EFFECTIVE

NOTE-TAKING
 PLAGIARISM

defined as the the verbatim

copying of language and ideas
of other writers and taking
credit for them
 Types of Plagiarism
01 02
PLAGIARISM OF PLAGIARISM OF
IDEAS LANGUAGE
Plagiarism of Ideas

a credit for a work is ascribed

to oneself untruthfully
 Proper Citations

Author- Text-oriented Other Ways

oriented Citation
Citation
Author -oriented citation

It starts with the surname of the author, followed by

the year of publication in parenthesis. Verbs at the
start of the paragraph or sentence may be used.
 Text -oriented citation
A paragraph or sentence from a source is followed
with the surname of the author of the work and the
year of publication. The citation must be enclosed in
parantheses.
 Another way
Start the sentence or paragpraph by using the phrase
“According to...” followed by the surname of the
author and the year of publication enclosed in
parantheses.
Plagiarism of Language

an author uses the language

of another writer and claims it
as his/her own.
Note-Taking Techniques

Using Direct Summarizing Paraphrasing

Quotations
Using Direct Quotations

This is employed for statements that are so closely

associated that altering the words may lose its
rhetorical impact.
 Direct Quotations
01 Lift text and enclose them in
quotation marks. In addition
02 Interpolation may be done to
insert notes within the directly
quoted passage to help readers
to the author’s name, the
Task Name
page numbers are included.
understand the context.

03 If the text is too long, you

may omit certain parts and
Task Name
04 As a rule of thumb, 20
percent of the total length
of work may employ direct
replace them with an
quotations.
ellipsis.
 Summarizing

A summary is a short restatement of the main idea

of the text.
 Summarizing
01 Read the text thoroughly
and highlight the important
02 Use your own words. Maintain
the relationship of ideas in the
details in the text. Note original text.
Task Name
relationships.

03
Task Name
When done, recheck your
output with the original to
see if your output does not
stray from the original.
 Paraphrasing

A restatement in your own words of the main

idea and supporting details of a text.
 Paraphrasing
01 Read the text thoroughly
noting both main ideas and
02 State major and minor points in
your own words, making sure
supporting details. You may that the relationships among
Task Name
outline. the ideas are observed.

03
Task Name
Compare your work with
the original to make sure
that the original intentions
are not changed.
 Paraphrasing
01 LITERAL PARAPHRASHING 02 STRUCTURAL PARAPHRASING
changes the sentence structure
replaces vocabulary terms
Task Name as well as the word class of key word

03
Task Name
t ALTERNATIVE PARAPHRASING
he writer poses questions about the
text, and then later answers these
questions
THANK YOU