SNJB’s

SHRI H.H.J.B. POLYTECHNIC, CHANDWAD, DIST. NASHIK

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
AGRICULTURE SPREY DRONE
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma in Electronics
and Tele Communication

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Submitted By
Mr. SURYAWANSHI SHUBHAM POPAT Mr. WAGH PRASAD RAVINDRA
Miss. PAWAR PRIYANKA RAJENDRA Mr. BADODE VIKAS SAHEBRAO

Under the Guidance of

Mr. M.A.Nalawade
Department of Electronics and Tele Communication
SHRI H.H.J.B. POLYTECHNIC, Chandwad

A.Y. 2023-2024
 SNJB’s
SHRI H.H.J.B. POLYTECHNIC, CHANDWAD, DIST.NASHIK

CERTIFICATE
Certified that, this project report submitted by,
Mr. SURYAWANSHI SHUBHAM POPAT Mr. WAGH PRASAD RAVINDRA
Miss. PAWAR PRIYANKA RAJENDRA Mr. BADODE VIKAS SAHEBRAO

The students of Third Year Electronics & Tele-Communication as a part of

PROJECT work are prescribed by the Board of Technical Examination, Mumbai.

Subject ‘AGRICULTURE SPREY DRONE’

And that I have guided them for the said work from time to time and I
found them to be satisfactorily progressive.

And that the said work has been assessed by me and I am satisfied that
the same is up to standard envisaged for the level of the course. And that the
said work may be presented to the External Examiner.

Mr.M.A.Nalawade Mr. Thakre N.R

(Project Guide) (H.O.D.)

External Examiner Dr.V.A.Wankhede

(Principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we express our sincere regards & sense of gratitude to our
honorable Principal Dr V A Wankhede Sir, whose moral support &
guidance enable us to complete this project.

Now, We grab this opportunity to express our hearty regards to our

project Guide Prof. M.A.Nalawade Sir for his outstanding moral
support, encouragement, Valuable Guidance & nature of helping
everyone for anything at any time.

We, also, thanks to our respected teachers Prof. S.T. Patil, Prof. P.V
Narale, Prof. D.N. Pawar, and all other teaching staff members. We
are grateful to them for their inspiring presence and valuable
Guidance

Our sincere thanks to Prof.N.R Thakare, H.0.D. of Electronics &

Tele- Communication Engg. Dept. for his outstanding helping hand
without whom, it is impossible for anyone of us to complete this
project.

We are indebted to Mr.J.V.Shimpi, Mr.M.T.Chavan, & other staff-

members of workshop, who provides us with necessary tools &
Practical help to our work.
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr.No Name Of Figure No. Of Figure Page No.

1 Block Diagram 5.1 5

2 Circuit Diagram 5.3 8

3 Arduino 5.4.1 10

4 MQ-3 Sensor 5.4.2 a 12

5 MQ-3 Pinout 5.4.2 b 13

6 16 x 2 LCD 5.4.3 14

7 Relay Module 5.4.4 17

8 Slide Switch 5.4.5 20

9 Arduino IDE Software 5.5.1 22

10 Proteus Software 5.5.4 26

11 Flowchart 5.6 27
 ABBREVATION

VDD Positive Power Supply

GND Ground

VCC Collector-Collector Voltage

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

TX Transmitter

RX Receiver

OSC Oscillator

USB Universal serial Bus

IC Integrated Circuit

E Encoder

D Decoder

LED Light Emitting Diode

PWM Pulse Width Modulation

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

OS Operating System
 ABSTRACT

One of main source of income in of India is Agriculture. The production rate of crops in
agriculture is based on various parameters like temperature, humidity, rain, etc. Which are
natural factors and not in farmers control. The field of agriculture is also depends on some of
factors like pests, disease, fertilizers, etc which can be control by giving proper treatment
to crops. Pesticides may increase the productivity of crops but it also affects on human health.
So the main aim of this paper is to design agriculture drone for spraying pesticides. In this
paper, we are going to discus different architecture based on
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The use of pesticides in agriculture is very important to
agriculture and it will be so easy if will use intelligent machines such as robots using new
technologies. This paper gives the idea about various technologies used to
reduce human efforts in various operations of agriculture like detection of presence of pests,
spraying of UREA, spraying of fertilizers, etc. This paper describes the development of quad
copter UAV and the spraying mechanism. In this paper we also
discuss integration of sprayer module to quad copter system. The discussed system involves
designing a prototype which uses
simple cost effective equipment like BLDC motor, Arduino, ESC wires, etc.
Keywords: Unmanned Arial vehicles, Brushless motors, remote sensing, ESC wires, Li Pro
wireless charger.
Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 2.....................................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE SURVEY...................................................................................................................2
2.1 Problem Statement..................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 3.....................................................................................................................................3
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 4.....................................................................................................................................4
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 5.....................................................................................................................................5
DETAILS OF DESIGNS, WORKING AND PROCESSES.......................................................................5
5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM......................................................................................................................5
5.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................6
5.3 WORKING.................................................................................................................................8
5.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................10
5.5 SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING..........................................................................................22
5.6 FLOWCHART..........................................................................................................................27
5.7 COMPONENT LIST WITH COST...............................................................................................28
CHAPTER 6....................................................................................................................................29
RESULTS AND APPLICATIONS....................................................................................................29
6.1 RESULTS.................................................................................................................................29
6.2 APPLICATIONS........................................................................................................................29
CHAPTER 7....................................................................................................................................30
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE............................................................................................30
7.1 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................30
7.2 FUTURE SCOPE.......................................................................................................................30
CHAPTER 8....................................................................................................................................31
DATASHEETS.............................................................................................................................31
1. ARDUINO.............................................................................................................................31
2. MQ-3 Sensor........................................................................................................................32
3. 16x2 LCD..............................................................................................................................33
4. RELAY MODULE....................................................................................................................35
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................36
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

playing vital role in Agricultural industry.Upcoming generation prefers technology based

agriculture for their farms. Drones with Remote control system used widely for spraying
purpose.
Drone -Tech initiates modern farming Culture in India.

For surveying and monitoring of crop land Drone with Special cameras are used for a wide
range operations.
Most wanted Technology to Increase production rate in Agricultural industry.
We Aerial Drobotics Helps you to spray your farm.

Spraying drones for rental purpose Available atAERIAL DROBOTICS

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Sensors and virtual imaging capabilities can provide farmers a richer image of their fields.
Using an agriculture drone and collecting information from it could show beneficial in
enhancing crop yields and farm efficiency.
Drones are formally known as unmanned aerial vehicle. The operation of drones can be
controlled by pilot.
Drone can spray pesticides 40-60 times faster than manual spraying. Drone spraying can save
up to 90% of water usage
and 40% of pesticide usage. Interchangable nozzles are used for optimized spraying.
Drone spraying boosts the crop yield and minimize the expenses of pesticides. .
The drone operators are free to monitor the drone spraying fertilizers that keep insects, pests,
and worms away and increase crop life longevity.Easy and intelligent operation method used
widely in agriculture.
Drones providing Optimum spraying results across varying topography.Smart farms use drones
for agriculture
spraying, which reduces the contact of humans with fertilizers, pesticides and other harmful
chemicals. Drones enhances spraying capacity up to five times faster than with
traditional machinery In comparison to conventional spraying methods, the cost of drone
spaying is
reduced.

1
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Prof. P. P. Mone, Chavhan Priyanka Shivaji, Jagtap Komal Tanaji, Nimbalkar Aishwarya
Satish has published a paper entitled “Agriculture Drone for Spraying fertilizer and
Pesticides”. In this paper authors has given detail about implementation of
Agriculture drone for automatic spraying mechanism. In this paper, they gave problem
statement of World Health Organization where it estimates that there are 3 million cases of
pesticide poisions in each year and upto 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing
countries. In this paper they also explain what precautions the farmer should have to use to
avoid harmful effects of pesticides and fertilizing effects as well as cost effective technology
using components such as PIC microcontroller for the control of agriculture
robots. The published paper is available at IJRTI, Volume 2, Issue 6, 2017.[1]
Prof. S. Meivel M.E., Dr. R. Maguteeswaran Ph.D., N. Gandhiraj B.E., G. Srinivasan
Ph.D. has published a paper entitled
“Quadcopter UAV based Fertilizer and Pesticide Spraying System”. In this paper authors has
given detail about implementation of Agriculture wonder drone. They gave detail about
Quadcopter UAV and sprayer module and also discuss pesticide content to the
areas that can’t easily accessible for human beings. They discussed used of multispectral
cameras which is used to capture remote sensing images to identify the green field as well as
the edges of crop area. Total pay load lift of their quad copter is 8 kg. They used
QGIS software for the purposed of analyzing the remote sensing images. The published paper
is available at International Academic Research, Journal of Engineering Sciences, Volume 1,
Issue 1, February 2016.[26]
Prof. K. B. Korlahalli, Mr. Mazhar Ahmed Hangal, Mr. Nitin Jituri, Mr. Prakash Frances Rego,
Mr. sachin M. Raykar published a paper entitled “An Automatically Controlled Drone based
Aerial Pesticide Sprayer”. In this paper authors has given detail about
implementation of Agriculture Wonder Drone System. In this paper, the wireless drone
system based on flight controlled board (FCB), GPS, Brushless DC motor, electronic speed
control (ESC), wireless transceiver, frame, propellers and battery, etc. They used
flight controller board for controlling the function of drone such as movement, lifting,
positioning, etc. FCB is programmed in this project for handling different sensors such as GPS,
Barometer, Accelerometer, Gyroscope, etc. and components such as motors.
This drone was programmed for two modes that are manual mode and autonomous mode. This
paper was published by K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi, Project reference
no.:39S_BE_0564.

2
 2.1 Method of Algorithm

Agriculture Wonder Drone System using micro-controller 8051

The proposed system is an embedded system which will closely monitor and control the
microclimatic parameters of a greenhouse
on a regular basis round the clock for cultivation of crops or specific plant species which could
maximize their production over the
whole crop growth season and to eliminate the difficulties involved in the system by
reducing human intervention to the best
possible extent. The system comprises of sensors, Analog to Digital Converter,
microcontroller and actuators. When any of the
above mentioned climatic parameters cross a safety threshold which has to be maintained to
protect the crops, the sensors sense the
change and the microcontroller reads this from the data at its input ports after being converted
to a digital form by the ADC. The
microcontroller then performs the needed actions by employing relays until the strayed-out
parameter has been brought back to its
optimum level. Since a microcontroller is used as the heart of the system, it makes the set-up
low-cost and effective nevertheless. As
the system also employs an LCD display for continuously alerting the user about the condition
inside the greenhouse, the entire set-
up becomes user friendly. Thus, this system eliminates the drawbacks of the existing set-ups
mentioned in the previous section and
is designed as an easy to maintain, flexible and low cost solution [21]. But unfortunately
microcontroller has some drawbacks that
can be overcome with use of ARM processor [2][4]. Limitations of ARM7 are Cost is high,
Complex instruction set, Complicated to
designs because number of pin is more

3
CHAPTER 3

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

a. Detection technology: The system would need to include sensors that can
accurately detect alcohol levels in a person's breath, blood, or sweat.
There are various technologies available for this purpose, such as infrared
spectroscopy, fuel cell sensors, and electrochemical sensors.

b. User interface: The system would need to have a user interface that is
easy to use and provides clear feedback to the user. This could take the
form of a digital display or audio alerts.

c. Integration with other systems: The alcohol detection system could be

integrated with other systems, such as a car ignition system or workplace
access control system, to prevent individuals who are under the influence
of alcohol from operating machinery or accessing restricted areas.

Overall, the goal of an alcohol detection system would be to reduce the risk
of accidents and injuries caused by individuals who are under the influence of
alcohol. Such a system could have applications in various settings, including
workplaces, transportation, and public spaces.

4
CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

5
CHAPTER 5

DETAILS OF DESIGNS, WORKING AND PROCESSES

5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 5.1 Block Diagram

6
 5.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
Flight Controller:

It takes the signal from 6050 MPU Acc/gyro (roll pitch/yaw) then passes the signal to Atmega
644PA IC. The Atmega 644PA IC unit processes this signal according to user selected
firmware and passes control signal to ESC. This signal instructs to make fine
adjustment to rotor rotational speed which in turn stabilizes multi rotor craft. Hobby king 2.1.5
multi rotor control board which uses the signal from radio system (RX) and passes the signal to
the Atmega 644PA/IC via aileron, elevator, throttle and radar input.
Once the information has been proceed, The IC will send varying signal to ESC in which in
turns adjust the rotational speed of each rotor to induce controlled flight (up, down, forward,
reverse, left, right and yaw)

7
BLDC MOTORS:

Brushless DC electric motor (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically

commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors), or synchronous DC motors, are synchronous motors
powered by DC electricity via an inverter or switching power supply which
produces an AC electric current to drive each phase of the motor via a closed loop controller.
The controller provides pulses of current to the motor windings that control the speed and
torque of the motor. The construction of a brushless motor system is
typically similar to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), but can also be a
switched reluctance motor, or an induction
(asynchronous) motor.

8
ZD550 QUADCUTER DRONE FRAME:

ZD550 Pro quadcopter is the ugprade version of the previous ZD550.

The folding parts/pipe clamps of the ZD550 Pro are made of all-metal material, and the
thickness and holes of the upper and lower plates has been improved. Therefore, the take-off
and landing of drone is more stable, and it is more resistant to land without shaking. It increases
the safety of the aircraft and makes folding and folding more convenient. 8-hole motor mount,
compatible with most of the motors in the market.

Main Features:
- Umbrella folding structure with aluminum connector, high strength
- 1.5mm 8 holes motor mount, compatible with most motors in the market
- Dia. 20mm carbon fiber tube, more powerful
--During the test, with 4s 10000mah battery, the flight time is about 20 minutes.

Specification:
- Item Model: ZD550 Pro
- Material: Carbon fiber
- Diagonal wheelbase: 550mm
- Center board thickness: 1.5mm
- Center board size: 150*150mm
- Height between two center plate: 37mm
- Landing Gear height: 260mm
- Landing gear length: 10*330mm
- Folding Size: 208x208x305mm
- Weight: 675g
RF 2.4 GHz TRANS-RECEIVER:
9
Many embedded devices use handheld IR and RF remote controls. TVs and radios typically
have Infrared (IR) remote controls. Most cars now have a radio frequency (RF) remote key fob.
Wireless keyboards and mice use RF links at 27 MHz or 2.4 GHz.
Instead of IR one we one also use Node MCU. Less complicated Wi-Fi module is inbuilt in
node MCU [

10
16x2 LCD:

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module

and has a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module
and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means
it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each
character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric
dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters and
symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

Power Supply (From Adapter):

A Power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to

an electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric
current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the

load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power

converters. Some power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment,

while others are built into the load appliances that they power.

11
5.3 WORKING

Fig. 5.3 Circuit Diagram

An alcohol detection system can be designed using Arduino, which is an

open- source microcontroller platform that can be programmed to perform
various tasks. Here is a general overview of how an alcohol detection system
using Arduino could work:

12
 Sensor selection: The first step is to select a suitable alcohol sensor that
can accurately detect alcohol levels. Some common alcohol sensor
includes MQ-3.
Circuit design: The Arduino can be used to build a circuit that interfaces
with the alcohol sensor and provides a digital or analog output signal that
corresponds to the alcohol level detected.
Code development: The Arduino programming language can be used to
develop code that reads the analog or digital output from the alcohol
sensor and converts it into a meaningful value that can be displayed on a
screen or used to trigger an alarm. The code can also include logic to
control the behavior of the system based on the detected alcohol level,
such as disabling the ignition of a car or locking access to a restricted
area.
Testing and calibration: Once the hardware and software components
are assembled, the system can be tested and calibrated to ensure that it is
accurate and reliable. This may involve exposing the sensor to known
concentrations of alcohol and verifying that the output matches the
expected values.
Deployment and maintenance: Once the system is tested and calibrated,
it can be deployed in the intended setting and maintained over time to
ensure continued accuracy and reliability. This may involve periodic
calibration, sensor replacement, and software updates.

Overall, an alcohol detection system using Arduino can provide an affordable

and customizable solution for detecting alcohol levels and reducing the risk of
accidental hazards. However, it is important to ensure that the system is
properly calibrated and validated to ensure accurate and reliable performance.

13
5.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

5.4.1 Arduino

Fig. 5.4.1 Arduino

The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino. Here UNO means 'one' in
Italian. It was named as UNO to label the first release of Arduino Software. It
was also the first USB board released by Arduino. It is considered as the
powerful board used in various projects. Arduino.cc developed the Arduino
UNO board.

Arduino UNO is based on an ATmega328P microcontroller. It is easy to use

compared to other boards, such as the Arduino Mega board, etc. The board
consists of digital and analog Input/Output pins (I/O), shields, and other circuits.

The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB
connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header. It
is programmed based on IDE, which stands for Integrated Development
Environment. It can run on both online and offline platforms. The IDE is
common to all available boards of Arduino.

14
 ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the
ATmel family. The processor code inside it is of 8-bit. It
combines Memory (SRAM, EEPROM, and Flash), Analog to Digital
Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers, timer, external and
internal interrupts, and oscillator.
 ICSP pin - The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to
program using the firmware of the Arduino board.
 Power LED Indicator- The ON status of LED shows the power is
activated. When the power is OFF, the LED will not light up.
 Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW. The
pins numbered from D0 to D13 are digital pins.
 TX and RX LED's- The successful flow of data is represented by the
lighting of these LED's.
 AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference
voltage to the Arduino UNO board from the external power supply.
 Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.
 USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer. It is essential for
the programming of the Arduino UNO board.
 Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz,
which makes the Arduino UNO a powerful board.
 Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to
5V.
 GND- Ground pins. The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage.
 Vin- It is the input voltage.

15
MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor

The MQ3 sensor is one of the most widely used in the MQ sensor series. It is a
MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. Metal oxide sensors are also known
as Chemical resistors because sensing is based on the change in resistance of the
sensing material when exposed to alcohol. The MQ3 alcohol sensor operates on
5V DC and consumes approximately 800mW. It can detect alcohol
concentrations ranging from 25 to 500 ppm.

Internal structure of MQ3 Alcohol Sensor

Fig. 5.4.2.a MQ-3 Sensor

16
The MQ3 is a heater-driven sensor. It is therefore covered with two layers of
fine stainless steel mesh known as an “anti-explosion network”. It ensures that
the heater element inside the sensor does not cause an explosion because we are
sensing flammable gas (alcohol).

When the outer mesh is removed, the sensor looks like this. The sensing
element and six connecting legs that extend beyond the Bakelite base form the
star-shaped structure. Two (H) of the six leads are in charge of heating the
sensing element and are linked together by a Nickel-Chromium coil (a well-
known conductive alloy).

The remaining four signal-carrying leads (A and B) are connected with platinum
wires. These wires are connected to the body of the sensing element and convey
slight variations in the current flowing through the sensing element.

The tubular sensing element is made of Aluminum Oxide (AL2O3) based

ceramic with a Tin Dioxide coating (SnO2). Tin Dioxide is the most important
material because it is sensitive to alcohol. The ceramic substrate, on the other
hand, improves heating efficiency and ensures that the sensor area is
continuously heated to the working temperature.

Fig. 5.4.2.b MQ-3 Pinout

17
5.4.2 16x2 LCD

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic
display module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits
& devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These
displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting diodes and seven
segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply
programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom
characters, special and even animations, etc.

Fig. 5.4.3 16 x 2 LCD

Features of LCD16x2
The features of this LCD mainly include the following.

 The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V

 It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
 The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
 Every character can be built with a 5× 8 pixel box
 The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
 Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
 These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
 It displays a few custom generated characters

18
Registers of LCD

A 16×2 LCD has two registers like data register and command register. The RS
(register select) is mainly used to change from one register to another. When the
register set is ‘0’, then it is known as command register. Similarly, when the
register set is ‘1’, then it is known as data register.

Command Register

The main function of the command register is to store the instructions of

command which are given to the display. So that predefined tasks can be
performed such as clearing the display, initializing, set the cursor place, and
display control. Here commands processing can occur within the register.

Data Register

The main function of the data register is to store the information which is to be
exhibited on the LCD screen. Here, the ASCII value of the character is the
information which is to be exhibited on the screen of LCD. Whenever we send
the information to LCD, it transmits to the data register, and then the process
will be starting there. When register set =1, then the data register will be
selected.

19
 LCD COMMANDS

Sr
No. Instructions Decimal Hexadecimal

1 Function set (8-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7

56 38
Pixels)
2 Function set (8-bit interface, 1 line, 5*7
48 30
Pixels)
3 Function set (4-bit interface, 2 lines, 5*7
40 28
Pixels)
4 Function set (4-bit interface, 1 line, 5*7
32 20
Pixels)
5 Entry mode set See Below See Below
6 Scroll display one character right (all lines) 28 1E
7 Scroll display one character left (all lines) 24 18
8 Home (move cursor to top/left character
2 2
position)
9 Move cursor one character left 16 10
10 Move cursor one character right 20 14
11 Turn on visible underline cursor 14 0E
12 Turn on visible blinking-block cursor 15 0F
13 Make cursor invisible 12 0C
14 Blank the display (without clearing) 8 08
15 Restore the display (with cursor hidden) 12 0C
16 Clear Screen 1 01
17 Set cursor position (DDRAM address) 128 + adder 80+ adder
18 Set pointer in character-generator RAM
64 + adder 40+ adder
(CG RAM address)

20
5.4.4 RELAY MODULE

This is a LOW Level 5V 1-channel relay interface board, needs a 15-20mA

driver current. It can be used to control various appliances and equipment with
large current. It is equipped with high-current relays that work under AC250V
10A or DC30V 10A. It has a standard interface that can be controlled directly
by microcontroller. This module is optically isolated from high voltage side for
safety requirement and also prevent ground loop when interface to
microcontroller.

Fig. 5.4.4 Relay Module

21
Operating Principle:

See the picture below: A is an electromagnet, B armature, C spring, D

moving contact, and E fixed contacts. There are two fixed contacts, a
normally closed one and a normally open one. When the coil is not
energized, the normally open contact is the one that is off, while the
normally closed one is the other that is on.

Supply voltage to the coil and some currents will pass through the coil thus
generating the electromagnetic effect. So the armature overcomes the
tension of the spring and is attracted to the core, thus closing the moving
contact of the armature and the normally open (NO) contact or you may say
releasing the former and the normally closed (NC) contact. After the coil is
de- energized, the electromagnetic force disappears and the armature moves
back to the original position, releasing the moving contact and normally
closed contact. The closing and releasing of the contacts results in power on
and off of the circuit.

22
Input:

 VCC : Connected to positive supply

voltage (supply power according to relay
voltage)

 GND : Connected to supply ground.

 IN1 : Signal triggering terminal 1 of relay module

Output:

Each module of the relay has one NC (normally close), one NO (normally
open) and one COM (Common) terminal. So there are 2 NC, 2 NO and 2
COM of the channel relay in total. NC stands for the normal close port
contact and the state without power. NO stands for the normal open port
contact and the state with power. COM means the common port. You can
choose NC port or NO port according to whether power or not.

23
5.4.3 Slide Switch

It is a mechanical switch that is used to control the flow of current in a circuit by

sliding the slider from the OFF (open) position to the ON (close) position
known as a slide switch. This switch simply controls the current within a circuit
without cutting a wire manually. These switches will stay in one position until
changed into another position manually. The slide switch symbol is shown
below.

Fig. 5.4.5 Slide Switch

Terminals :

This switch includes three terminals like one common pin & remaining two pins
which compete for connection toward the common. These are best used for
choosing between two power sources & swapping inputs.

Sliding Contact

A sliding contact in a switch is an electrical contact where current flows

throughout this contact. These contacts mainly include a stationary part like a
brush & a rotating part like a commutator or slip-ring. The materials used in
these contacts mainly need constant, low contact voltage, and low wear rate.

24
 Slide Switch Specifications :

The specifications of the slide switch include the following which vary based
on manufacturers.
 The max voltage across the switch or voltage rating is up to 24 Vdc.
 The max current throughout the device or switches current rating is up to
500 mA.
 The height of the actuator is flat or raised.
 The pitch or distance between pins is 2.54 mm or 5.08 mm.
 These switches can oppose dust & moisture.
 Contact rating is 12 V DC, 200 mA.
 Contact resistance is below 50 mOhms.
 Insulation resistance is above 100 MOhms @ 500 V DC.
 The strength of the dielectric is 500 V, 50 Hz for a 1-minute duration of time.
 Operating temperature ranges from -10o C to + 60o C.
 Minimum mechanical life 5000 operations.

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5.5 SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING

5.5.1 Programming Software Description

Figure 5.5.1 Arduino IDE Software

The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public
License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using
special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library
from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output
procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the
sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program
stub main () into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU
toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs
the program argued to convert the executable code into a text file in
hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader
program in the board's firmware. By default, argued is used as the uploading
tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.

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With the rising popularity of Arduino as a software platform, other vendors
started to implement custom open source compilers & tools (cores) that can
build and upload sketches to other MCUS that are not supported by Arduino's
official line of MCUs.

5.5.2Code: -

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7); //IC-13(ARDI-
7) #define gasPin A0
const int buttonPin = 9;
const int MOTORPin = 13;
int buttonState = 0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(2,3);
pinMode(MOTORPin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
lcd.print( "Welcome");
for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){
if (i==4)
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
}
delay(500);
}
lcd.setCursor(5, 1);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("SENSOR ACTIVE");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
int gasSensor = analogRead(gasPin);
if (gasSensor < 540 && buttonState == HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(MOTORPin,HIGH);

27
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Al Value: ");
lcd.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print("\n");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Engine ON");
delay(300);
lcd.clear();
}
else if (gasSensor > 540 && buttonState == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(MOTORPin,LOW)
; lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Value : ");
//Serial.println("Value : ");
lcd.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print("\t");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
//Serial.println("Alcohol Detected");
lcd.print("Alcohol Detected");
delay(300);
}
else if (gasSensor > 540)
{
lcd.print("Alcohol Detected");
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(MOTORPin,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Value :");
//Serial.println("Value :");
lcd.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print(gasSensor);
Serial.print("\t");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0A);
//Serial.println("Alcohol Detected");
}
else
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Please Wear Seat Belt");
delay(200);
lcd.print(" ");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(MOTORPin,LOW)
; lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

28
 lcd.print(" ");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
delay(100);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
delay(1000);
}
}

5.5.3 How to Get Started with Arduino

So, you decided to go and buy yourself an Arduino, but once it arrived, you
realized you have no idea what to do with it. Do not panic, for help is at hand!
In this how-to, we will look at how to get started with Arduino microcontroller
boards. We’ll cover software installation, as well as connecting and configuring
the Arduino IDE.

You Will Need

 Arduino Uno
 USB B Cable
 Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Mac, or Linux OS
 Arduino IDE
 About 15 minutes

Step 1: Download and Install the IDE

Step 2: Get the Arduino COM Port Number
Step 3: Configure the IDE+
Step 4: Loading a Basic Example

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5.5.4 SIMULATION SOFTWARE

Fig 5.5.4 Proteus Software

The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used

primarily for electronic design automation The software is used mainly by
electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic
prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards It was developed in Yorkshire,
England by Lab enter Electronics Ltd and is available in English. French,
Spanish and Chinese languages. The first version of what is now the Proteus
Design Suite was called PC-B and was written by the company chairman, John
Jameson, for DOS in 1988 Schematic Capture support followed in 1990 with a
port to the Windows environment shortly thereafter Mixed mode SPICE
Simulation was first integrated into Proteus in 1996 and microcontroller
simulation then arrived in Proteus in 1998 Shape based auto routing was added
in 2002 and 2006 saw another major product update with 3D Board
Visualisation. More recently, a dedicated IDE for simulation was added in 2011
and MCAD import/export was included in 2015. Support for high speed design
was added later.
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5.6 FLOWCHART

Fig.5.6 Flowchart

31
5.7 COMPONENT LIST WITH COST

Sr.No Component Name Specification Cost

1 Arduino Uno R3 SMD

700/-

2 MQ-3 Sensor 0.05 mg/lit – 10 mg/lit

175/-

3 Relay Module Single Channel 5V

49/-

+5V/1A power supply

4 16x2 LCD
1/16 duty cycle 219/-

5 Motor Vibrator Motor

45/-

6 Slide Switch SPDT

05/-

7 Resistor 1KΩ
2/-

8 Connecting Wires 1 Meter

20/-

Total 1215/-

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CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND APPLICATIONS

6.1 RESULTS

If alcoholic person tries command on vehicle the alcoholic sensor determines

the existing of alcohol and shut down the vehicle engine and sound alarm by
which the nearby people will exchange the seat. Peoples are aware of situation
by the help of “LCD screen” present in the vehicles and hence take required
action. We can avoided any kind of loss of life by using this system. All
equipment’s are totally tested and connected as required thereby giving us the
much needed result as shown in the image below

6.2 APPLICATIONS

 The Alcohol detection with engine locking system can be implemented

in any 4- wheelers.
 The Alcohol detection with engine locking system can help prevent
accidents due to drunk driving.
 The Alcohol detection with engine locking system can be very helpful for
police.
 The Alcohol detection with engine locking system prove automatic
safety system for cars and other vehicles.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

7.1 CONCLUSION

Many processes and techniques are being used for overcoming the
accidents that causes due to the over drinking of alcohol by the drivers. There
are usually more than one method and technique; some adopt different
technique like locking of steering, ignition interlock, vehicle interlock system
and many more. The technique includes many considerations; some of these
considerations include cost, appearance, application of technique and many
more. In this project, we have tried our best to find out the golden mean
through which we can restrict the driver, if he/she is not in his conscious mind
due to the over concentration of alcohol. Through this way we can prevent the
road accidents on daily basis.

7.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of this project is as follows:-

a. By using such technique the rate of road accidents can be prevented whose
main cause is drink and drive.

b. It can also prevent the vehicles from theft. It can be Integrated Drunk and
Drive Detection system detects solely the driver’s state. This could even be
extended by incorporating an extra alcohol odor sensor at the traveler seats to
discover the presence of alcohol within the air within the vehicle cabin. Once
alcohol is detected, the system problems each a voice alert and a message alert
on the navigation system monitor.

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CHAPTER 8

DATASHEETS

1. ARDUINO

35
2. MQ-3 Sensor

36
3. 16x2 LCD

37
38
4. RELAY MODULE

39
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

References

Microcontroller and Embedded System by Mazidi.

Basics of developing arduino program.
Telecommunication switching systems.

Bibliography

www.google.com
www.efy.com
www.wikipeadia.com
www.worldlogic.com

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