Chapter 5- Composite columns

5.1 Introduction
A composite frame is defined as a
‘framed structure for a building, in
which some or all of the beams and
columns are composite members and
most of the remaining members are
structural steel members’.

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
The behavior of the composite frame is then
fundamentally different from that a RC
frame, where the connections between
beams and columns are usually monolithic.

 The treatment of composite frames in EC-4

is therefore related closely to the treatment
of steel frames in EC-3 and does not refer
EC-2, for concrete structures

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 Steel columns in multi-storey buildings
need protection from fire. This is often
provided by encasement in concrete

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
5.3 Beam-to-column connections
5.3.1 Properties of connections
 Three types of connection b/n a steel beam
and the flange of an H-section steel column
is shown in figures below.
 They are all bolted, because they are made
on site, where welding is expensive and
difficult to inspect.

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 The reinforcement may be provided
only for the control of cracking; but if it
consists of individual bars, rather than
welded fabric, the tension in the bars
may be assumed to contribute to the
bending resistance of the connection as
shown in Fig. (d).

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Introduction

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Introduction

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
 Where plastic global analysis is used (e.g. plastic
hinge theory in framed structures), small-diameter
bars may fracture before the rotation of the plastic
hinge in the beam becomes large enough for the
collapse mechanism to develop, so these bars
should probably be at least 12 mm in diameter.

 In the fin-plate connection of Fig. (a), the bolts are

designed mainly for vertical shear, and the flexural
stiffness is low.

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
 The end plate connection of Fig. (c) is likely to be
'semi-rigid’. The bolts at A resist a combination of
tension and shear, and bolts in the compression
zone (B and C) are designed for vertical shear only.
The web of the column has to be checked for
yielding in tension, in region D, for yielding or
buckling in compression, in region E, and (if an
external column) for shear

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
 the bending resistance is found by summing
moments about the mid-depth of the bottom
flange:

MRd=Fsd(hs+ha-tf/2)+Fbd(hb-tf/2)

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Chapter 5- Composite columns
5.3.2 Classifications of connections

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Design of non-sway composite frames

 A non-sway frame is one for which 2nd order effect

can be neglected (frame could be braced or non-
braced).

 Imperfections
The 1st step is to define the imperfections of the
frame as a result of lack of verticality of columns,
lack of fit, residual stresses, etc.)

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 The imperfections within a column length are allowed
for by the ‘buckling curves’ that give the reduction
factor for slenderness not in the frame imperfections

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5.4.2 Resistance to horizontal forces

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 In the above  is the storey drift and H and V are the storey
shear and story gravity load.
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Chapter 5- Composite columns
 Simplified design method of EC- 4, for columns

 Column. xps

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Uniaxial bending

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 Example

Composite Columns

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