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Engineering Geology Unit 4 Landslides
Engineering Geology Unit 4 Landslides
(UNIT-IV)
P Shiva Kumar
Sr. Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
ADITYA
Unit-3 Outcomes
At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:
CO 1 : Illustrate the Outcrop, Strike and Dip.
CO 2 : Illustrate the types and mechanism of folding.
CO 3 : Illustrate the types and mechanism of faulting.
CO 4 : Illustrate the joints and unconformities.
CO 5 : Understand the importance of structural
geology and stratigraphy for civil engineers.
Engineering Geology 2
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Contents
Structural Geology
• Strike, Dip and Outcrop.
• Study of common geological structures associating with the
rocks such as Folds.
• Faults.
• Joints and Unconformities- parts, types.
• Mechanism and their importance in Civil Engineering.
• Engineering properties of rocks.
Stratigraphy
• Introduction & Formations in India.
Engineering Geology 3
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 4
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Landslides
P. Shiva Kumar
Sr. Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
ADITYA
Learning Outcomes
Engineering Geology 6
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
• Landslide(s) is a self explanatory term and phenomena, which is sliding of massive portion of
soil cover on the hill and mountain slopes due to geo-tectonical (diastrophic), intrusion of
groundwater ( high fluctuation – effluence) into soil, heavy rain fall and human involuntary
disturbances.
• Landslides are classified under mass movements or mass wasting or earth movements.
• Landslides can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.
• Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other
contributing factors affecting the original slope stability.
• Causes include :
• Heavy rains, Floods and Ground water fluctuations
• Earthquakes
• Volcano eruptions
• Rapid snow melt
• Quarrying
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P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 8
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
ORIGIN OF LANDSLIDE
A) Extensive Rainfall :
• The most prominent landslide trigger is prolonged and heavy intensity rainfall.
• A universal landslide survey held in 2003 revealed that 90% of the landslides that occurred
were activated by a heavy rainfall.
• this is due to the enhancement of the pore water pressures in the soil.
B) Melting of Snow
• In several cold mountain places, snowmelt is frequent and may be a vital process for the
occurrence of landslides.
• This consequence is particularly significant when the warm weather is supplemented by
precipitation that adds to the groundwater and increases the melt rate.
Engineering Geology 9
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
C) Rivers:
• Rivers can damage the slopes, particularly during the floods that trigger a landslide.
D) Change in Water Level:
• Fast changes in the ground water level along a slope may trigger landslides.
E) Seismic Shaking:
• Earthquake waves through the rocks and earth create accelerations that alter the gravitational
forces on the slope.
• These processes are significant in the hilly areas where the seismic waves cause an increase in
the ground accelerations (topographic amplification).
Engineering Geology 10
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Landslide classification
The landslide classification based on Varnes' (1978)system has two terms:
A) The first term describes the material type - Rock, Earth, Soil, Mud and Debris
B) The second term describes the type of movement.
The five kinematically distinct types of movement are described in the sequence: -
Fall, Topple (overbalance ), Slide, Spread, Flow.
• Combining the two terms gives classifications such as:
• Rock fall,
• Rock topple,
• Debris slide,
• Debris flow,
• Earth slide,
• Earth spread, etc.
Engineering Geology 11
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Earth movements
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P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 13
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Creep
Engineering Geology 14
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 15
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 16
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 17
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 18
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Subsidence
Engineering Geology 19
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 23
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
• Effect of water
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P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 25
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Effects of landslides
From the civil engineering point of view, if landslide occur at vulnerable places, they
may cause:
Engineering Geology 26
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Preventive measure of landslides
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P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Summary
Engineering Geology 28
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE
ADITYA
Engineering Geology 29
P Shiva Kumar, Sr. Assistant Professor, CE