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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Graphing Linear Functions and
Problems Involving Linear Functions
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Graphing Linear Functions and Problems Involving Linear
Functions

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ana Cleo C. Razon PhD

Louie Joy J. Rosit PhD

Editors: Julius J. Igot EdD

Kenneth Regene B. Blasco

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competencies:
The learner graphs and illustrates a linear function and its (a) domain; (b) range;
(c) table of values; (d) intercepts; and (e) slope (M8AL-IId-e-1).
The learner solves problems involving linear functions (M8AL-IIe-2).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 graph linear functions using two points of the line, the x and y intercepts, slope and one point
and slope and y intercept; and
 solve word problems involving linear functions.

Lesson 1: Graphing Linear Functions (With Any Two Points and

With x and y Intercepts)

What is it

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTIONS USING TWO POINTS

One method of graphing a linear equation is using two points. In Geometry, you learned that two
points determine a line. Since the graph of the linear equation is a line, thus two points are enough to
draw a graph of a linear equation.

Example:
Graph the function y = 2x + 1.
You may assign any two values for x, say 0 and 1.
By substitution,
x=0 x=1
y=2x+1 y=2x+1
y=2(0)+1 y=2(1)+1
y=0+1 y=2+1
y=1 y=3
So the ordered pairs are:
(0, 1) (1, 3)
This means that the line passes through these points. After finding the ordered pairs of the two points,
plot and connect them. Your output is the graph of the linear equation.

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTIONS USING X-INTERCEPT AND Y-INTERCEPT

 x-intercept is the abscissa of the coordinates of the point in which the graph intersects the x-axis.
It is a point on the graph where y is zero.
Example:
If you are given with a=5 as your x-intercept, then you will have the point (5 , 0).
 y-intercept is the ordinate of the coordinates of the point in which the graph intersects the y-axis.
It is a point on the graph where x is zero.
Example:
If you are given with b=−4 as your y-intercept, then you will have the point (0 ,−4).

Remember:
The linear equation can be graphed by using x-intercept a and y-intercept b. The x- and y-
intercepts of the line could represent two points, which are (a, 0) and (0, b). Thus, the intercepts are
enough to graph the linear equation.

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Example:
Graph the equation y = 2x + 1 using the x- and y-intercept method.

To graph the equation y = 2x + 1 using this method, you need to determine the y-intercept and x-
intercept.

Identifying the y-intercept:

Since the equation y = 2x + 1 is in the slope-intercept form, then the y-intercept is 1. Thus, the
ordered pair will be (0, 1).

Solving for the x-intercept:

To solve for the x-intercept, substitute the value of y

with 0 in the equation. So,

y=2x+1
Let y=0,
0=2x+1 Substitution
-2x=1 Addition Property of Equality

( −12 ) ¿x)=( −12 )(1) Multiplication Property of

Equality
−1
x= x-intercept
2
−1
Ordered Pair: ( ,0¿
2

Now, plot the x- and y-intercepts, and then connect them.

What’s More

Directions: Answer the following:

1.) Graph the linear equation that passes through the given pair of points:
a. (1, 2) and (3, 4)
b. (-4, -4) and (4, 4)

2.) Using the linear equation f(x) = x + 5,

a. identify its x- and y-intercept;
b. graph using the identified x- and y-intercept.

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 Lesson 2: Graphing Linear Functions (With Slope and One Point and
With Slope and y-Intercept)

What is it

o Slope of a line refers to the steepness of a line. It can be solved using the formula:
rise
y= .
run

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTIONS USING SLOPE AND ONE POINT

In graphing linear functions using a slope and one point, you need to follow the steps:
1) Plot the given point;
2) Find the other point using the given slope.
3) Connect the two points with a line.

Example:
Graph the linear function given the point P(-2, -1)
3
and slope of its graph.
5
Solution:
Step 1: Plot the point P(-2, -1).
Step 2: Determine another point on the graph using the
3 3=rise
slope . This means . Using P(-2, -1) as
5 5=run
the starting point, we move 3 units upward since
rise=3 and 5 units to the right since run=5. By then
we reach to point Q(3, 2).
Step 3: Connect points P and Q with a line to obtain the
graph of the linear function.

GRAPHING LINEAR FUNCTIONS USING SLOPE AND Y – INTERCEPT

In graphing linear functions using a slope and y-intercept, you need to follow the steps:
1) Plot the given y intercept;
2) Find the other point using the given slope.
3) Connect the two points with a line.

Example:

Graph the linear function given the y- intercept 2

−4
and the slope of its graph.
3
Solution:
Step 1: With the given y-intercept 2, you will have the
point P(0, 2). Locate the point P(0, 2) on the y-axis.
This will be your starting point.

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 Step 2: Determine another point on the graph using the
−4 −4=rise
slope . This means . Since the rise is less
3 3=run
than zero, we move 4 units downward. Then
run=3, so we move 3 units to the right. With that,
we reach the point S (3, -2).
Step 3: Connect points P and S with a line to obtain the
graph of the linear function.
What’s More

Directions: Identify the indicated graph of the following. The choices are found in the box
below. Write the letter of the correct answer.
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1) The graph containing the slope m= and point(−3 , 1).
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2) The graph containing the slope m=2 and point(−1 , 3).
−3
3) The graph containing the slope m= and y intercept b=1.
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4) The graph containing the slope m=1 and y intercept b= - 4 .

a. c.

b. d.

Lesson 3: Problems Involving Linear Functions

What is it

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 Linear relationships are often used to model real-life situations. Below is an example of a word
problem where linear functions are applied.

Example:

1) Jocie works as a crew in a fast food center where she earns P50 per hour. Make a table that
relates the number of hours that she works (x) and her pay (y). Write an equation representing
this relation then draw the graph that shows the relationship.
Solution:
The table shows the number of hours (x) that Jocie works and her corresponding pay (y).

Number of hours (x) 1 2 3 4 5

10 20
Pay (y) 50 150 250
0 0

Since the value of Jocie’s pay (y) depends on

the number of hours that she works (x) and she is paid
by P50 per hour, the equation will be

y = 50x.

At the right is a graph of the function showing

the relationship of number of hours that Jocie works
(x) and her pay (y).

What’s More

Directions: Answer the following:

1. Suppose that a pay phone service charge is P7 per minute. Let x represent the number of
minutes that a caller uses the payphone, and let y represent the total amount to be paid. Write the
function that shows the relationship. Tabulate and graph the function.

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer
sheet. Show your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

For numbers 1-2, kindly refer to the graph below.

1) What is the slope of the graph?

a. 2 b. -2 c. 1 d. ½

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2) Basing on the slope of the graph, what is the value of the rise?
a. 2 b. -2 c. 1 d. ½

3) A Cell Phone Company charges P1000 per month plus P6 per minute of airtime usage. If Julia
uses x minutes of airtime,what equation can be used to determine her monthly cell phone bill (C)?
a. C = 6x + 1000 b. C = 1000 + x + 6 c. C =1000 (6x) d. C = 6 + 1000x

For numbers 4-5, kindly refer to the graph below:

4) Basing on the graph, which of the following points is the y-intercept?

a. (0, 2) b. (1, 0) c. (2, -2) d. (3, -4)

5) Basing on the graph, which of the following points is the x-intercept?

a. (0, 2) b. (1, 0) c. (2, -2) d. (3, -4)

6) Which of the following is the graph of the function with the point (-3, -2) and slope m=1?

a. c.

b. d.

7) Jacob collects hats. He has 6 hats already, and he collects 2 hats a week. Which of the following
tables shows the relationship of the number of weeks (x) and the total number of hats collected
(y)?

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 a. b. c. d.

8) At a skating rink, an ice skater pays an initial amount of P150 plus P50 for every hour of use.
Identify the amount to be paid if the ice skater used the rink for 4 hours.
a. P150 b. P200 c. P300 d. P350

For numbers 9-10, the choices are presented in the box below.

a. c.

b. d.

9) Which graph has the slope m = 4 and y-intercept (0, 4)?

10) Which graph contains the point (1, 2) and has the slope m = -2.

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Reference

Abuzo, E. et.al 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-Bureau of
Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 2 – Module 5
Lesson 1
What’s More

1.a. 1.b.

2.a. y-intercept = ________

x – intercept = _______

. 2.b.

Lesson 2 Lesson 3
What’s More What’s More
1. 1. Equation: _____________
2.
3. Table:

Graph:
Assessment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 8
8.
9.
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