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1st Prelim Reviewer
1st Prelim Reviewer
FOCUS
- point within the earth where an earthquake originates
Reviewer EPICENTER
- point on the earth’s suface directly above the focus
EARTH’S CRUST
3 MAIN LAYERS OF EARTH > the closer the focus to the surface, the greater the
damage of an earthquake
CRUST
- outermost layer > strong eartquake may cause damage several
- made up of solid materials and minerals hundreds of kilometers from the epicenters
- where landforms such as volcanoes, valley and mountain
ranges are formed. MAJOR PLATES
MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY Pacific plate North American plate
- boundary between the crust and the mantle Eurasian plate South American plate
[] Adrija Mohorovicic Indo-Australian plate Antarctic plate
African plate
MANTLE
- consists of semi liguid rocks
MINOR PLATES
Arabian plate Scotia plate
CORE Indian plate Juan de Fuca plate
- extremely hot and dense due to high pressure and Philippine plate Cocos plate
temperature Nazca plate
INNER CORE is solid
OUTER CORE is liquid
MOUNTAIN RANGES
[] MOHO - crust and mantle
[] GUTTENBERG - mantle and outercore MOUNTAIN
[] LEHMANN - outer core and inner core - landform that rises at least 300m (1000ft) above its
surrounding area
> two most active volcanoes are located in two (2)
volcanic belts [] MOUNT EVEREST
Alpine - Himalayan belt - highest mountain on earth
- reveals the collision of african plate and indo- - located on the border between TIBET and NEPAL
australian plate with the southern margin of the eurasian
plate MOUNTAIN RANGE
Circum - Pacific belt - formed by a chain of maintains
- plates continuously slides and grinds againsts each
RING OF FIRE other
- consists of world’s active volcanoes - pressure causes the surface to crumple and fold
SEAFLOOR SPREADING
- ocean crust were spreading away from the mid-ocean
ridges
SUBDUCTION
- process where one plate contains oceanic lithosphere
descends beneath the adjacen plate
TRENCHES
- v-shaped valleys that lie along the bottom of the oceans
- deepest part of the ocean
PLATE BOUNDARIES
ASTHENOSPHERE
- plates lie a top of a layer partially molten rock
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
- plates move apart, called RIDGES
- also called CONSTRUCTIVE BOUNDARIES
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
- occur due to subduction (a process in which one plate is
pushed under another)
- also called DESTRUCTIVE BOUNDARIES