Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 1 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)

Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©b xwZ

wm‡jevm : Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx, RvZxq Avq-e¨q
ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb BZ¨vw`|

KZZg wewmGm?
Uwc‡Ki bvg 35 36 37 38 40 41
Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
Dbœqb cwiKíbv †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx 1 2 - 1 1
RvZxq Avq-e¨q - - - 1 1
ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP - - - 1 1 1
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb - - - - -
‡h cÖkm
œ g~n cixÿvq G‡m‡Q †m¸‡jv meyR* Kvwj w`‡q gvK© Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jv
cixÿvq Avmvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv bxj* Kvwj Øviv gvK© Kiv n‡q‡Q| bxj* I
meyR* Kvwj w`‡q gvK© Kiv Z_¨mg~n Aek¨B gv_vq wb‡eb| ‡bvUmg~‡ni PDF
cv‡eb www.inceptionexam.com G|
A_©bxwZ I evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
 Bail out kãwU— A_©bxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ| g~jZ ‡`Dwjqvcbv I A¯^”QZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a A_©‣bwZK mnvqZvi
e¨vcviwU‡KB ejv nq— ÔBail out’|
 evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ— wgkÖ cÖK…wZi| G ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK wm‡÷‡g ivóªxq I e¨w³ gvwjKvbv cvkvcvwk weivR K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡k gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy nq— 1991 mv‡j|

Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv

 cwiKíbv Kwgkb (Planning Commission) : evsjv‡`‡k cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi ‡Pqvig¨vb—
cÖavbgš¿x| cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb‡K wb‡qvM †`b— ivóªcwZ| evsjv‡`k cwiKíbv Kwgkb
MwVZ nq— 1972 mv‡j| evsjv‡`‡k cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv I `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †K․kjcÎ (PRSP)
Dbœqb cÖYqb K‡i— evsjv‡`k cwiKíbv Kwgkb|
 RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil` (National Economic Council- NEC) : RvZxq A_©‣bwZK
cwiKíbv
cwil‡`i mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib— cÖavbgš¿x Z_v miKvi cÖavb|
 RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i wbe©vnx KwgwU (The Executive Committee of the National
Economic Council– ECNEC) : mfvcwZ— cÖavbgš¿x [43Zg wewmGm]| weKí mfvcwZ—
A_©gš¿x| eo Dbœqb cÖKí Aby‡gvw`Z nq— ECNEC mfvq|
 Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †Wëv cø¨vb-2100Õ ev¯Íevq‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi †gvKvwejvq mnvqZv Ki‡e †b`vij¨vÛm|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i— Ôevsjv‡`k cwiKíbv KwgkbÕ|
cÂevwl©K  ÔcÂevwl©K cwiKíbviÕ cÖeZ©K— ‡hv‡md ÷¨vwjb
cwiKíbv (ivwkqv)| wZwb me©c_Ö g 1921 mv‡j Dbœq‡bi ▌ cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv— 8wU
cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| ▌ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb ‡K․kjcΗ 2wU
 G hveZ Dbœqb cwiKíbv ‡bqv n‡q‡Q— ‡gvU 11wU| ▌ wØ-evwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbv— 1wU
 Aóg cÂevwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbvi mgqKvj— RyjvB 2020ÑRyb 2025 ev 2021-2025 mvj|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 2 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)
Dbœqb cwiKíbvmg~‡ni ‡gqv`
µ. bs cwiKíbv ‡gqv` µ. bs cwiKíbv ‡gqv`
01. cÖ_g cÂevwl©K RyjvB 1973-Ryb 1978 07. PRSP-1 RyjvB 2005- Ryb 2008
02. wØevwl©K 1978-1980 08. PRSP-2 RyjvB 2008- Ryb 2011
03. wØZxq cÂevwl©K 1980-1985 09. lô 2011-2015
04. Z…Zxq cÂevwl©K 1985-1990 10. mßg 2016-2020
05. PZz_© cÂevwl©K 1990-1995 11. Aóg RyjvB 2020-Ryb 2025
06. cÂg cÂevwl©K RyjvB 1997- Ryb 2002

8g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv
▌ Aóg cÂevwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨— mK‡ji mv‡_ mg„w×i c‡_|
▌ `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi n«v‡mi jÿ¨gvÎv A_v©r `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi Kwg‡q Avbv n‡e— 12.1%|
▌ Pig `vwi`ª¨ nvi n«v‡mi jÿ¨gvÎv— 5.28%| wRwWwcÕi cÖe„w× AR©‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv— 8.51%|
▌ Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó n‡e— 10.50 wgwjqb (me©vwaK AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e)|
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg (BDF) evsjv‡`k AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Znwej (BIDF)
evsjv‡`‡k 2003 mvj ‡_‡K Dbœqb ‡dviv‡gi ‣eVK AbywôZ ‡`‡ki AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Mw”QZ
n‡”Q| G Dbœqb †dviv‡gi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgš^qKvix •e‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© ev gRy‡Zi A_© w`‡q MwVZ we‡kl
ms¯’v— wek¦e¨vsK| Znwej— evsjv‡`k AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Znwej|
▌ c~Y©iƒc— Bangladesh Development Forum. ▌ c~Y©iƒc— Bangladesh Infrastructure Development Fund.
▌ evsjv‡`k‡K •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡b kxl© †`k— Rvcvb| ▌ D‡Øvab Kiv nq— 15 gvP© 2021 wLª÷v‡ã|
▌ GwU eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ÔGBW Kb‡mvwU©qvgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| ▌ BIDF cÖ_g FY †`q— cvqiv e›`i KZ©„cÿ‡K|
1974 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i cªwZwôZ nq evsjv‡`k GBW MÖæc (Bangladesh Aid Group)|Ôc¨vwim Kb‡mvwU©qvg MÖæcÕ Gi bvg
cwieZ©b K‡i Ôevsjv‡`k Dbœqb ‡dvivgÕ Kiv nq Ges 2003 mv‡j XvKvq wewWGd Gi cÖ_g ‣eVK AbywôZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ‡h․_ A_©‣bwZK Kwgkb MwVZ nq— 1982 mv‡j| evsjv‡`k‡K ‣e‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨ kxl© ‡`k— Rvcvb|
 evsjv‡`‡k ‣e‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨ (Soft Loan) kx‡l©— AvBwWG (IDA)|
 Rvcv‡bi ‣e‡`wkK evwYR¨ ms¯’vi bvg— ÔRvBKvÕ| IBRD ‡K ejv nq— ÔHard Loan WindowÕ.
GmwWwR (2016-2030)
17wU Afxó; 169wU mywbw`©ó jÿ¨gvÎv i‡q‡Q| Awdwmqvj bvg— Transforming our world : The 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development. GmwWwRÕi m~PK †gvU— 232wU|
RvZxq Avq (National Income)
‡`‡ki Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mg~n I we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ ‡`kxq bvMwiK‡`i AwR©Z Avq RvZxq Av‡qi AšÍf©y³| A_©vr, GDP IGNP
DfqB RvZxq Av‡qi AvIZvfy³| hLb Avg`vwb e¨q I ißvwb Avq ci¯úi mgvb nq ZLb GDP I GNP GKB nq|
RvZxq Avq cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ gva¨g— GDP, GDP, NNP.
welq ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) bxU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP)
c~Y©iƒc Gross National Product Net National Product Gross Domestic Product
msÁv GK eQ‡i GKwU ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z GK eQ‡i Drcvw`Z †fvM ‡`‡ki ‡fZ‡i ‡`kxq ev we‡`wk
mKj `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mev Kv‡h©i Dc‡hvMx cY¨ I †mevi Avw_©K bvMwiK KZ©…K Drcvw`Z ‡gvU
Avw_©K g~j¨‡KB RvZxq Avq g~j¨ †_‡K hš¿cvwZ e¨envi RwbZ Drcv`bB GDP e‡j cwiwPZ|
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| ÿqÿwZ ev AePq RwbZ e¨q
m~Î GNP = C + I + G + (X-M) ev` w`‡j hv Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡K GDP = C + I + G
NNP e‡j|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 3 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)
m~‡Îi  C = ‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi †gvU ‡emiKvwi †fvM e¨q (Consumption)
we‡kølY  I = ‡gvU †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e¨q (Investment)
 G = ‡gvU miKvwi e¨q (Govt. Expenditure) Ges X-M = wbU ißvwb|
 GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi cÖavb m~PK— wRwWwc|
 gv_vwcQz wRwWwc— 2097 gvwK©b Wjvi I gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 2227 gvwK©b Wjvi| [m~Î : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2021]
 23 b‡f¤^i 2021 BBS 2015-16 mvj‡K wfwËeQi a‡i 2020-21 A_©eQ‡ii GDP’I mvgwqK LvZIqvwi cÖe„w×i nvi
I Ae`vb Ges gv_vwcQz Avq cÖKvk K‡i| 2015-16 wfwËeQi a‡i gv_vwcQz wRwWwc— 2426 gvwK©b Wjvi I
gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 2554 gvwK©b Wjvi| 2015-16 wfwËeQi a‡i P~ovšÍ gv_vwcQz wRwWwc— 2462 gvwK©b
Wjvi I gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 2591 gvwK©b Wjvi|
A_©‣bwZK GDP ‡Z Ae`vb GDP ‡Z wkí Lv‡Zi Ae`vb GDP ‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb
mgxÿv K…wl 13.47 A.m. 2020 34.78 GDP ‡Z A.m. 2020 13.74 GDP ‡Z K…wli
2021 wkí 34.99 A.m. 2021 34.99 wk‡íi Ae`vb A.m. 2021 13.47 Ae`vb µgk:
†gvZv‡eK ‡mev 51.53 P~ovšÍ wnmve 35.11 evo‡Q P~ovšÍ wnmve 12.01 n«vm cv‡”Q
gv_vwcQz ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki ‡gvU RvZxq Avq‡K H ‡`‡ki ‡gvU RbmsL¨v w`‡q fvM Ki‡j ‡h djvdj cvIqv hvq, ZvB H
Avq ‡`‡ki gv_vwcQy Avq| ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebhvcb gvb I A_©‣bwZK Ae¯’v Rvbvi ‡¶‡Î gv_vwcQy
Avq _v‡g©vwgUvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 gv_vwcQz Av‡qi wfwˇZ wek^e¨vsK we‡k^i †`kmg~n‡K †gvU Pvi fv‡M wef³ K‡i| h_v— wb¤œ Av‡qi
†`k, wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k, D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`k, D”P Av‡qi †`k|
 evsjv‡`k wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ nq— 1 RyjvB, 2015 wLª÷v‡ã| gv_vwcQz Av‡qi
we‡ePbvq G †kÖwYKiY K‡i— wek^e¨vsK|
evsjv‡`‡ki  RvwZmsN Zvi m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv‡K ¯^‡ívbœZ (LDC), Dbœqbkxj Ges DbœZ- G wZb †kÖwY‡Z wef³ K‡i|
LDC †_‡K  RvwZmsN me©cÖ_g LDC (Least Developed Countries) ZvwjKv cÖKvk K‡i— 1971 wLª÷v‡ã|
D‡ËviY  evsjv‡`k LDC fz³ nq— 1975 wLª÷v‡ã| ECOSOC GjwWwmi aviYv †`b— 1971 wLª÷v‡ã|
 evsjv‡`k LDC ‡_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi cÖv_wgK †hvM¨Zv jvf K‡i— 16 gvP©, 2018 wLª÷v‡ã|
 LDC ‡_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e D‡ËvwiZ n‡e— 2026 wLª.| LDC Gi myweav cv‡e— 2027 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ|
 LDC ‡_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi †NvlYv K‡i— RvwZms‡Ni Committee for Development Policy (CDP)
 LDC gy³ nIqvi kZ©— 3wU| h_v— gv_vwcQz Avq, A_©‣bwZK f½yiZv m~PK Ges gvbem¤ú` m~PK|
 evsjv‡`k Dbœqbkxj †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e— 2026 mv‡j Ges D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e— 2041 mv‡j|
 miKvwi Av‡qi Drmmg~n— AveMvwi I ïé, g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki, evwYR¨ ïé, AvqKi, ÷¨v¤ú, f~wg ivR¯^, miKvwi e¨vsK
I exgv cÖwZôvb, †iwR‡÷ªkb, wewfbœ ai‡Yi my`, ivóªvqË wkí BZ¨vw`|
A_©bxwZi DcLvZ
Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †gvU †`kR Drcv`b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ A_©bxwZ‡K wef³ Kiv nq— 19wU Lv‡Z| (wfwË eQi (2015-16)
K…wl LvZ wkí LvZ
01. K…wl, ebR I grm¨ 02. LwbR I Lbb 04. we`y¨r I M¨vm
03. wkí (g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis) 05. cvwb m¤ú`, wb®‹vkb I eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv
06. wbg©vY
‡mev LvZ
07. cvBKvwi I LyPiv evwYR¨, hvbevnb †givgZ 12. wi‡qj G‡÷U †mev 17. Rb¯^v¯’¨ I mgvRKj¨vYg~jK
08. cwienb I msiÿY 13. †ckvMZ, •eÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ †mev †mev
09. evm¯’vb I Lv`¨ †mev Kvh©µg 14. cÖkvmwbK I mn‡hvMx †mev Kvh©µg 18. wkí, †Ljva~jv I we‡bv`b
10. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM 15. wkÿv 19. Ab¨vb¨ †mev
11. Avw_©K cÖvwZôvwbK †mev 16. ‡jvK cÖkvmb I cÖwZiÿv
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 4 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)
evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP I ivR¯^ bxwZ
 miKv‡ii e¨q— `yB cÖKvi| h_v K. Dbœqb e¨q (†hgb-ADP) Ges L. Abybœqb e¨q|
 ev‡RU— `yB cÖKvi| K. ivR¯^ ev‡RU Ges L. Dbœqbg~~jK ev‡RU| ‣e‡`wkK Aby`vb e¨q nq- evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~Px‡Z|
 ADP Gi AšÍM©Z LvZmg~n— wkí, we`y¨r, cjøx Dbœqb, †hvMv‡hvM, ¯^v¯’¨, RbmsL¨v, wkÿv, cwienb cÖf…wZ|
 evsjv‡`‡k weµq K‡ii weKí wn‡m‡e avh© Kiv nq Ôg~j¨ ms‡hvRb KiÕ (VAT)|
 VAT (Value Added Tax) 1991 mv‡ji 1jv RyjvB †_‡K Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|
 cÖZ¨¶ Ki : cÖZ¨¶ Ki n‡jv bvMwi‡Ki Avq I m¤ú‡`i Av`vqK…Z miKv‡ii ivR¯^| ‡hgb— AvqKi I f~wgKi|
 c‡iv¶ Ki : c‡iv¶ Ki n‡jv cY¨ I ‡mev Drcv`b I weµq, Avg`vwb I ißvwb Ges Af¨šÍixb e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Dci
Av‡ivc Kiv Ki| ‡hgb- g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki, AveMvwi ïé|
 Value Added Tax ev VAT 1991 mv‡ji 1jv RyjvB ‡_‡K Pvjy nq hv— 15% o AvqKi w`em— 30 b‡f¤^i
nv‡i avh© Kiv nq| o g~mK w`em— 10 wW‡m¤^i
 RvZxq ivR¯^ ‡evW© : RvZxq ivR¯^ ‡evW© ev NBR Ki Av`v‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ|
RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© MwVZ nq— 1972 mv‡j| NBR Gi cÖav‡bi c`ex— †Pqvig¨vb|

RvZxq ev‡RU
 ev‡RU wbw`©ó A_©eQ‡ii m¤¢ve¨ miKvwi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve-wbKvk‡KB— ev‡RU bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
 BwZnv‡m cÖ_g ev‡RU DÌvcb K‡ib— †Rgm DBjmb|
 1861 mv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g ev‡RU ‡NvlYv K‡ib— jW© K¨vwbs|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ev‡RU Dc¯’vcb K‡ib— ZvRDwÏb Avng` (30 Ryb, 1972 wLª÷v‡ã)|
 m‡e©v”P msL¨K ev‡RU †ck K‡ib— Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ I mvBdzi ingvb †h․_fv‡eÑ 12 evi|
 ev‡R‡Ui AvKv‡i evsjv‡`k we‡k^— 64Zg| 1 A_©eQ‡i 2 evi ev‡RU Dc¯’vcb nq— 1996-97 A_©eQ‡i|
 evsjv‡`‡k G ch©šÍ AšÍeZ©xKvjxb ev‡RU Dc¯’vwcZ nq— 1wU (1996-97 A_©eQ‡i)|
ev‡RU- 2021-22
‡¯øvMvb ÔRxeb-RxweKvq cÖvavb¨ w`‡q my`„p AvMvgxi c‡_ evsjv‡`kÕ|
KZZg ev‡RU? 50Zg (1wU AšÍe©Zx©Kvjxb ev‡RUmn 51Zg)
‡NvlYv K‡ib Av n g gy¯Ídv Kvgvj ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi 603,681 ‡KvwU UvKv (wRwWwci 17.5%)
(3q)
GwU AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii 21Zg Ges GKUvbv ‡gvU ivR¯^ Avq 3,89,000 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 11.3%)
13Zg ev‡RU| eZ©gvb A_©gš¿xi 3q ev‡ii ev‡RU|
‣e‡`wkK Aby`vb 3,490 †KvwU UvKv
ev‡RU DÌvcb 3 Ryb 2021 wLª÷vã mvgwMÖK Avq (ivR¯^ I 3,92,490 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 11.4%
ev‡RU cvm nq 30 Ryb 2021 wLª÷v‡ã Aby`vb) Ges ev‡R‡Ui 65.01%)
Kvh©Ki nq 1 RyjvB 2021 wLª÷vã NvUwZ (Aby`vb mn) 2,11,191 †KvwU UvKv
AbywgZ cÖe„w× 7.2% mvgwMÖK NvUwZ (Aby`vb Qvov) 2,14,681 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 6.2%)
g~j¨ùxwZi jÿ¨gvÎv 5.3% GwWwc (ADP) 2,25,324 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 6.6%)
ms‡kvwaZ g~j¨ùxwZ 5.56% wRwWwcÕi AvKvi 34 jvL 56 nvRvi 40 †KvwU UvKv|
Av_©-mvgvwRK Lv‡Zi AMÖMwZ evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q— 10wU kxl© †gMv cÖKí|
gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 2,426 USD (cÖ‡ÿcY) cÖ_g ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi wQj— 786 †KvwU UvKv|
cÖZ¨vwkZ Mo 72.6 eQi ‡`‡ki cÖ_g †Rjv ev‡RU nq— Uv½vB‡j|
Avqy®‥vj
¯^vÿiZvi nvi 74.7% Kigy³ mvaviY e¨w³ : 300,000 UvKv
`wi`ª RbmsL¨v 20.5% Avqmxgv gwnjv I 65+ I 3q wj‡½i e¨w³ : 350,000 UvKv
AwZ `wi`ª RbmsL¨v 10.5% cÖwZeÜx : 450,000 UvKv
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.37% hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v : 475,000 UvKv
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 5 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2021 Abymv‡i  evsjv‡`k mvivwe‡k^ eZ©gv‡b— 41Zg e„nr A_©bxwZi
▌ `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi— 20.5% †`k|
▌ Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi— 10.5%  ADB Gi g‡Z, evsjv‡`k Asian Tiger| ev‡R‡Ui
▌ m‡ev©”P `vwi`ª¨— XvKv wefvM (D”P `vwi`ª¨ : 16.0%) AvKv‡i evsjv‡`k we‡k^— 64Zg|
▌ me©wb¤œ `vwi`ª¨— iscyi wefvM (D”P `vwi`ª¨ : 47.2%)
`vwi`ª¨  evsjv‡`k miKvi I wewfbœ GbwRI¸‡jv bvbv Kj¨vYg~Lx c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi
we‡gvPb AvcÖvY ‡Póv K‡i hv‡”Q| GB avivevwnKZvq miKvi `yÕevi PRSP ev Poverty Reduction Strategy
‡K․kjcÎ Papers MÖnY K‡iwQj|
(PRSP)  PRSP Mªn‡Yi c~‡e© miKvi we‡klÁ‡`i civg‡k© cix¶vg~jKfv‡e 2003 mv‡j GKevi IPRSP-
Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers MÖnY K‡iwQj hv PRSP Gi wfwË ¯^iƒc KvR
K‡i‡Q|
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †K․kjcÎ (PRSP)-1 2005-2008 wk‡ivbvg— ÔUnlocking the Potential’
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †K․kjcÎ (PRSP)-2 2009-2011 wk‡ivbvg— ÔcwieZ©‡bi c‡_ hvÎv : `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b RvZxq †K․kjcÎÕ
 ‣`wbK Avq 1.25 Wjv‡ii Kg n‡j Ges 2,122 wK‡jvK¨vjwii Kg Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡j Zv `vwi`ª¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
 eq¯‥ fvZv Pvjy nq— 1998 mv‡j (1997-98 A_©eQi)| eZ©gv‡b gvwmK fvZv— 500 UvKv|
 weaev fvZv Pvjy nq— 1999 mv‡j| cÖwZeÜx fvZv Pvjy nq— 2006 mv‡j|
 exi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i gvwmK m¤§vbx 20,000 UvKv Kiv nq— 1 RyjvB 2021 mvj †_‡K|

A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2021
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZi mvwe©K wPÎ mw¤§wjZ GKwU wbqwgZ evwl©K cÖKvkbv|
cÖwZeQi evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv cÖKvk K‡i- A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi ÔA_© wefvMÕ|
evsjv‡`‡ki AvqZb 1,47,570 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.37%
‡gvU RbmsL¨v (2020 168.2 wgwjqb cyiæl-gwnjv AbycvZ 100.2 t 100
mvgwqK cÖv°jb) RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ (cÖwZ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i) 1,140 Rb
¯’~j Rb¥nvi (cÖwZ 1000 R‡b) 18.1 Rb wkï g„Zz¨nvi (cÖwZ 1000 R‡b) 21 Rb [GK eQ‡ii Kgeqwm]
¯’~j g„Zz¨nvi (cÖwZ 1000 5.1 Rb bvixi De©iZv (15-49 eQi) nvi 2.04 Rb
R‡b)
cÖZ¨vwkZ Mo Avqy®‥vj 72.8 eQi (cyiæl : 71.1 eQi, gwnjv : 74.5 eQi)
Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨env‡ii nvi 63.9% cÖ_g weev‡ni Mo eqm (eQi) cyiæl : 25.2, gwnjv: 19.1
Wv³vi I RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 1 : 1724 my‡cq cvwb MÖnYKvix 98.3%
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨enviKvix 81.5%
¯^vÿiZvi nvi 75.2% (cyiæl- 77.4%; gwnjv- 72.9%)
‡gvU Zdwmwj e¨vsK 61wU †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 43wU
ivóªvqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 6wU •e‡`wkK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 9wU
we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK 3wU e¨vsK ewnf~©Z Avw_©K cÖwZôvb 34wU
‡iwgU¨vÝ 24.77 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ‣e‡`wkK gy`ªv gRy` (RbyÕ21) 46.39 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq (PjwZ g~‡j¨) 2227 gv. W. (1,18,873 UvKv) gv_vwcQy wRwWwc (PjwZ g~‡j¨) 2,097 gvwK©b Wjvi
wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi (w¯’i g~‡j¨) 5.47% g~j¨ùxwZ [2020-21 A_©eQ‡i] 5.56%
`vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 20.5% Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 10.5%
me‡P‡q †ewk †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡m ‡m․w` Avie †_‡K (evsjv‡`‡k)
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 6 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)
LvZIqvwi kÖgkw³i nvi
K…wl Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 40.6% wkí Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 20.4%
‡mev Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 39% kÖÖgkw³i me‡P‡q †ewk wb‡qvwRZ- K…wl Lv‡Z|
GDP’‡Z LvZmg~‡ni Ae`vb I cÖe„w× nvi
wfwË eQi (2005-06) [A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv : 2021] wfwË eQi (2015-16) [BBS] [23 b‡f¤^i 2021]
Ae`v‡bi nvi (%) Ae`v‡bi nvi (%)
LvZmg~n LvZmg~n
2019-20 2020-21 (mvgwqK) 2019-20 2020-21 (mvgwqK)
K…wl 13.74 13.47 K…wl 12.52 12.15
wkí 34.78 34.99 wkí 34.94 35.11
‡mev 51.48 51.53 ‡mev 52.54 52.74
LvZmg~n cÖe„w×i nvi (%) LvZmg~n cÖe„w×i nvi (%)
K…wl 4.59 3.45 K…wl 3.42 2.37
wkí 3.25 6.12 wkí 3.61 5.99
‡mev 4.16 5.61 ‡mev 3.93 5.86
mvwe©K GDP (Drcv`b g~‡j¨) cÖe„w×i nvi : 5.47% mvwe©K GDP (Drcv`b g~‡j¨) cÖe„w×i nvi : 5.43%
wfwË eQi (2015-16) GDP’i LvZIqvwi Ae`vb I
GLv‡b wZbwU GDP’i cwimsL¨v‡bi Zzjbv cÖe„w×i nvi (%) [P~ovšÍ wnmve] [8 †deªæqvwi 2022]
Kiv n‡q‡Q— [P~ovšÍ wnmve †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©] LvZmg~n Ae`v‡bi nvi
▌ wfwË eQi (2005-06) [A_©‰bwZK 2019-20 2020-21 (P~ovšÍ wnmve)
mgxÿv : 2021] K…wl 12.52 12.07
wkí 34.94 36.01
▌ wfwË eQi (2015-16) [BBS] [23
‡mev 52.54 51.92
b‡f¤^i 2021]
▌ wfwË eQi (2015-16) GDP’i LvZmg~n cÖe„w×i nvi (%)
LvZIqvwi Ae`vb I cÖe„w×i nvi (%) K…wl 3.42 3.17
wkí 3.61 10.29
[P~ovšÍ wnmve] [8 †deªæqvwi 2022] ‡mev 3.93 5.73
mvwe©K GDP (Drcv`b g~‡j¨) cÖe„w×i nvi : 6.94%
ißvwb Avq 37.88 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ A_© 24.777 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb K‡i- hy³iv‡óª| evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk Avg`vwb K‡i- Pxb †_‡K|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. Ô‡m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©UÕ wK‡mi mv‡_ mswkøó? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) kÖg evRvi (L) PvKzwi evRvi (M) ÷K gv‡K©U (M) K…wl evRvi D:M
e¨vL¨v : Ô‡m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©UÕ kãwU cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e ÷K gv‡K©‡Ui mv‡_ mswkøó| †m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©‡U wewb‡qvMKvixiv Ab¨vb¨
wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K wmwKDwiwUR¸‡jv wK‡b ÷K G·‡P‡Äi gva¨‡g| we‡k^ RbwcÖq †m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©‡Ui D`vniY
n‡jv b¨vkbvj ÷K G·‡PÄ (GbGmB); wbDBqK© ÷K G·‡PÄ (GbIqvBGmB) cÖf…wZ| evsjvv‡`‡ki ÷K G·‡PÄ n‡jv
XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ (DSE), PUªMÖvg ÷K G·‡PÄ (CSE)| Aciw`‡K, cÖvBgvwi gv‡K©‡U wmwKDwiwU •Zwi Kiv nq|
cÖvBgvwi gv‡K©‡U †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i Kv‡Q bZzb ÷K Ges eÛ •Zwi K‡i|
02. evsjv‡`k miKvi †Kvb LvZ †_‡K m‡e©v”P ivR¯^ Avq K‡i? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) AvqKi (L) f~wgKi (M) Avg`vwb-ißvwb ïé (N) g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki D : N
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ cvVK A_ev Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 7 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # 3q ce©)
03. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mv‡j eq¯‹ fvZv Pvjy nq? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1995 (L) 1996 (M) 1997 (N) 1998 D:N
04. ECNEC-Gi ‡Pqvig¨vb ev mfvcwZ ‡K? (36Zg I 43Zg wewmGm)
K. cÖavbgš¿x L. A_©gš¿x M. cwiKíbv gš¿x N. Z_¨ gš¿x DË&i: K
05. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb ‡dviv‡gi mgš^qKvix ‡Kvb ms¯’v? (25 I 34Zg wewmGm)
K. RvBKv L. ‡fvU‡iv M. wek¦e¨vsK N. GwWwe DËi: M
06. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki e„nr mvnvh¨Kvix ‡`k ‡KvbwU? (21 I 31Zg wewmGm)
K. Rvcvb L. Rvg©vwb M. fviZ N. hy³ivó« DËi: K
07. g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki evsjv‡`‡k KLb ‡_‡K Pvjy Kiv nq? (25Zg wewmGm)
K. 1 RyjvB, 1991 L. 1 RyjvB, 1993 M. 1 RyjvB, 1995 N. 1 Rvbyqvwi, 1996 DËi: K
08. ‡Kvb Drm ‡_‡K evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii m‡e©v”P ivR¯^ Avq nq? (24Zg wewmGm)
K. AvqKi L. Avg`vwb I ißvwb ïé M. f~wg ivR¯^ N. g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki DËi: N
09. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq MYbvq ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq? (38Zg wewmGm)
K. 14 L. 15 M. 12 N. 10 DËi : L
‡bvU : Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †gvU †`kR Drcv`b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ A_©bxwZ‡K wef³ Kiv nq— 19wU Lv‡Z| (wfwË eQi
(2015-16)|
10. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g f¨vU Pvjy nqÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 1991 mv‡j L. 1973 mv‡j M. 1986 mv‡j N. 1996 mv‡j DËi : K