Grade 10

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Mathematics Chapter Notes
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 CHAPTER NOTES

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Pair of Linear Equations in
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Two Variables
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 Topics

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 1. Linear Equations in Two Variables
General Form
Coefficients Constant
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
Variables

where, a and b are non-zero real numbers

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Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Consider two different equations in 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦,

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2𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 + 5 = 0
8𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 0
These two combined are known as pair of linear equations in two
variables.

General Form of Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

𝑎𝑎1𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0

𝑎𝑎2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2 = 0

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 2. Types of Pairs of Linear Equations
Parallel Lines Intersecting Lines Coinciding Lines

𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐1

= ≠ ≠ = =
𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2

Inconsistent equations
'S Consistent equations
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No solution At least one solution

3. Methods of Solving Pairs of

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Linear Equations
Methods of Solving

Graphical Method Algebraic Methods

Substitution Method Elimination Method Cross-Multiplication Method

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 3.1 Graphical Method
2𝑥𝑥 − 1𝑦𝑦 = −1 , 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 9

Find points to construct lines on a graph paper for the two given equations

To construct a line, we need at least two point of the line, we find the value
substituting values of x and y in the two equations.
2𝑥𝑥 − 1𝑦𝑦 = −1 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 9
𝒙𝒙 0

1
−

0
1
2
1

3
'S 𝒙𝒙

𝒚𝒚
0
9
3

0
1

3
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𝒚𝒚 2

Draw the two line on a graph and mark the points at which they intersect.
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(1, 3) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate

of the point at which the two lines
intersect is the solution(s) of the pair of
equations.
x” x

y”

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 3.2 Substitution Method
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4 , 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 2

Take one of the equations and move 'y' to LHS and the rest to RHS
to get the value of 'y' in terms of 'x'.

𝑦𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥𝑥

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Substitute the obtained value of 'y' in the other equation to get the
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numerical value of 'x'.

𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 2
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𝑥𝑥 − 4 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2
2𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 2
𝑥𝑥 = 3

Now, substitute the obtained value of 'x' in either of the equations to

get the value of 'y'.

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4
3 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4
𝑦𝑦 = 1

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 3.3 Elimination Method
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18 , 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 32
1 2
Note down equations aligned to respective Pick the variable which will be easier to
variables as shown. eliminate.

+3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18 +3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18

+5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32 +5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32

3 4
Equalise the coefficients of the variable to
Subtract the second equation from the first
be eliminated by multiplying every term of
the equation with the same number.
'S equation by reversing all the signs.
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+3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18 +6𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 =
= +36
=
×2 ×2 ×2
−5𝑥𝑥 −4𝑦𝑦 =
= −32
=
+5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32
+𝑥𝑥 =
+0𝑦𝑦 = +4
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Substitute the value of the now known Verify the values obtained for
variable into the simpler equation to get the 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 by putting them
value of the other variable. in the given equations
We know that,
𝑥𝑥 = 4 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18,
And, 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18
LHS = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦
⇒ 3 × 4 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18
= 3 × 4 + 2 × 3
⇒ 12 + 2 = 18
= 18
= RHS
⇒ 2𝑦𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 3
5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 32
From the above, x = 4 and y = 3. LHS = 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦
Therefore, (4,3) is the solution of the = 5 × 4 + 4 × 3
simultaneous equations 32
= RHS
“3x + 2y = 18" and
“5x + 4y = 32".

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 Types of Pairs of
General Form of a Linear Equations
Linear Equation

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Pair of Linear
Equations in Two
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Variables
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Methods of Solving
Pairs of
Linear Equations
Graphical
Method

Algebraic
Method

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