Written & Composed By MATHEMATICS – Part II

Prof. FAISAL AKBAR

(Differentiation Formulae)

1. If y = f(x) , the derivative of ‘y’ with respect Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions:

to ‘x’ is defined as; u = u(x) as a function of x
dy y d du
 lim 12. (sin u )  cos u . General Rule
dx x 0 x dx dx
f ( x  x)  f ( x) d d
f / ( x)  lim (sin x )  cos x (cos x )   sin x
x  0 x dx dx
Rules of Differentiation: d
tan x   sec2 x d
(cot x )   cos ec 2 x
dx dx
d
2. (C )  0 , Where C is any constant . d
dx (sec x )  sec x . tan x
d dx
3. ( x)  1 d
dx (cosecx)   cosecx. cot x
dx
4.
d
c. f ( x )  c d  f ( x ) Constant Multiple Rule
dx dx Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric
Power Rule: Functions:
u = u(x) as a function of x
5.
d
g( x )n  ng( x )n  1 . g' ( x ) General Rule
d 1 du
dx 13. (sin 1 u )  . General Rule
d dx 1  u dx
2
6. ( x n )  nx n  1
d 1 d 1
(sin  1 x )  (cos  1 x ) 
dx
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2
The Sum & Difference Rule: d 1 d 1
(tan  1 x )  (cot  1 x ) 
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2
7.
d
 f ( x )  g( x )  d  f ( x )  d g( x ) d
(sec 1 x ) 
1
dx dx dx
dx x x2  1
The Product Rule: d 1
(cos ec  1 x ) 
dx x x2  1
8.
d
 f ( x).g( x)  f ( x). d g( x)  g( x). d  f ( x)
dx dx dx
Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions:
The Quotient Rule: u = u(x) as a function of x
g ( x ).  f ( x )  f ( x ). g ( x )
d d d du

d f ( x)  14. (sinh u )  cosh u . General Rule
 dx dx dx dx
9.  
dx  g ( x )   g ( x )2
d
(sinh x )  cosh x
d
(cosh x )  sinh x
dx dx
The Chain Rule: d
10. If y  f (t ) & x  g (t ) , then (tanh x)  sec h 2 x
dx
dy d
(coth x)   cos ech 2 x
dy dt dy dt dx
  .
dx dx dt dx d
(sechx )   sec hx . tanh x
dt dx
11. ( fog )  f / ( g ( x)).g / ( x)
/ d
(cosechx)   cosechx. coth x
dx

Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions:

d 1 d 1 19. d (sech  1 x ) 1
15. (sinh  1 x )  17. (tanh  1 x )  
dx 2
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2 x 1 x
d 1 d 1 20. d (cos ech  1 x )  1
16. (cosh  1 x )  18. (coth 1 x) 
dx x2  1 dx 1  x2 dx
x 1 x
2

By:: Prof. FAISAL AKBAR

Lecturer :: PGC Gujranwala
 Written & Composed By MATHEMATICS – Part II
Prof. FAISAL AKBAR
(Differentiation Formulae)

Derivatives of Exponential Functions:

21. 
d f ( x)
a 
 a f ( x ) .na. f ' ( x) General Exponential 22.
d f ( x)
dx
e  
 e f ( x) . f '( x) Natural Exponential
dx
d x
(a )  a x .na a 0 d x
(e )  e x n e  e x ne 1
dx dx

Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions:

23. d og 10 f ( x )  d  nf  x   1

. f ' x 
d
og a x  1
dx  
dx  n10  n10 f  x 
25.
dx x.na
d 1
26. (nx) 
24.
d
nf ( x)  1 . f ' ( x) dx x
dx f ( x)

Higher Derivatives Or Successive Differentiations:

Some notations for derivatives of higher order
For y = f(x)
dy Df ( x) '
f ( x) y1 f / ( x) 1st Derivatives
dx

d2y D 2 f ( x) ''
y2 f / / ( x) 2nd Derivatives
f ( x)
dx 2
d3y D3 f ( x)
'''
y3 f / / / ( x) 3rd Derivatives
f ( x)
dx 3
d4y D 4 f ( x)
''''
y4 f ( iv ) ( x ) 4th Derivatives
f ( x)
dx 4

dy df
Leibniz Notation or or y1
dx dx
Cauchy Notation Df ( x)
Lagrange Notation f / ( x )
'
Newton Notation f ( x)

Maclaurin Series Or Maclaurin Theorem:

f '' (0) 2 f ''' (0) 3 f (iv ) (0) 4 f ( n ) (0) n 
f  n  0  n
f ( x)  f (0)  f (0).x 
'
.x  .x  . x  ...  . x  ... or f ( x)   x
2! 3! 4! n! n 0 n!
Taylor Series:
f '' (a) f ''' (a) f (iv ) (a)
f ( x)  f (a)  f ' (a).( x  a)  .( x  a) 2  .( x  a)3  .( x  a) 4  . . .
2! 3! 4!
Taylor Theorem:
f '' ( x) 2 f ''' ( x) 3 f (iv ) ( x) 4
f ( x  h)  f ( x)  f ( x). h 
'
.h  .h  .h  . . .
2! 3! 4!

By:: Prof. FAISAL AKBAR

Lecturer :: PGC Gujranwala