Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

High Hydrogen Gas Fuel Control & Protection

GENERAL
Turbines that are designed to operate on high hydrogen gas fuels (like refinery gas) are equipped
with controls to provide the following features:
1. Inert Purge of the gas fuel lines when GT is shutdown or is operating on Liquid Fuel.
2. Pre-start purge while starting the unit on distillate (Start-up on High Hydrogen Gas is
prohibited).
3. Inert purge of the gas fuel lines prior to transferring to High Hydrogen Gas.
4. Transfer to High Hydrogen Gas.
5. Inert purge of the gas fuel lines after transferring off High Hydrogen Gas.
6. Inert purge of the gas fuel lines after trip even when operating with High Hydrogen Gas.

The software diagram for the fuel selection is shown in Control Sequence Program.

INERT PURGE TEST

Inert purge test can be done during GT shut down condition (recommended) or Liquid Fuel
mode of operation with no High Hydrogen Gas (96FG-16A, B <50 psig) present upstream of
VS4-11. When the inert purge test is activated by operator, following sequence shall be
followed automatically.

Inert Purge Sequence:

1. Open VAH1-8 and Close VA13-32, verify N2 Pressure with 96HPG-1, 63HPG-1A, B
2. Confirm N2 pressure is within the range as mentioned in device summary & no N2 pressure
Low alarm.
3. Close VA13-13 and VA13-14; Open VAH1-2.
4. Confirm VA13-13 and VA13-14 closed (by 33PG-13C and 33PG-14C), then Open VAH1-1
and VAH1-3 staggered 3 secs apart.
5. After 3 sec of VAH1-3 open command, Open VA13-15 and VA13-20.
6. Start Inert purge timer.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

CLOSE

7. Successful completion of purge is indicated when TMR DP

transmitter (1 no.) / switches (2 nos.) 96HPGD’s and 63HPGD’s are more than 5 psid for the
duration of the purge (60 secs). If any 2 of 3 TMR HPGD‘s is less than 5 psid for 20 secs,
continue purge for 90 secs. Abort purge if still not successful.
8. At the end of successful inert purge, close VA13-20, VA13-15, VAH1-1, VAH1-2 and
VAH1-3 (Vent valves shall be closed first, then N2 purge valves).
9. Open VA13-13 and VA13-14, if GT is in liquid fuel with no High Hydrogen
Gas (96FG-16A, B <50 psig) present upstream of VS4-11.

PRE-START PURGE
Gas turbine start up shall occur on distillate only.

GT Start Permissive:
At GT start, if High Hydrogen Gas gas is present upstream of VS4-11, a pre-start N2 purge needs
to be completed before the GT is allowed to continue its start-up.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

The steps are as follows:

• If PT 96FG-16A, B > 50 Psig, Steps 1-7 of Inert purge sequence as detailed above to be
followed.
• At the end of successful inert purge, close VA13-20, VA13-15, VAH1-2 and VAH1-3
(Vent valves shall be closed first, then N2 purge valves). VAH1-1 shall be kept open to block
the P1 cavity between VS4-11 and VSR-11.

CLOSE

100% LIQUID FUEL MODE

GT startup and shutdown shall occur on distillate fuel only. During unavailability of High
Hydrogen Gas gas, the unit is allowed to run on distillate only modes.
There are two possible scenarios under this mode:
a) 100% Liquid Fuel Mode – High Hydrogen Gas NOT present upstream of VS4-11
b) 100% Liquid Fuel Mode – High Hydrogen Gas present upstream of VS4-11

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

100% Liquid Fuel Mode – High Hydrogen Gas NOT present:

CLOSE

The above diagram shows the fuel system valve status during the Liquid Fuel mode above 95%
speed, when High Hydrogen Gas fuel is not present upstream of VS4-11.

Key events:
• At 95% GT speed, VA13-13 and VA13-14 are opened, VA13-15 Closed - to allow
compressor discharge purge air to the High Hydrogen Gas nozzles.
• Vent valves VA13-20 and VA13-22 are open.
• If PT 96FG-16A, B < 50 Psig, N2 block of P1 cavity is not required
• Close VAH1-8 and open VA13-32 vent to prevent contamination of upstream N2 system.

During this mode, if High Hydrogen Gas pressure indicated by 96FG-16A, B > 50 Psig, the
actions described in the next mode shall be initiated.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

100% Liquid Fuel Mode – High Hydrogen Gas present:

CLOSE

The above diagram shows the fuel system status during Liquid Fuel operation when High
Hydrogen Gas pressure is detected at the inlet of the VS4-11 valves.

Key events:
ƒ If PT 96FG-16A, B indicate > 50 Psig, N2 block of P1 cavity is required
ƒ Steps 1-7 of Inert purge sequence as detailed in sections above to be followed.
ƒ At the end of successful inert purge, close VA13-20, VA13-15, VAH1-2 and VAH1-3
(Vent valves shall be closed first, then N2 purge valves). VAH1-1 shall be kept open to block
the P1 cavity between VS4-11 and VSR-11.
ƒ Loss of N2 pressure in the P1 cavity, as indicated by pressure transducer 96HPG-1 and
pressure switches 63HPG-1A, B, will trigger Low alarm at 63HPG-1A set point and will
trigger fired shutdown at 63HPG-1B set point. During the fired shutdown, if there is high
pressure in P2 cavity, as indicated by 96FG-12A, B, C > 50 Psig will initiate a trip to prevent
mixing air with High Hydrogen Gas fuel.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

INERT (N2) PURGE MODE PRIOR TO TRANSFER TO HIGH HYDROGEN GAS

CLOSE

The above diagram shows the fuel system status during inert purge mode prior to transfer to
High Hydrogen Gas.

Key events:
• The following are the permissives for this mode:
o GT load greater than the value specified in control specification
o Distillate fuel in operation
o High Hydrogen Gas temperature FT-GI-14A, B, 15A is in the range as mentioned in
Device summary
o High Hydrogen Gas pressure 96 FG–16A, 16B is in the range as mentioned in Device
summary
• Once fuel transfer to High Hydrogen Gas is selected, initiate Inert purge sequence as
detailed in sections above. Only Steps 2-7 to be followed.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

• N2 supply pressure is monitored by pressure instrumentation 96HPG1, 63HPG-1A, 1B.

If N2 pressure drops below Low Low set point, it triggers an action (with the time delay of 3
secs) to abort the purge and the transfer is inhibited.
• Upon successful purge completion, close VA13-20, VA13-22, VAH1-1, VAH1-2 and
VAH13-15. VAH1-3 should be left open to create a N2 block in the CPD purge cavity
between VA13-13 and VA13-14.
• Now the system is ready for transfer to High Hydrogen Gas.

TRANSFER TO HIGH HYDROGEN GAS MODE

Co-fire mode (mixed fuel operation) is not allowed for high hydrogen gas.
The operator should be able to select High Hydrogen Gas operation to transfer to 100% High
Hydrogen Gas

Permissive for this mode are:

• Successful inert purge determined by logics in previous step
• GT load limit: DWATT as mentioned in control specification
• High Hydrogen Gas temperature limits: FT-GI-14A,B, 15A as mentioned in device summary
• High Hydrogen Gas supply pressure limits: 96FG-16A, B as mentioned in device summary
• N2 block in CPD purge cavity: indicated by 96PG-12, 63PG-12A, B, no N2 Low alarm
• Unit operating on Distillate

The transfer sequence will go through following modes to reach 100% High Hydrogen Gas
Mode:

a) High Hydrogen Gas Manifold Pre-Fill Mode

b) Transfer Mode

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

High Hydrogen Gas Manifold Pre-fill Mode:

CLOSE

Upon meeting all the permissive listed above, transfer to High Hydrogen Gas sequencing should
start.
ƒ Close vent valves VA13-20 and VA13-22.
ƒ Open High Hydrogen Gas aux stop valve VS4-11.
ƒ Open SRV to maintain P2 pressure set point.
ƒ VGC-11 shall open to 10% stroke for 10 sec to pre-fill manifold with High Hydrogen Gas
(Monitoring and field tuning is required. Recommended to adjust the valve stroke to match
the pre-fill time 8-10 sec).

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

Transfer Mode:
ƒ Once pre-fill mode is complete, GT shall reach 100% High Hydrogen Gas mode in 60 secs.
ƒ VGC-11 opens from its prefill position and starts ramping up.
ƒ The rate of valve opening is controlled by the normal fuel transfer rate
ƒ No steady state point is allowed below 10% stroke of the valve
ƒ Abort transfer and go to 100% Liquid Fuel on failure of reaching 100% High Hydrogen Gas
mode in 60 secs.

100% HIGH HYDROGEN GAS MODE

CLOSE

In this mode GT may operate from FSNL to base load. But to transfer back to Liquid fuel, it
shall be above transfer permissible load as mentioned in control specifications.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

INERT (N2) PURGE MODE AFTER TRANSFER OFF HIGH HYDROGEN GAS

100%
% Syngas
0% 10%

HPG-2 N2 Purge Timer Starts

1 N2 Purge starts

100%

Syngas FSR

0%

100%
LF FSR
NG

0%

~10-15
sec

Transfer to NG Initiated HPG2 Purge Initiated Transfer Complete

The inert purge mode should start automatically as part of transfer off High Hydrogen Gas
sequencing once the appropriate permissive is met. The permissive for this mode include
allowable transfer GT load.
To mitigate risk of load or/and exhaust temp spike during High Hydrogen Gas manifold N2
purge due to unaccounted fuel being added to the combustor, the HPG2 purge should begin when
High Hydrogen Gas split reaches 10% (FX1=10%) before transfer to Liquid Fuel is complete.
Open VAH1-2 valve to initiate HPG-2 purge. The above plot describes the valve sequencing
strategy.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

CLOSE

The above diagram shows the fuel system status during inert purge mode during transfer to
Liquid Fuel.

Key events:
• During fuel transfer sequence, open VAH1-2 at High Hydrogen Gas split (FX1) is at 10% to
purge the High Hydrogen Gas manifold
• Once VGC-11, VSR-11 and VS4-11 are closed, (GT transferred to Liquid Fuel) open
VAH1-1. (VAH1-3 is already open to block CPD cavity during High Hydrogen Gas
operation)
• 3 Secs after VAH1-1 command, open VA13-15, VA13-22 and VA13-20.
• Start Inert purge timer

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HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

• Successful completion of purge is indicated by TMR DP

transmitter (1 no.) / switches (2 nos.) 96HPGD’s and 63HPGD’s are more than 5 psid for the
duration of the purge (60 secs). If any 2 of 3 TMR HPGD‘s is less than 5 psid for 20 secs,
continue purge for 90 secs. Abort purge if still not successful.
• N2 supply pressure is monitored by pressure instrumentation 96HPG1, 63HPG-1A, 1B.
If N2 pressure drops below Low Low set point, (with the time delay of 3 secs), a TRIP is
initiated.
• If purge is unsuccessful, the machine is tripped and the unit is locked out. Successful inert
purge is a permissive to restart the unit.
• Upon successful purge completion, Close VA13-20, VAH1-2, VAH1-3 and VAH13-15 and
Open VA13-13 and VA13-14 for CPD purge operation on the High Hydrogen Gas manifold.
VAH1-1 and VA13-22 will remain open to keep P1 cavity blocked with N2 and P2 cavity
vented.

TRIP EVENT
If unit trips while operating on 100% Liquid Fuel with High Hydrogen Gas present or High
Hydrogen Gas mode, trip event is followed by inert purge. If N2 purge fails during trip (as
indicated by 96 HPGD < LL Set point) unit is locked out. Successful inert purge is a permissive
to restart the unit.

Trip from 100% Liquid Fuel Mode:

If operating on 100% Liquid Fuel and GT trips, no purge is needed.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

Trip from High Hydrogen Gas Mode:

CLOSE

During any GT trip on High Hydrogen Gas gas, the closure of VGC-11 should trigger opening of
N2 valves VAH1-1 and VAH1-2 (VAH1-3 is already open to block CPD cavity during High
Hydrogen Gas operation). 3 secs after opening VAH1-1, open valves VA13-20, VA13-22 and
VA13-15 to carry out inert purging of High Hydrogen Gas manifold, P1 cavities and CPD cavity
and vent P2 cavity.

The purge should last 60 seconds. If inert purge fails, during restart selection of
“FIRE/AUTO/REMOTE” mode commands from <HMI> screen is inhibited. Only “CRANK”
mode can be selected. Once at Crank speed (> 24% Speed, L14HM=1) the operator can select
"INERT PURGE TEST" push button and a purge of all the purge legs is performed. This purge
test must be successful to allow the operator to select “FIRE/AUTO/REMOTE” mode
commands from <HMI> screen to continue the startup.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

LOAD REJECTION
Fuel nozzle passages on this application are sized such that the GT can achieve a load to FSNL
on load rejection on 100% High Hydrogen Gas.
Following strategy would be followed for start point and end point of load rejection
• Liquid Fuel to High Hydrogen Gas Transfer mode – load reject to FSNL Liquid Fuel
operation
• 100% High Hydrogen Gas operational mode – load reject to FSNL High Hydrogen Gas
operation
Load rejection from Liquid Fuel is treated similar to original Liquid Fuel unit. For load rejection
event from 100% High Hydrogen Gas operation, the strategy is to go to FSNL High Hydrogen
Gas and stay on High Hydrogen Gas. After the load rejection event, GT can load back up on
High Hydrogen Gas or load to permissible transfer load and transfer to Liquid Fuel. If the
operator decides to shutdown the GT instead of loading on High Hydrogen Gas or in the event of
unit unable to load back or load to permissible transfer load, the controls should initiate a trip
when the turbine speed drops to L14HS=0, 94% speed. Alternatively, unit can trip
instantaneously.

Load Rejection Signal

Pre-calculated FSR based on

FSR

Speed Control
FSNL condition

Min fuelling based

on Lean Blow Out (LBO)
~ 2 sec time

Time

Figure: Chart showing FSR schedule for load rejection

If load rejection happens during a fuel transfer - gas turbine should transfer to 100% Liquid Fuel
mode and recover speed.

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 Control and Protections

HIGH HYDROGEN GAS FUEL CONTROL & PROTN. – MS6001

SSOV CLOSURE AND VENTING REQUIREMENTS

Any of the following events results in immediate closure of the SSOV (VS4-11) and opening of
the vent valve (VA13-20) to remove fuel pressure from the piping cavity between the SSOV
(VS4-11) and the stop speed ratio valve (VSR-11):
• Fire detected in the gas turbine enclosure of gas valve module
• E-Stop initiated
• High-High LEL alarm
• Loss of inert gas pressure block in the P1 pressure cavity during backup fuel use when gas
fuel pressure is equal to or greater than 50 psig as sensed by instruments PT-96FG-16A, -16B
• Loss of ventilation in Fuel gas module during High Hydrogen Gas operation, sensed by TMR
ventilation pressure switches.

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