DIPLOMA IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

DCP10012 – BASIC LAND SURVEY

PRACTICAL WORK REPORT 3

LECTURER :1) PUAN NOORHANEZA BINTI ARIFFIN

2) PUAN AZRINA BINTI AHMAD

NAME MATRIC ID MARKS

MUHAMMAD AMIRUDDIN AKMAL BIN 03DPW23F1012
ABDUL SUKRI
MUHAMMAD AIDIL IKRAM BIN 03DPW23F1026
ZAINUDIN
MOHAMMAD NOR HAKIMI BIN MD 03DPW23F1034
YUSOFF
NUR SHAMIEYRA HUSSNA BINTI CHE 03DPW23F1049
JUHA
NOR AZNEEZA BINTI AB MANAP 03DPW23F1051
NUR ALYAA ZALIKHAH BINTI ZULKEFELI 03DPW23F1018
 CONTENT PAGE

Cover Page 1

Table of Content 2

1.0 Introduction of levelling

2.0 Objectives

3.0 Instrument Used

3.1 Automatic Level

3.2 Tripods

3.3 Staffs

3.4 Measure Tape

3.5 Arrows

3.6 Staff Bubble

4.0 Practical Work Procedure

5.0 Practical Work Result

6.0 Analysis / Data Calculation

7.0 Contour

8.0 Discussion

9.0 Conclusion

Reference
1.0 INTRODUCTION OF LEVELLING
An Imaginary line on the ground surface joining the points of equal elevation is
known as contour. In other words, Contour is a line in which the ground surface is
intersected by a level surface obtained by joining points of equal elevation. This line
on the map represents a contour and is called Contour line. A map showing Contour
Lines is known as Contour Map.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
Contour survey is carried out at the starting of any engineering project such as a
road, a railway, a canal, a dam, a building etc

 For preparing contour maps in order to select the most economical or

suitable site.
 To locate the alignment of a canal so that it should follow a ridge line.
 To mark the alignment of roads and railways so that the quantity of
earthwork both in cutting and filling should be minimum.
 For getting information about the ground whether it is flat, undulating or
mountainous.
 To locate the physical features of the ground such as a pond depression, hill,
steep or small slopes.
3.0 INTRUMENT USED

1. Automatic Level

An automatic level, self-levelling level, or builder's auto level includes an internal

compensator mechanism (a swinging prism) that, when set close to level,
automatically removes any remaining variation. This reduces the need to set the
instrument base truly level, as with a dumpy level.

2. Tripod

A surveying tripod is a three-legged stand that’s designed to provide a stable

foundation for laser levels as well as a variety of surveying instruments
 3. Staffs

A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used
with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or
heights of points above a vertical datum. When used for stadia metric range finding,
the level staff is called a stadia rod.

4. Staff Bubble

A small circular bubble on an angle plate which is held against one corner of the staff
to ensure that the staff is held in a vertical position. If the staff is not held vertical,
the reading will be too large and may be significantly in error.
 5. Measure Tape

Measurement tapes are made of glass fibers coated with PVC. These are light
in weight and flexible. They are available in lengths of 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, and
50m. Measurement tapes may stretch when subjected to tension. Hence, these
are not suitable for accurate surveying works. However, measurement tapes
are recommended in place of steel tapes where it is essential to take
measurements in the vicinity of electric fences and railway lines.

6. Arrows

Arrows in surveying are the marking pins primarily used in chain

surveying. If the line to be measured is longer than a chain length, these
are used to indicate the end of the chain. After the end of each chain
length, the arrow is inserted in the ground, but if the soil is hard, a
scratch may be made with the pointed end of the arrow.They are 4 mm
in diameter and have a minimum tensile strength of 700 N/mm².The
length of arrows varies between 250-500 mm. As per IS 1842, the overall
length arrows is 400 mm with a 50 mm diameter loop.The white or red
tape is tied to the arrows’ ring to increase the arrows’ visibility.
8.0 DISCUSSION