Abstract

The aim of this experiment is to understand the energy absorption capabilities concept by using the
metal deformation process. Both analytical and experimental approaches are used in this study. Also, in
this study, two different analytical methods are used. One of the analytical methods is named as based
on theoretical Fe, and the other one is named based on strain energy calculations. The purpose of those
analytical methods is to calculate the total work done. In the experimental approach, a simple tensile
test has been made. In order to prove the results of the analytical methods, experimental methods are
used. Before starting the simple tensile test, the dimensions of the specimen, such as diameter, length,
and wall thickness, are measured and recorded in the datasheet. Then, before placing the specimen in
the machine, some grease needed to be put into the machine in order to decrease the friction between
the tube and the machine. After then, the movement of the machine is started by the operator. From
the software of the test machine, the data of the load value and the crosshead movement can be
obtained.
Intoduction

One of the most essential quality of a great engineer is how much one can trust that engineer's
structures. Even if that structure may seem really small or not that important is actually important. So, in
order to become a good engineer, an engineering student must understand the deformation concept.
Understanding the deformation concept also means also understanding the material behavior under the
effect of any kind of loading. That is why this experiment is crucial for an engineering student. An
engineering student who truly understands the content and applications of this experiment can create
more reliable structures as an engineer in the future by making the right material choices.

There are quite several different methods of measuring the energy absorption capacity of materials. One
of them is scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method's main idea is based on examining the
surface of materials using electron beams. Thanks to this method, defects in materials can be evaluated.
Finding the defect in materials gives us information about the energy absorption abilities of the material.
Another approach is the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The main principle of this method is to study the
crystal structure of materials. Thanks to this method, the microstructures of the materials can be
examined, and their energy absorption abilities can be discovered.

The main objective of this experiment, which is about tube expansion using a conical die, is to evaluate
the mechanical properties and behavior of the tube material under the deformation process, which is
the simple tensile test. Expansion and deformation of the tube under compression forces were
investigated. Thanks to this experiment, information about the behavior of the material can be obtained.
Examples of these behaviors are ductility and strength.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the simple tension test done in this experiment showed that materials' energy absorption
capacity depends on various factors, such as the type of material, deformation method, and loading rate.
Energy absorption capabilities can be found by analyzing different materials' stress-strain curves and
deformation behavior. This information can help design and develop structures for various engineering
applications. Also, this experiment is crucial for providing the safety and reliability of various industrial
applications. In this experiment, as in every experiment, there are some deviations. There can be many
reasons for these deviations. Some of these reasons may be incorrect calibration, environmental factors,
and human errors. Although the results obtained in the experiment do not fully coincide with the
theoretical results, this situation does not affect the procedures to be done.
References

[1] Joy, D. C., Bradbury, S., & Ford, B. J. (2023, March 20). Scanning electron microscope

(SEM) | Definition, Images, Uses, Advantages, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/scanning-electron-microscope

[2] X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). (n.d.). Techniques.

https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html