UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Feedback and Control

Systems
(CpE 315)
Prepared by:
JEANNALEN P. LUNOD
Department of Computer Engineering
 Topic Outline
• Laplace Transform Review

Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 2

 Intended Learning Outcomes
• ILO1: define Laplace transform
• ILO2: using tables, convert functions from
time to Laplace functions
• ILO3: use Laplace transform to solve the
given initial-value problem

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LAPLACE
TRANSFORM REVIEW

Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 4

 Laplace Transform Review
• A system represented by a differential
equation is difficult to model as a block
diagram
• With Laplace transform, we can represent
the input, output, and system as separate
entities.
• L 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑠) → finding 𝐹(𝑠) given
𝑓(𝑡)

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• Inverse Laplace transform
• L- -1 𝐹 𝑠 = 𝑓(𝑡)→ finding 𝑓(𝑡) given
𝐹(𝑠)
• Laplace Transform – used to facilitate and
systematize the solution of ordinary
constant-coefficient differential equations

Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 6

 Examples:
1. Find the Laplace transform of
𝑒 2𝑡 7𝑒 −6𝑡 𝑒 3𝑡 1
𝑓(𝑡) = + + −
5 22 5 8
Solution:
(refer to the table of Laplace transform)
1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1
L 𝑓 𝑡 = + + −
5 𝑠−2 22 𝑠+6 5 𝑠−3 8 𝑠

𝟏 𝟕 𝟏 𝟏
𝟓 𝟐𝟐 𝟓 𝟖
= 𝒔−𝟐 + + 𝒔−𝟑 − 𝒔
𝒔−𝟔
Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 7
2. Find the Laplace transform of
𝑓 𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 4𝑡 + 5 cos (6𝑡) + 𝑡 3 𝑒 2𝑡 − 5𝑒 4𝑡 + 1
Solution:
Recall: power-reducing identities
2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 2
2 1 −cos 2𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
2

1 − cos 8𝑡
𝑓 𝑡 =2 + 5 cos(6𝑡) + 𝑡 3 𝑒 2𝑡 − 5𝑒 4𝑡 + 1
2

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 𝑠 3! 1 1
L 𝑓 𝑡 = 1 − cos 8𝑡 + 5 + −5 +𝑠
𝑠 2 +62 𝑠−2 4 𝑠−4
1 𝑠 5𝑠 6 5 1
= − + + − +
𝑠 𝑠 2 +82 𝑠 2 +62 (𝑠−2)4 𝑠−4 𝑠
𝟐 𝒔 𝟓𝒔 𝟔 𝟓
= − 𝟐 + 𝟐 + −
𝒔 𝒔 +𝟔𝟒 𝒔 +𝟑𝟔 (𝒔−𝟐)𝟒 𝒔−𝟒

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• Use Laplace transform to solve the following
initial-value problems: (refer to the table of
Laplace transform)
3. 𝑦" + 9𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 0 = 0 , 𝑦 ′ 0 = 2
Solution:
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦 ′ 0 + 9𝑌 𝑠 = 0
substitute 𝑦 0 = 0 and 𝑦 ′ 0 = 2
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠 0 − 2 + 9𝑌 𝑠 = 0
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combine 𝑌(𝑠) terms
𝑌 𝑠 𝑠2 + 9 = 2
divide both sides of the equation by [𝑠 2 + 9]
𝟐
𝒀 𝒔 = 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

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4. 𝑦" + 2𝑦′ + 5𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 0 = 2 , 𝑦 ′ 0 = −4
Solution:
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦 ′ 0 + 2 𝑠𝑌(𝑠 − 𝑦(0)] + 5𝑌(𝑠) = 0
multiply 2 to the terms inside the braces
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦 ′ 0 + 2𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 2𝑦 0 + 5𝑌 𝑠 = 0
substitute 𝑦 0 = 2 ; 𝑦 ′ 0 = −4
𝑠22 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠 2 + 4 + 2𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 2 2 + 5𝑌 𝑠 = 0
𝑠 𝑌 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 4 + 2𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 4 + 5𝑌 𝑠 = 0
combine 𝑌(𝑠) terms
𝑌 𝑠 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5 = 2𝑠
divide both sides by [𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5]
𝟐𝒔
𝒀 𝒔 =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓

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5. 𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 0 = 2
Solution:
1
𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑦 0 + 4𝑌 𝑠 =
𝑠−1
substitute 𝑦 0 = 2
1
𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − 2 + 4𝑌 𝑠 = 𝑠−1
combine 𝑌(𝑠) terms and transpose −2 to the
other side
1
𝑌 𝑠 𝑠+4 = +2
𝑠−1
Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 13
combine the terms on the right side of the
equation before dividing both sides by [𝑠 +
4]
1+2𝑠−2
𝑌 𝑠 𝑠+4 =
𝑠−1
2𝑠−1
𝑌 𝑠 𝑠+4 =
𝑠−1
then divide both sides by 𝑠 + 4
𝟐𝒔−𝟏
𝒀 𝒔 = (𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔+𝟒)
Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 14
 Exercises:
• Find:
1. L {𝑡 3 + 5𝑡 − 2}
2. L {𝑒 2𝑡 (𝑡 3 + 5𝑡 − 2)}
3. L {(𝑡 3 + 4) 𝑒 2𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡}

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• Use Laplace transform to solve the following
initial-value problems:
4. 𝑦" + 4𝑦 = sin 3𝑡, 𝑦 0 = 2 , 𝑦′(0) = 1
5. 𝑦" + 4𝑦′ + 13𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 0 = 1 , 𝑦 ′ 0 = 2
6. 𝑦" − 2𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 0 = 3 , 𝑦 ′ 0 = 4

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 Summary
• With Laplace transform, the input, output,
and system can be represented as separate
entities.
• Laplace transform is used to facilitate and
systematize the solution of ordinary
constant-coefficient differential equations.
• Laplace transform can be used to solve
initial-value problems.

Feedback and Control Systems - Laplace Transform Review 17

 References
• Ghosh, S. (2007). Control Systems: Theory &
Applications. Canada: Pearson Education.
• Manke, B. S. (2005). Linear Control Systems
with MATLAB Applications. India: Khanna
• Nise, N. S. (2008). Control Systems
Engineering (5th ed.). New Jersey: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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