Content

1 Questions (Ice Breaker) 8 Friction as a Foe

2 Law of Inertia 9 Increasing Friction
3 Introduction 10 Reducing Friction
4 Mechanics 11 Fluid Friction
5 Factors affecting friction
6 Types of Friction
7 Friction as a Friend
 Questions

1 You stop paddling and your cycle slows down. Why?

2 A ball rolling on ground stops after sometime. Why?

3 We slip on a wet floor in our bathroom. Why?

4 Our shoes and slippers start slipping when they get old. Why?
 Law of Inertia

Gently push a book on a table

As per the Law of Inertia, the book should have continued to move in the
direction of the push, but the book stops. This is possible only if the table is
exerting a force on the book in the direction opposite to the motion of the
book.
 Introduction
1 The entity stopping the motion of the book is Friction and it is a
force (as explained in previous slide)
2 The force of friction always acts in the direction opposite to the
applied force
3 Friction opposes relative motion between the surface of the book
and the table
4 The force of friction acts between the surface of the book and the
surface of the table
 Mechanics
1 Friction is caused by the interlocking of
irregularities in the two surfaces

2 When we attempt to move any surface, we

have to apply a force to overcome
interlocking.

3 On rough surfaces, there are a larger

number of irregularities. So the force of
friction is greater for a rough surface.
 Factors affecting Friction
1 Nature of the 2 surfaces in contact.
Rough Greater Force of Friction
Smooth Lesser Force of Friction

2 Harder the 2 surfaces pressed against each

other, greater the force of Friction
(Give example of a thick book, holding it
against the wall)
 Types of Friction
1 Static Friction :- The force required to overcome
friction at the instant an object starts moving from rest.

2 Sliding Friction :- The force required to

keep the object moving with the same
speed.

3 Rolling Friction :- When one body rolls

over the surface of another body, the
resistance to its motion is called rolling
friction.
 Types of Friction
STATIC>SLIDING>ROLLING

1 Static : The contact points of 2 surfaces are tightly locked into

each other, this tight locking is to be broken.

2 Sliding : The contact points on the 2 surfaces do not

get enough time to tightly lock into each other, so
less tight locking is to be broken.

3 Rolling : Locking need not be broken; it

just needs to be rolled over.
 Friction as a Friend
1 Enables walking (Give example of difficulty on muddy track)

2 Enables writing with pen, pencil, chalk (explain mechanics

behind)

3 If an object started moving, it would never stop if there were no

friction. (Ask students, would the object be able to start moving
without friction?)

4 Holds nails and screws in place (give example of friction helps in

holding our pants in place)
 Friction as a Foe
1 Causes wear and tear eg soles of shoes, vehicle tyres, pencil tip.

2 Friction produces Heat. eg, rub your palm, machine operating.

3 When a machine is operated, heat generated causes much wastage

of energy. (Explain with law of conservation of energy).
 Increasing Friction
1 Grooves in the shoe sole.

2 Treaded tyres of trucks and tractors.

3 Increase friction by using brake pads in

the brake system of bicycles.

4 kabaddi players rub their hands with soil

for a better grip of their opponents.
 Reducing Friction
1 Sprinkle fine powder on the carrom
board

2 Drops of oil are poured on the hinges of

a door, the door moves smoothly

3 Use grease between the moving parts of

machines
Lubricants : When oil, grease or graphite is applied between the moving part of a
4
machine, a thin layer is formed there and interlocking of irregularities is avoided to a
great extent. Movement becomes smooth.
 Fluid Friction
1 Fluids : the common name of gases and liquids

2 Drag : The frictional force exerted by fluids on objects in motion

through them.
3 Factors determining drag : speed of the object, shape of the object,
and nature of the fluid (explain the reason for each)
4 Objects move through fluids, they have to overcome friction acting
on them. In this process they lose energy.
45 All vehicles are designed to have shapes which reduce fluid friction.
 Explanation
1 Speed of the object : Faster speeds
lead to more collisions per second
with air molecules.

2 Shape of the object : The larger the area of the

object facing the direction of motion, the more
air molecules it will collide with.

3 Nature of Fluid : In a denser liquid, there are more molecules in a

given space compared to a less dense liquid. This means there are
more molecules to collide with the moving object in the denser
liquid, increasing the drag force.