuss ...'The words below canall
ihisdesgnis not if cornmercial pfoduction. replace'discusi'.Fill in th€ missingvowels.
oK, afethereafy questions 7 .....
at this point 1 move v onn to 6 explain
xpl n
No?Then 3...... .... 2 t alk
l k about
b t 1 cover
c \ |
let's go on to the nextslide,
wh ch is a graphshownq the prciected demandfor ofishore 3 ddealI with
wth 8 consider
c . n sd r
windenergyoverthe nexttwentyyears.!t 4 tturn
r n my
m y attention
t l n t n tto 9 mention
mnt n
5 take
t k aalook
l kat t l0 t..c
focuss onn
52.5 S 7 Speakingpractic6:listenand repeat.Repeat
eachphraseyou hearand then listento (heck.
 Presentations- closing and questions
The following sequenceprovides a guide for how to end a
Preseniation eflectively.
i Signalihe end: lhis meansusing a tignposi' ptuaseto tell
the audicnceexplicitly thai you're Soing1ofinsh. (See
unit52 for ihe meaningof'signpost phrasc'.)
:' Slmmarizc: summarizethe main points, md .dd a fcN
obsen,ationsor detailsfor inte.est.fcrhaps hale bullci
points on a final slide,and then girc a ]ilely commenl
aboui whai reallv matiersf.r. cachone (a'i.ke-hone
Concludcryou can concludewiih. fliendlv commeni,
a fnlalslidc (wiih a shong inag. or mcssagc),b!
mentioninglh. benefitslorr talk h.s Encn thc audicncc,
or by l@king Iomad to the futu.c - Mith a call io action
or an nispnaiionalmessage.linall)t a strcng 'Th.nk lou
all fo. coming' $ill hopefully p.oducc somc ipplausci
Invite queslions:'Do )ou hire inv qucstions?is usunlly
Dc.l s'ith qu.siions: tho b.sic ran8. oftechn\ues.rc:
1 ltcsFondpositivei\,', thrn ins$'cr
2 Cli,ify / Ask for repctition.
:l ltc.lircci io thc qrcstioncr
+ Itodirccii() lhc g(ntP.
5 Dolav an i,nsx'cr
6 C o n t r o lt h c l i n i n S .
Itead ih. prosentitiul cxhaci in iho ncxt colunu, $r1,.n
sho$,ssonr. of thcsctcchrrquesind phriscs in contcrt. li is
t h e c l o s i n gp . r t o f . ' w e l c o m i n gv i s i i r t r t p' r c s c n t a t ( .
fhe phrases you need t€
Sign:ll ih,o enrl
Right,that bringsne nea y ta the end of my prcsentatian
5umnr:rize
Just to sunnaize the rr,ain pointl aqaln,
So, ta sumrnatize, we laoked at fout main points lbegan by
tellitg yau a lttle abaut . Then I talked about Ahel
that I explainedhow ... finally I
td hke ta finish by taying
Sa,tn canclusian,I hape that thls talk hasgivenyou ...
Naw we haveto . / t'n askinga af you ta ... / our joh is
Thankyau all for caning I hape it's been useful
110
Right, that brings me io the end of my presentation.
Justio summarizeihe main poinls again:Ibeganby
telling vo! a littie about the hisiory of our compant
and you saq' our growth from a smail family firm to the
intemationaloperationthai we are ioday.
f \ , r I r . ' . l p da D o - lu u r m J r l e r , . o h o w n p r .
technologiesare openingup cxciting possibilitiesfor the
Alter ihai I erplained horv customizationis at the heart
oi our businessmodel our dienis all gei tailormade
solutionsbasedon their individual needs.
Finally I gale vou somc informaiion about our
manulacturingptucess,.nd volr sarvhow we achleveour
erceptionallevelsof qualit_vand pcrfornan.e.
OK, l'd like to finish by savint thai it's . great pleasurc
ror us to welcomevou heretuday,and I hope thai you
enjoy the factory tolr which ac'vc plannedfor ),ou.Wc'lL
siart on the toui after n sho.t brcak for refreshments.
Thank you all for.ominS. (nptln!s.)
l've 8ot somehandolrtsherc- l'll passthem round.
Thcy show all the slidesI uscd in my talk and my conrrct
ctctailsarc at the back.
Do you haveany quick qucstionsbcforc wc brcak?
Yes,the gentlemanat ihe back with thc rcd iic.
Comparu l h o o p . n i n gi n u n i t 5 l w i t h t h . . l o s i n g c x t r a .kl )
thcsanreprus.ntntion.bovc. Th. pr.{ntcr ktd thc.udifn.a
sllat shr s.! going to siy nt theopcning,.nd now hercit
thecl(){ shorupoitsthc main pointsagaitr.lhis rcnrforfts
the kev casnndm.kcs thcn easierio rcmembc'.
Pr.!'iiczl inrtlerr
t vegot samehandoutsherc.
Heresmy emailincaseyauwantta get in tauch
jnvite guestions
Dayauhaveanyquestians? Yes,theqentienan/ ladyovel
the,e^lnhtherccltte/ the blackjacket.
Ilow if yau haveanyquestians,l'11do ny bestto answel
D e a lw i t h q u e s l i o n s
Thats a verygoadpoint / l'n qladyouaskedne that
satry canyou explainthatagain?
5a, I I understandWU caftectly,you'reasking...
Thatsan interesting questionWhatsyaurawn apinlonT
Hasanyaneeheexpeiencedthe samething?
I thinkthat outsidethescopeol thispresentatlan,but I m
happyto discussit with you afteruvards.
OK,lthtnkthete'stine fot anelartquestian.
 - CLOS|NGAND QUESr|ONS
53 PRESENTATTONS

Exercises
53.1 Completethis extractIrom the dose of a 53.2 Studythe phrasesfor dealingwith questions
presentationwith the words in the box. tt is an internal below.Tryto 9ue5sthe sinolemissingword in eachgap.
presentationabout departmentalreorganization. Write your answerslightly at the side.Severatanswers
may be possibie.
genetateda lot af dis.ussrcn give the flool I Thdt'sa veryqood point
.........--
taak at sane aptions nay be forced au job is ta cansider (Thinkof sonething elsebesidesquestion'.)
that coversevertthing thereis the option to 2 Sorrycanyou explain thatagainT
the next steps somedifficult de.isi.ns w)uld lead ta 3 Hasanyoneese experienced
. ..... the samething?
that 4 OK,lth nk there's
trme ........on€last
6 6 R q h rt ,r h i n k 'covers everything I haveto for
say.Beforcl fin sh l' lustbriefy summaiz€rhekeypoints,and
5 That'san interesting
quenion.WhatSyourown
tirenwe cantry to cometo a d€csionandfocuson
the next steps opinion
' 6 sorryldidf'r
catch.... rhat.
So,rightat the beginningI saidth.t the a m of my (hink of somethingelsebesidesundestand')
presentaton wasto r .look at some options for Ithinkthar's outside the scope : of this
reorganizrngouf saesandmarketing operatons. Andl p€sentation, but i m happyto discusst wth you
expainedthe reasons why. afterwards
8 Im ... . youasked methat.
Weexplored threealternatves.Filrty,we lookedat keeptng glad
9 | promised to f ni5h on t me,andI see
botha salesdepartment anda ma*etingdepa(memin every
thal it3 nearlyten o'clock.
countryasnow,blt rcdLrcing all budgetsandlookingfor cost
10 You.... must . havethought qute a lotabout
savingswherever possble.Spendng on advertEing will be
th6. Whatconclusion haveyou come to?
clt backconsd€rably, andwhenpeopleleavethe company
1l Couldyoubea lttlemore specific 1
theyw I not automaticallybe replaced.We canexpectthat
12 Anyoneiketo comment on that?
everyoneS workloadwill increase
l3 | dont havethatinformaton to hand
Secondly,athere is the option to brcakup the Can| get back s ihatallight?
natonalmarketing teamr,whilekeeping the salesteams.Al 14 So,if I undeGtand you correctly
marketng carnpalgns wo!ld be run centfallyfromheadolfice, askrng ,.
eavng jlst a skeleiofnaff in othercounrer.Thisoption
generated lots of discussion
. Now fill in the gapsabovewirh rhe suggestedwofds
, andI sensethatmanyof
youfee it'r too drasuc.However itt theoprionthatolfe6 the
gr€cles'cost sar19s,dndwe o may be forced aheMatds back .atch
conedty erpeiehced explain
Thefina opton is the possbiity of mergingsalesand nust an apinian palnt
marketingnto onelargedepanmenrn everyma*el This
this would lead to greatercoordinaron, some 53.3 Malch phrasesl-14 from the previousexerciseto
costsavrngs,but . so a lossof foc|]s.I wouldlikeio hearmore
the te.hniquesb€low.
d scusson aboLrtwhether th s optonisviabe.
a Respond positvely[-1 ,-]8
5o,in concuson,now rsthet meto take /Askfor repettion2li-li-t.
b clarify 6 11 14
some difficult decisions
. .......... l'masking -
all c Redirectto the quenioner f5 i 10
.
of voulo eo'e deoarr.leltd oy" iesro ore sroe d Redirectto the groupI 3 : l12
our job is to consider ...........
ihe futuresutuivaand e Delayan answerrl7 rl13
proftability
of the comp.nyasa whote. f Contrclthe timng:4 i 9 l
Thankyou6 ior youratt€ntionNowt'll 53.4 S 8 Speakingpracti(e:listenand repeat.Repeat
give the floor .. to youior your eachphraseyou h€arand then listento (heck.
quenionsa|1dcomm€nts.tQ

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