• Lecture- 02

• Physics

• Friction

➢ By- Alok Choubey Sir

Topics
to be
1) Force of Friction
covered
2) Types of Friction

3) Necessity of Friction

4) Fluid Friction
 CONTACT FORCE

The force which opposes the motion of an object when

there is a relative motion between two objects is called
FORCE OF FRICTION

No force appears to be acting on the ball, yet the speed

gradually decreases and it comes to rest after some time.
Friction
FORCE OF FRICTION

The force of friction always acts on all the moving objects and
its direction is always opposite to the direction of motion

Displacement
S
F
Force of Friction
 CAUSE OF FRICTION

Force of friction depends on the nature of

the two surfaces in contact.

Roughness Force of Friction Roughness Force of Friction

Decreases Decreases Increases Increases

All surfaces have some roughness on them.

 CAUSE OF FRICTION

When two surfaces are put in contact, the irregularities (ups/downs) of one
surface get somewhat interlocked with the irregularities of the other surface

Why is that so??

Still the block comes to rest

Smooth surface
 FACTORS AFFECTING FRICTION

1. Nature of the two surfaces in contact.

2. Force pressing the two surfaces together.

 Ty p e s o f F R I C T I O N
Static friction Sliding friction
Static friction is the The force required to
friction that exists Keep the object
between a stationary moving with the same
object and the surface speed is a measure of
on which it's resting. sliding.
It exists between two It exists between two
surfaces in contact, objects, when one of
between which there them is sliding over
is no relative motion. the surface of the
other.
Static friction > Sliding friction > Rolling friction
Rolling friction
The force of friction
that comes into play
when one body rolls
over the surface of
another body
It exists between two
objects, when one of
them is rolling over
the other.
 Graph for friction
Sliding Friction is always a little less than the Limiting Friction as well as Static Friction

Static friction is equal and

opposite to the applied force.
Limiting friction
Force of friction

It can increases only unto a certain

Sliding friction
upper limit (limiting friction).

The force of limiting friction

depends on the nature of the
Applied force
surfaces in contact.
Why is Sliding Friction less
than Static Friction??
Once the motion starts, the ‘contact points’ on one surface do not get
enough time to lock into the ‘contact points’ of the other surface.
Rolling friction

Why do the bag have wheels??

It makes it easy for the person to pull the

bag, thus reducing friction.

Such a friction is called as rolling friction

 FRICTION

necessity evil

Walking on the ground

For rolling

Performing small day to day activities

 FRICTION

necessity evil

Walking on the ground Loss of Energy

For rolling

Performing small day to day activities

 Only a part of energy
Major part is wasted in heating the machine, friction obtained from its fuel is used
between the ground and tyres and sound produced up in running the vehicle
 Loss of Energy

Friction consumes a substantial part of the

useful energy available to us.

As friction opposes motion between two

objects in contact, some of the energy to move
the object is wasted in overcoming friction

A significant amount of energy, supplied to

machine, gets wasted in the form of heat energy
while overcoming the force of friction
 FRICTION

necessity evil

Walking on the ground Loss of Energy

For rolling Wear and Tear of Objects

Performing small day to day activities

 WEAR and TEAR of OBJECTS
Friction is responsible for a lot of wear and
tear of moving parts.

It is friction which wears out surface rubbing

against each other.

Hence, the moving parts of any machines need

to be replaced from time to time.

OLD TYRE NEW TYRE

 METHODS OF INCREASING FRICTION

Whenever friction is required, it is increased by making the surface rough

The treads and grooves improve their This increases the friction to desired value and
grip on the road. helps us to avoid skidding or slipping.
 METHODS OF INCREASING FRICTION

Sportsmen and players use special types of This helps them to have better
sport shoes with spikes on their soles grip on the while running
 METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION

Po l i s h i n g :

When we polish a surface, its roughness(unevenness) decreases.

The surface becomes smooth and friction gets reduced .

We also sometimes rub the surface with a fine sand-paper to reduce their
unevenness.
 METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION

L u b r i c at i o n :

When a few drops of oil are poured

on the hinges of a door, the door
moves much more smoothly.
 METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION

L u b r i c at i o n :

Bicycle and motor mechanics use

grease between the moving parts of
these machines.

Oil-like substances which, when put

on a surface, help to reduce friction
, are called lubricants
Reduces Wear Increases
and Tear Efficiency by less
wastage of Energy
 METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION

L u b r i c at i o n :

Lubricants can be :
(i) Liquid like oils
(ii) Semi- liquids like grease
(iii) Solids like talcum powder.
 METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION

Ball-Bearings:
Rolling friction is smaller
than sliding friction. Sliding can be replaced by rolling, in most
machines, by use of ball-bearings.

We use ball-bearings in shafts of motors,

dynamos, axels of vehicles, etc.
 FLUID FRICTION

But what happens when an

object moves through air?
The air also exerts a force of friction
even though it is very light and thin

We call this friction as air resistance, and it

also opposes the motion of objects through it.
 FA C TO R S A F F E C T I N G F O R C E O F F LU I D F R I C T I O N

1. NATURE OF THE FLUID

2. SHAPE OF THE MOVING OBJECT

3. SPEED OF THE MOVING OBJECT

 SHIP
AEROPLANE

Where do you think the shapes of

these machines got inspired from?

BIRD

FISH
 STREAMLINE BODIES

Sports vehicles are so designed that the air

flows smoothly over their surface

STREAMLINE FLOW
Thank You
Baccho!