†dqvi LvZv †jLvi kxU

cixÿY bs 01
cixÿ‡Yi bvg: †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ‡Kvb †Mvjxq (DËj/AeZj) Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva© wbY©q|
ZË¡ : eµZvi e¨vmva©: †Mvjxq `c©b †h †Mvj‡Ki Ask we‡kl †mB †Mvj‡Ki e¨vmva©‡K eµZvi e¨vmva© e‡j|G‡K R Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
hw` †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii †h †Kvb `yB cv‡qi ga¨eZ©x Mo `~iZ¡ = d
†ù‡ivwgUv‡ii cv wZbwUi mgZj Zj †_‡K eµZ‡ji D”PZv / wb¤œZv = h nq|
Zvn‡j cª`Ë †Mvjxq Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©,
R= ... ... ... (1)
†ù‡ivwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ h wbY©‡qi m~G :
h = M×P + LC×N
GLv‡b,
M = e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji c~Y© N~Y©b msL¨v
P = wcP
LC = jwNô MYb
N = e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji AwZwi³ fvM msL¨v
wcP : †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii e„ËvKvi †¯‥jwU m¤ú~Y© GKevi Ny‡i Avm‡j GwU •iwLK †¯‥j eivei †h `yiZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K wcP
e‡j|
wcP
jwNô MYb = e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji fvM msL¨v

hš¿cvwZi e¨envi I DcvË¡ msMªn : cÖ_‡g †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii hvwš¿K ÎæwU wbY©q K‡iwQ| •iwLK †¯‥‡ji ÿz`ªZg GKN‡ii gvb
Ges e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji ‡gvU fvM/Ni msL¨v †R‡b h‡š¿i cxP I jwNô MYb wbY©q K‡iwQ|GKwU mgZj KvuP wb‡q Gi Dci
cÖ`Ë DËj ev AeZj eµc„ôwU †i‡L Gi Dci †ù‡ivwgUviwU‡K Ggbfv‡e ¯’vcb K‡iwQ hv‡Z †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii wZbwU cv I
Gi gvSLv‡bi ¯…ywU eµZj‡K Avj‡Zvfv‡e ¯úk© K‡i| GgZve¯’vq ‣iwLK †¯‥jwU e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji †h Ni/fvM msL¨vq
wgwjZ nq Zvnv wbY©q K‡iwQ hv‡K eµZ‡ji Dci e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji Avw` cvV e‡j|Gici †ù‡ivwgUviwU‡K GKwU mgZj
KvuPcv‡Zi Dci †i‡L e„ËvKvi †¯‥jwU‡K Nywi‡q ¯…zi cÖvšÍ mgZj KuvP cv‡Zi Mv‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e ¯úk© Kwi‡qwQ| e„ËvKvi
†¯‥jwU Nyiv‡bvi mgq e„ËvKvi ‡¯‥‡ji Avw` cvV •iwLK †¯‥jwU‡K KZevi AwZµg K‡i‡Q ev Av‡`․ AwZµg K‡i‡Q wKbv
Zv †`‡L e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji c~Y© N~Y©b msL¨v(M) wbY©q K‡iwQ| e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji c~Y© N~Y©‡bi ci AwZwi³ Av‡iv KZ Ni /fvM AwZµg K‡i‡Q Zvi msL¨v
(N)wbY©q K‡iwQ|GB cvV wbf©yj I mwVK Kivi Rb¨ eµZ‡ji Dci GB c×wZwU cvuP evi c~bive„wZ K‡iwQ|GKwU mv`v KvM‡Ri Dci †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii cv‡qi
Qvc wb‡q G‡`i Mo `~iZ¡ wbY©q K‡iwQ|cÖvß gvb¸‡jv mgxKiY (1) G ewm‡q cÖ`Ë eµZ‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva© wbY©q K‡iwQ|

eµZ‡ji D”PZv (h) wbY©‡qi QK:

e„ËvKvi jwNô e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji D”PZv eµZ‡ji
eµZ‡ji Dci wcP Mo D”PZv,
ch©‡eÿY

†¯‥‡ji c~Y© MYb AwZwi³ fvM h eµZvi e¨vmva©

msL¨v

e„ËvKvi †¯‥‡ji p h
N~Y©b msL¨v LC msL¨v = M×P + LC×N R
Avw` cvV mm mm
M mm N mm mm
1
2
3 1 0.01
4
5

Dcv‡Ëi wnmve I we‡kølY : QK †_‡K cÖvß

†ù‡ivwgUv‡ii †h †Kvb `yB cv‡qi ga¨eZ©x Mo `~iZ¡, d = mm
†ù‡ivwgUv‡ii cv wZbwUi mgZj Zj †_‡K eµZ‡ji D”PZv/wb¤œZv, h = mm
Zvn‡j cª`Ë †Mvjxq Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©, d1 d2
R=

= + d3
 = +
= mm = cm = m

e¨vL¨vmn djvdj Dc¯’vcb : cÖ`Ë †Mvjxq c„‡ôi eµZvi e¨vmva©, R = m

h‡š¿i wcQyU ÎæwU `~i Kivi Rb¨ ¯…zi gv_v memgq GKB w`‡K Nywi‡qwQ|mgZj KvuP cv‡Zi Dci †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii cv¸‡jv I ¯‥ªyi gv_v Avj‡Zvfv‡e ewm‡qwQ|
cÖwZevi cvV †bIqvi mgq GK UzyKiv KvMR w`‡q mgZj KvuP cv‡Zi mv‡_ †ù‡ivwgUv‡ii cv I ¯…zi g‡a¨ †Kvb dvuK Av‡Q wKbv Zv cixÿv K‡iwQ|
eµc„ôwUi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cvV wb‡qwQ| cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y d ivwkwU wØNvZ nIqvq Gi gvb wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î LyeB mZ©KZv Aej¤^b K‡iwQ| fz‡ji cwigvY Kgv‡bvi
Rb¨ cixÿYwUi hš¿cvwZi e¨envi I Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg mwVKfv‡e wbY©q K‡iwQ weavq R Gi gvb mwVKfv‡e wbY©q Kiv m¤¢eci n‡q‡Q|