Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

ACTIVITY SHEET IN SCIENCE 8

Grade: 8 Week: 4 Quarter: 3

I. Objective: Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and
molecules.

II. Presentation of the Lesson:

Atoms are incredibly small and cannot be seen with even the most powerful light microscope.
We use multiple models of atoms to help explain chemical processes and describe their behaviour.

In gases the particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with each other and
the side of the container. With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and move
faster. The actual average speed of the particles depends on their mass as well as the temperature –
heavier particles move more slowly than lighter ones at the same temperature.

Collisions between particles are perfectly elastic with no loss of kinetic energy. This is very
different to most other collisions where some kinetic energy is transformed into other forms such as
heat and sound. It is the perfectly elastic nature of the collisions that enables the gas particles to
continue rebounding after each collision with no loss of speed.

When a gas particles loses energy they move slower and closer to one another, when this
happens the gas undergoes phase change, if a gas change its phase to liquid
this process is called condensation. At some places gas undergoes phase
change to solid without changing into liquid due to rapid loss of kinetic energy
this is called deposition.

In liquids, particles are quite close together and

move with random motion throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all
directions but collide with each other more frequently than in
gases due to shorter distances between particles. With an
increase in temperature, the particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy,
resulting in increased collision rates and an increased rate of diffusion. When this
happens most of the particles of solid bounce with each other and eventually this
particles can escape from the surface of the water. This phase change in known as
evaporation.

When this liquid particles loses kinetic energy they move slower and closer to one another the
attraction between particles becomes stronger as they move closer to one another and phase change
happens. This phase change is called Freezing.

In a solid, the particles pack together as tightly as possible in a neat and ordered
arrangement. The particles are held together too strongly to allow movement from place to place but
the particles do vibrate about their position in the structure. With an increase in temperature, the
particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster and more strongly. As the particles of Solid vibrates
faster and stronger the distances between particles increases, thus forming a new state. This process
is known as melting.

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Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

I. Practice Exercise: Study the picture below. Answer the following questions:

1. What happens to the movements of the particles as they gain kinetic energy?
2. What happens to the movement of particles as they loses kinetic energy?
3. How would you describe the change in the arrangement of particles as heat energy and
temperature increase?

II. Evaluation: Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Phase change from solid to liquid happens when_______________.

a. the particles gains kinetic energy and vibrate stronger and faster
b. the particles of solid loses kinetic energy and moves slower
c. the particles of solid gains kinetic energy and moves slower
d. the particles of solid loses kinetic energy and moves faster

2. When the surface of the lake starts forming ice, this means that the water molecules in
the lake ______________.
a. gains kinetic energy and moves faster
b. loses kinetic energy and moves slower
c. gains kinetic energy and moves slower
d. loses kinetic energy and moves faster

3. When gas particles loses kinetic energy, they move slower and closer to one another, this
phase changes from gas to liquid is known as.
a. sublimation b. melting c. condensation d. evaporation

4. When the solar energy heats up the surface of the water, the water molecules gain
thermal or kinetic energy causing the molecules of water to move faster until these
particles escapes from the surface of the water. This phase change is known
as______________.
a. condensation b. evaporation c. deposition d. freezing

5. Which of these statements is true?

a. The stronger the forces of attraction, the higher the melting point
b. The stronger the forces of attraction, the lower the boiling point

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

c. The stronger the forces of attraction, the lower the melting point

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml