8th grade

LINEAR EQUATION
AND ITS GRAPH
 What is this module all about?

01 02 03
Linear Equation Graphs of Linear Orientation of
Equation a Line

a. Graphs of Linear Equation using two points

b. Graphs of Linear Equation using x and y - intercept
c. Graphs of Linear Equation using Slope and y-intercept
d. Graphs of Linear Equation using slope and one point
What are you going to learn?

Write the linear equation ax + by = c in the form y = mx + b and vice versa

Graph a linear equation given (a) any two points; (b) the x and y - intercepts;
(c) the slope and a point on the line

Describe the graph of a linear equation in terms of its intercepts and slope.
 01
LINEAR EQUATION
LINEAR
EQUATION
 The equation of a line through point (0, b) with slope m is given by: .
 In order to determine the slope of a line given its equation, we must transform
the equation into its slope-intercept form by isolating y on one side. The
numerical coefficient of x on the other side is its slope and the constant is the y-
intercept, which you denote as b.

NOTE: You denote x-intercept by the variable (a). Remember that if b is the y-
intercept of a line, then it passes through point (0, b).
ILLUSTRATION
Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form with a slope of -5
01 and a y-intercept of 3.

The needed information to write the equation of the line in the form y =
mx + b is clearly given in the problem since m = -5 (slope) and b = 3 (y-
intercept).

Substituting in y = mx + b, we obtain
y = (-5)x + 3
y = -5x + 3
ILLUSTRATION

01 Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form with a slope of -5 and a y-
intercept of 3.

y = -5x + 3 If x = 0, then y = 3.
Furthermore, if x = 2, then y = -7. So, the
x=0 x=2
ordered pairs are (0, 3) and (2, -7). This
y = -5x + 3 y = -5x + 3 means that the line contains these points.
y = -5(0) + 3 y = -5(2) + 3
After finding the ordered pairs of the
y=0+3 y = -10 + 3 two points, plot and connect them.
y=3 y = -7
(0, 3) (2, -7)
 ILLUSTRATION

02 What is the slope and y-intercept of the line whose equation is 9x?

The equation is in standard form, that’s why we need to convert it in

slope-intercept form to find the slope and the y-intercept. Let’s follow the
formula for slope-intercept form, which is , hence, we just need to transpose
term/s:
a. yIsolate y on the left side to transform the equation into slope intercept form.
Now that it is in slope-intercept form, we can already identify the slope and the y-
intercept.
b. Slope = -9 and y-intercept = -2
 02
GRAPHS OF LINEAR EQUATION
Using Two Points & Using x-Intercept
and y-Intercept
USING TWO POINTS (x1, y1) (x2, y2)

One method of graphing a linear equation is using two points.

In Geometry, you learned that two points determine a line.
Since the graph of the linear equation is a line, two points are
enough to draw a graph of a linear equation.
ILLUSTRATION

01 Graph the function y = 2x -3.

To graph the equation y = 2x - 3 using two points, you can freely assign any
two values for x, say 0 and 2. By substitution,
x=0 x=2
y = 2x - 3 y = 2x - 3
y = 2(0) - 3 y = 2(2) - 3
y=0-3 y=4-3
y = -3 y=1
(0, -3) (2, 1)
GRAPH

01 (0, -3) and (2, 1).

(2,1)

(0,3)
USING OF X-INTERCEPT & Y-INTERCEPT

 The linear equation can be graphed by using the x-intercept (a) and the y-
intercept (b). The x and y-intercepts of the line could represent two
points, which are (a, 0) and (0, b). Thus, the intercepts are enough to
graph the linear equation.
 ILLUSTRATION
02 Graph 2x – 3y = 12.
To graph the equation 2x 3y = 12 using x and y intercept, you need to solve for the
x-intercept by letting y = 0 and the y-intercept by letting x = 0.
To find the x – intercept, set y = 0
To find the y – intercept, set x = 0
2x – 3y = 12
2x – 3y = 12
2x – 3(0) = 12 Substitution
2(0) – 3y = 12 Substitution
= (divide both sides by 2)
= (divide both sides by 2)
x=6 Simplification
y = -4 Simplification
(6, 0)
(0, -4)
GRAPH

02 (6, 0) and (0, -4).

(6,0)

(0,-4)
 03
USING SLOPE AND Y-INTERCEPT
and Using Slope and One Point
 USING SLOPE AND Y-INTERCEPT
● Identify first the slope(m) and the y-intercept (0,b)
In the same equation y = 2x + 1, the slope m is 2 and y-intercept b is 1.

STEPS
 Plot first the y-intercept.
 Use the slope to find the other point.
 Remember that 2 means 2/1, which means rise = 2 and run = 1.
Note: If the numerator is negative, then it moves downward. If the denominator is
negative it means it moves to the left.
ILLUSTRATION
01 We have y = + 2 based on the given equation the m = and b = 2 (0, 2)

m=
y-intercept (0, 2)
GRAPH
(5,5)

01 From the point of (0,2)

move 3 steps upward
and 5 steps to the right, (0,2)
which is equivalent to
the slope of 3 over 5.
 USING SLOPE AND ONE POINT

This can be done by plotting first the given point, then finding
the other point using the slope.
ILLUSTRATION
02 The linear equation y = -3x + 7 has a slope of -3 and a point (0, 7).

To find a point from this equation, we may assign any value for x in the given
equation. Let’s say, x = 0. The value of y can be computed in the following manner:
y = -3x + 7 Given
y = -3(0) + 7 Substitution
y=0+7 Simplification
y=7 Simplification
slope = -3 Point:(0, 7)
 
 GRAPH 02
(0,7)

Plot the point (0, 7). Use the slope -3 (1,4)

over 1 in finding the next point. The
numerator will determine if it will move
upward for positive and downward for
negative values. Since the numerator is
negative 3 then it moves 3 steps
downward. The denominator will
determine if it will move to the right or
left. Since the denominator is positive 1,
then it moves one step to the right.
 04
ORIENTATION OF A LINE
ORIENTATION OF A LINE
GRAPH SLOPE ORIENTATION OF
A LINE

Positive Rising Line

Negative Falling Line

Zero Horizontal

Undefined Vertical
ILLUSTRATIONS
01 y = -5x + 9

Since it has a slope equal to -5 and it is negative; therefore, it is Falling line.

02 m = 4 (3, -6)

Since it has a slope equal to 4 and it is positive; therefore, it is Rising line.

 ILLUSTRATIONS

03 (1,3) (2,8)

Since the given has no slope, but there are two points given, find the slope using this formula a
discussed in the previous lesson:
m= y2 – y1 = 8 – 3 = 5 = 5 Since we get the slope equivalent to positive 5; it is
x 2 – x1 2 – 1 1 Rising Line
ILLUSTRATIONS
04 y=3

Since the given has zero slope and y-intercept of 3, the line passes through
(0,3). Therefore, its graph is horizontal with zero slope.

05 x=2

Since the given has zero slope and x-intercept of 2, the line passes through (2,
0). Therefore, its graph is vertical with zero slope.
Thank you