MODULE 12

IN
MATHEMATICS 8
THIRD QUARTER

Unit 3
Linear Equations

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 1
 Unit III
Linear Equations

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Correctly determine whether the graph of a linear equation is increasing or decreasing;
 Accurately graph a linear equation using either the intercepts or the slope and the y-intercept;
and
 Correctly solve word problems involving linear equations.

Learn about it!

Recall the following concepts:

• The standard form of a linear equation in two variables x and y , is A x +By=C , where A , B ,
and C are integers, and A and B are not both equal to 0. By convention, A should also be
nonnegative.
• The slope-intercept form of a linear equation in two variables x and y is y=mx+b , wherem is
the slope and b is the y-intercept.
• The graph of a linear equation in two variables is a line.

Study the graph of y=2 x−6 .

What can you say about the two points used to graph the line? How do you think are these
points obtained?

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 2
 Lines may be graphed in different ways.

Graphing Lines Using the Intercepts

Linear equations can be graphed using their intercepts: x-intercept and y-intercept.

Definition 5.1: The x-intercept is the point where the line passes
through the x-axis. The coordinates of the
x - intercept follow the form(x , 0) .

To find the x-intercept, substitute y=0 into the linear equation and solve for x .

Definition 5.2: The y-intercept is the point where the line passes
through the y-axis. The coordinates of the y-
intercept follow the form (0 , y ).

To find the y-intercept, substitute into the linear equation and solve for .

Graphing Lines Using the Slope and y-Intercept

Another method of graphing linear equations is by using the slope and the y-intercept.
In this method, you will use the formula:

rise
m=
run

Rise is the number of units you will count up from your y-intercept. Run is the number of
units you will count left or right, depending on the sign.

The process starts by plotting the y-intercept along the y-axis. From there, the slope is used to
find the second point by counting a certain number of units up (rise), and counting a certain number
of units to the left or to the right (run).

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 3
 The slope, as discussed earlier, is a measure of how steep a line is. In addition, the slope is
used to understand the behavior of a given line.
• A line is said to be increasing if its slope has a positive value(m>0).
• A line is decreasing if it has a negative slope(m<0).
• A line is constant if it has a slope of 0(m=0) .

Given the graph of a line, the slope's behavior can be determined without solving for the exact
value of the slope. Starting from the left side of the line, trace the line going to the right side of the
Cartesian plane. If you trace going up, the slope of the line is positive and it is increasing. If you
trace going down, the slope of the line is negative and it is decreasing.

Let’s Practice!

Example 1
Sketch the graph of the linear equation3 x+ 2 y =−1.

Solution:
Note that two points are enough to draw a line. So the goal would then be
to determine two points on the line from the equation.

To find points, we perform the following:

Step 1
Assign a value to one of the variables and substitute it into the linear equation. Here,
let us use y=1 .
3 x+ 2 y =−1
3 x+ 2(1)=−1
Step 2
Solve for the value of the other variable.
3 x+ 2(1)=−1
3 x+ 2=−1
3 x=−1−2
3 x=−3
3 x −3
=
3 3
x=−1
Since y=1 corresponds to x=−1, it follows that the point (−1 , 1) lies on the line. Be
sure to write the numbers in the proper order; x should always come first.
Unit 3 Linear Equation
Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 4
 Repeat the same process to find a second point.

Step 3
Assign a value to one of the variables and substitute it into the linear equation. This
time, we let x=1.
3 x+ 2 y =−1
3(1)+2 y=−1

Step 4
Solve for the value of the other variable.
3(1)+2 y=−1

3+2 y=−1

2 y=−1−3
2 y=−4

2 y −4
=
2 2
y=−2
Since x=1 corresponds to y=−2, it follows that the point (1 ,−2) also lies on the line.
Now, we can graph the line.

Step 5
Plot the two points on the Cartesian plane.
The two points are (–1, 1) and (1, −2).

Step 6
Draw a straight line through the two points.

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 5
Example 2
Sketch the graph of x−4 y=8 using its intercepts.
Solution:
Step 1
Find the x – intercept.
Let y=0
x−4 y=8
x−4(0)=8
x−0=8
x=8+ 0
x=8

The x-intercept is 8. Its coordinates are (8, 0).

Step 2

Find the y-intercept.

Let x=0 .

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 6
 x−4 y=8
0−4 y=8
4 y=8+ 0
4 y=8
4y 8
=
4 4
y=2

The y-intercept is −2. Its coordinates are (0, −2).

Step 3
Plot the intercepts and connect them to graph the line.

Example 3
Graph the linear equation y=2 x +3 using the slope and y-intercept.

Solution:

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 7
Step 1
Write the linear equation in slope-intercept form.

y=2 x +3

Step 2

Find the slope and y-intercept.

m=2 b=3∨(0 3)

Step 3
Plot the y-intercept.

Step 4

Find the second point using the slope.

The slope, 2, can be written as a fraction.

rise
m=
run

2
m=
1

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 8
 Step 5
Draw the line by connecting the two points.

Check Your Understanding!

1. Sketch the graph of the equation x−2 y=4.

2. Graph the line formed by the equation 2 x+3 y =6 using its intercepts.

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 9
 References:

 Baron, Lorraine, et al. Math Makes Sense 8. Canada: Pearson Education, 2008.

 Maths Is Fun. “Linear Equations.” Accessed January 6, 2018.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/linear-equations.html

 McGraw-Hill Education. Glencoe Math Volume 1. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2013.

 Reference. “What is the Greenwich Meridian?” Accessed February 23, 2018.

https://www.reference.com/science/greenwich-meridian-f657acf27cfa0c42

 https://mediacdn.quipper.com/media/
W1siZiIsIjIwMTgvMTEvMTYvMDgvMjgvNTYvODA0YzNjMGMtODNiMi00ZDQ4LTk5ODUtOGQ3OTU1
ZDNiY2EzL004JTIwMDMlMjBRMSUyMEZELnBkZiJdXQ.pdf?sha=277373769fa3b9b2

Unit 3 Linear Equation

Lesson 5 Graphing Linear Equations pg. 10