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Equal Time Point (ETP) PDF Airport Aircraft
Equal Time Point (ETP) PDF Airport Aircraft
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Pilot's normally look at an ETP as their critical point based on an emergency situation. An
example would be engine failure, pressurization problems, or perhaps a medical emergency on
board the aircraft.
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Develop more than one ETP based on different conditions. Each emergency situation would
constitute different airspeeds, wind factors or distances, so be aware of the most critical
situation.
A wet footprint is defined as an area encompassing a distance each side of an ETP where an
airplane, if required to descend, will not have sufficient fuel to make destination or return to
departure. The size of the area is determined by the total fuel onboard, descent altitude, length of
over-water leg, wind factors and other individual factors.
Part 135 operators are restricted from operation with a wet footprint. Part 91 operators have no
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they not operate with a wet footprint.
In order to operate without a wet footprint should a pressurization problem arise, an operator
might need to fly at an altitude above 15,000 ft. Here, not only is fuel a concern, but also oxygen.
With a limited oxygen supply, there must be a trade-off between fuel required and oxygen
required to safely recover the aircraft.
ETP Computation
• Total distance which is the distance between the selected ETP diversion airfields
• Groundspeed to return (GSrtn) which is the groundspeed for the ETP back to the last
diversion airfield based on TAS and wind factors at the selected altitude and the aircraft
configuration
• Groundspeed to continue (GScont) which is the groundspeed from the ETP continuing on to a
diversion airfield based on TAS and wind factors at a selected altitude and aircraft
configuration
• True airspeed (TAS) which is determined from the aircraft flight manual
• Wind factors determined along the proposed flight route at the selected altitude. A first half
wind factor reflects turning back; a second half wind factor reflects continuing on.
The formula for computing an ETP using a CR-3 or E6-B computer is:
The ETP for an Excel flight to Bermuda from White Plains (HPN) to TXKF, assuming
an engine failure, should be computed as follows:
• Given:
- Engine failure average TAS at FL260 285 kts
- First half wind factor -45
- Second half wind factor +35
- Total Distance 680 NM
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