Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

Science and Technology Part – 1

Q.1 i. (C)
(A) ii. (D)
iii. (A)
iv. (B)
v. (C)

Q.1 i. Mass.
(B)
ii.

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Column I Column II

a.  1. Alternating current

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b. 3. battery

(Note: In ’Make pairs’, students are expected to write the answer in tabular format.)

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iii. True
iv. 0 C : Melting point of ice :: 100 C : Boiling point of water
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v. NH4Cl

(Note: In ’Give molecular formula’ students are expected to write only the molecular
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formula.)

Q.2 i. Space debris:

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(A) In space non-essential objects revolving around the earth are termed as the debris in
space. Reasons behind space-debris management:
a. Space debris can be harmful to the artificial satellites.
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b. It can collide with these satellites or spacecrafts and damage them.

c. As a result, the future of artificial satellites or spacecrafts are in danger.
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d. It also makes difficult to launch new spacecrafts or artificial satellite.

ii. a. Copper and aluminium contain large number of free electrons.

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b. These free electrons can move throughout conductor easily.

c. This results into copper and aluminium having low values of resistivity.
d. Thus, copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity and offer low
resistance to the flow of current.
Hence, aluminium and copper are used for electric power transmission.

iii. a. The rate of a chemical reaction depends upon the size of the reactant particles
taking part in the reaction.
b. Smaller the size of the reactant particles, higher is the rate of reaction.
c. The size of reactant particles is more in pieces of Shahabad tile as compared to
powder of Shahabad tile.
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SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
d. When HCl is added to pieces of Shahabad tile, the CO2 effervescence is formed
slowly. However, when HCl is added to Shahabad powder, the CO2 effervescence is
formed at a faster rate.
Hence, it takes time for pieces of Shahabad tile to disappear in HCl, but its powder
disappears rapidly.

SMART TIP
Particles having smaller size have greater surface area overall. Hence, more particles are avaialabe
for reaction.

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2 2 2 2
Area = 6  1m = 6 m Area = 6  (1/2m)  8 = 12 m

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Area = 6  (1/3m)  27 = 18 m
2
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Q.2
i.
(B) Ethene
SMART TIP
Propene The first member of alkene (and
P

alkyne) homologous series has 2

Homologous
carbon atoms while the first
series of alkenes 1-Butene member of alkane homologous
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series has 1 carbon atom.

1-Pentene
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ii. a. In summer, the air near the hot road or desert surface has very high
temperature and hence it becomes lighter than the cool air above it.
b. As, the density of air goes on decreasing with increase in height above the
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surface, the refractive index of air increases.

c. Hence, the direction of light rays coming from a distant object keeps changing
according to laws of refraction.
d. This makes the light rays coming from distant object appear to come from an
image of the object inside the ground as shown in the figure. This is called mirage.
e. Thus, formation of mirage is the effect of changing refractive index in the
atmosphere.
f. An illusion of the appearance of water on a hot road or in a desert is an example
of mirage.

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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

iii. Demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table:
a. The whole number atomic mass of the elements cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) is the
same, that is, 59. Therefore, there was an ambiguity regarding the sequence of
these elements in the Mendeleev’s periodic table.
b. Isotopes were discovered long time after Mendeleev developed the periodic
table. Isotopes have same chemical properties but different atomic masses.
Therefore, isotopes could not be given a proper place in Mendeleev’s periodic
table.
c. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements are arranged in an increasing order of
atomic masses. However, the rise in atomic mass is not uniform. Hence, it was not

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possible to predict the number of elements that could be discovered between two
heavy elements.
d. No fixed position was given to hydrogen in Mendeleev’s periodic table because it

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resembled alkali metals (group I) as well as halogens (group VII).

iv.

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High earth orbits Low earth orbits
a. Height from the earth’s surface for Height from the earth’s surface for
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these orbits is greater than or equal these orbits is between 180 km and
to 35780 km. 2000 km.
b. Satellites revolving in these orbits Satellites revolving in these orbits
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take around 24 hours to complete take around 90 minutes to complete
one revolution around the earth. one revolution around the earth.
c. The satellites revolving in these The satellites revolving in these
orbits appear stationary with orbits do not appear stationary with
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respect to earth. respect to earth.

d. Satellites revolving in these orbits Satellites revolving in these orbits
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can be used for carrying signals for can be used for scientific
telephone, television etc. and also in experiments and atmospheric
the applications like meteorology. studies.
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Examples: Geostationary satellites Examples: International space

revolving parallel to equator of the station and Hubble telescope
earth revolve in these orbits. revolve in these orbits.
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v. Solution:
SMART TIP
Given: f1 = f2 = 60 cm = 0.6 m To calculate power in dioptre,
note that focal length must be
To find: Power of combination (P)
converted from ‘cm’ to ‘m’.
1 1 1
Formula: P= = +
f f1 f2

Calculation: From formula,

1 1 10
P=  = = 3.3 D
0.6 0.6 3
Ans: Power of combination is 3.3 D.
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SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Q.3 i. Solution:
Given: Height (s) = 320 m,
acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
To find: a. Initial velocity (u),
b. Total time taken
Formulae: a. v2 = u2 + 2 as
1
b. s = ut + at2
2
Calculation: For upward motion of the ball, v = 0.
a = –g = –10 m/s2
From formula (a),

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0 = u2 + 2 (–10)  320
 u2 = 6400
 u = 80 m/s

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For downward motion of the ball, u = 0.
a = g = 10 m/s2
From formula (b),

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1
320 = 0 +  10 t2
2
320
 t2 = = 64
5
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 t=8s
Time for upward journey of the ball will be the same as time for
downward journey i.e., 8 s.
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 Total time taken = 2  t = 2  8 = 16 s
Ans: a. The initial velocity of the object is 80 m/s.
b. The total time taken by the object to reach the height and come down is
P

16 s.
ii.
Retina
Ciliary muscles
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Iris
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Functions:
a. Iris: Iris controls the amount of light entering the eye by contracting and
widening the pupil.
b. Ciliary muscles: They help the eye lens to adjust the focal length depending on
the distance of the object by contracting or relaxing.
c. Retina: It is the screen inside the human eye which contains light sensitive cells.
Image of an object is formed on this screen.

(Note: In ‘Label the diagram and explain’, students are expected to redraw the labelled
diagram and write the explanation.)

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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

iii. a. Electroplating is the process in which a less reactive metal is coated on a more
reactive metal by electrolysis.
b. Corrosion of metallic articles can be prevented by isolating them from direct
contact with air and moisture.
This can be done by:
1. Applying layer of paint, oil, grease or varnish on metal surface
2. Galvanising, tinning, anodising
3. Alloying, etc.

iv. Solution:

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Given: Power (P) = 1100 W = 1.1 kW,
Time (t) = 2 hour
To find: Expense of using electric iron in April month

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Formulae: a. Energy = Power  time
b. Electrical consumption expenses = Energy consumed
 charges per unit

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Calculation: From formula (a),
Energy consumed in one day = 1.1  2 = 2.2 kWh

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Energy consumed in the month of April (i.e. 30 days) will be,
Energy = 2.2  30 = 66 kWh = 66 unit ....( 1 kWh = 1 unit)
From formula (b),
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Electrical consumption expenses SMART TIP
Note the conversion of ‘kWh’ to ‘units’.
= 66  5 = Rs 330
Ans: The expense of using iron for 2 hr daily in the month of April is Rs 330.
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v. a. The substances taking part in chemical reaction are called reactants.

b. The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction by formation of new
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bonds are called products.

c. Examples:
1. Formation of carbon dioxide gas by combustion of coal in air is a chemical reaction.
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In this reaction, coal (carbon) and oxygen (from air) are the reactants while carbon
dioxide is the product.
2. Decomposition of calcium carbonate by heating to form calcium oxide and carbon
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dioxide is a chemical reaction. In this reaction, calcium carbonate is the reactant

while calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are the products.
vi. a. Specific heat of a substance can be studied using this procedure.
b. The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an
object by 1 C is called its specific heat.
c. According to the principle of heat exchange:
Heat energy lost by the hot object = Heat energy gained by the cold object
In this activity heat absorbed by iron sphere is transmitted more in the wax,
hence sphere goes deepest in to wax. While lead sphere absorbs less heat,
resulting in less transmission of heat in the wax hence sphere goes the least
depth in the wax.
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SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
vii. a. Roasting
b. Froth floatation method
c. Leaching
d. Electrolytic reduction
e. Calcination
f. Magnetic separation method
viii.
Element Atomic No. Electronic configuration Type of element

Aluminium 13 2,8,3 Metal

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Silicon 14 2,8,4 Metalloid

Phosphorus 15 2,8,5 Nonmetal

Sulphur 16 2,8,6 Nonmetal

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Chlorine 17 2,8,7 Nonmetal

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Q.4
i. a. When a ray of light enters a rarer medium from a denser medium, it gets
partially reflected i.e., part of the light gets reflected and comes back into
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the denser medium obeying the laws of reflection. This is called partial
reflection.
b. The rest of the light gets refracted and goes into the rarer medium. As light is
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going from denser to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal i.e., the angle
of incidence (i) is smaller than the angle of refraction (r).
c. According to Snell’s law, the refractive index of the material is constant. Hence,
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on increasing the angle of incidence the angle of refraction (r) increases.

d. For a particular value of i for which, the value of r becomes equal to 90, is called the
critical angle.
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For i = critical angle = ic, r = 90

2 sin ic
n1 = = sin ic ....( sin 90 = 1)
sin 90°
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e. For angles of incidence larger than the critical angle, the angle of refraction is
larger than 90. Such rays return to the denser medium as shown in the figure.
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Thus, all the incident light gets reflected back into the denser medium. This is
called total internal reflection.
Refracted Rays

Air
r r r = 90 Medium 2

Water i ic
i i > ic Total internal
reflection
Partial reflection Medium 1
O
Light source
Partial reflection, Critical angle and total internal
reflection
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

ii. Classification of hydrocarbons based on carbon-carbon bonds:

Hydrocarbons

Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes
Alkene Alkynes
Explanation:
a. Hydrocarbons: They contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
b. Saturated hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons which contain only single bonds between

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carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with general formula: CnH2n+2.
For example, methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), etc.
c. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons which contain at least one double or
triple bond between carbon atoms. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated

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hydrocarbons.
d. Alkenes: Alkenes contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The general

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formula: CnH2n. For example, ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), etc.
e. Alkynes: Alkynes contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. The general
formula: CnH2n-2. For example, ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), etc.
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P ub
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 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (D)
(A)
ii. (B)

iii. (D)

iv. (C)

v. (B)

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Q.1
i. White colour
(B)
ii. Column I Column II
SMART TIP

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Note that, specific latent heat
a. Specific latent heat 2. cal/g corresponds to change of state
b. Heat 3. J which occurs at constant

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temperature.
iii. False.
The gravitational force acting on two bodies will not be affected when they are
dipped in water.
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iv. The first artificial satellite : Sputnik :: The first Indian satellite : Aryabhatta.
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v. Halogens

Q.2
(A) i. a. Fuel in the launch vehicle forms the major part of the total weight of the launch
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vehicle.
b. Thus, the vehicle has to carry large amount of weight in the form of fuel with
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it.
c. For the launch vehicles with more than one stage, the fuel in the first stage is
used to give the initial thrust to the vehicle. After this fuel is exhausted, the
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empty fuel tank along with the engine is detached from the main body of the
vehicle. This reduces weight of the vehicle step by step.
Hence, it is beneficial to use satellite launch vehicles made of more than one stage.
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ii. a. Carbon is a tetravalent atom with the property of catenation. Thus, it forms
compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in the form of straight chains,
branched chains or rings.
b. It can form single and multiple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
c. Carbon is tetravalent. Thus, it can form four covalent bonds with carbon or other
elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and phosphorus.
d. One more characteristics of carbon, which is responsible for large number of
carbon compounds is isomerism.
Hence, carbon forms a large number of compounds.
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3

iii. a. The retina in our eyes is made of different cells viz., rod-shaped and
cone-shaped.
b. The rod shaped cells respond to intensity of light and send the information to brain.
While cone shaped cells send information of different colours of light to the brain.
c. Rod like cells are sensitive to faint light, whereas, the conical cells do not respond
to faint light.
Hence, one can sense colours only in bright light.

Q.2
i. a. Study missions planned for establishing artificial satellites in the earth’s orbit,
(B)
using it for research or for the benefit of life, or sending spacecraft to the

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various components of the solar system or outside are called as space expeditions.
b. Need and importance of these space expeditions is as follows:
1. Due to space expeditions accessing internet is very easy. As a result, world has

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come closer. It has become possible to contact a person in any part of the world
or collect any information within seconds.

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2. Use of satellites can give us advance alerts about various natural calamities, so
that, we can take proper precautions and reduce the damage.
3. During war, the aerial surveillance can be used to get information about the
actions of enemies.
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4. Due to space expeditions, it is also possible to explore the fossil reserves and
minerals in the earth.
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ii. Solution:
Given: Velocity of light in first medium (v1) = 2.8  108 m/s,
Velocity of light in second medium (v2) = 1.4  108 m/s
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To find: Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium (1n2)
1 v1
Formula: n2 =
v2
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Calculation: From formula,

1 2.8  108
n2 =
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1.4  108
1
 n2 = 2
Ans: Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium is 2.
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iii. Sr.
Metals Nonmetals
No.
a. Generally, metals form basic or Generally, nonmetals form acidic or
amphoteric oxides. neutral oxides.
b. Metals such as Na, K, Ca, Al, Fe, etc. Nonmetals generally do not react
displace hydrogen from water or steam. with water.
c. Metals which are highly reactive and Nonmetals generally do not displace
displace hydrogen from dilute acids. hydrogen from dilute acids.
d. Metals have strong tendency to lose Nonmetals have strong tendency to
electrons and hence, they behave as accept electrons and hence, they
reductants. behave as oxidants.
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SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
iv. Characteristics of homologous series:
a. The general molecular formula of all the compounds in the series is the same.
b. All the members have the same functional group.
c. Consecutive members of the series differ from one another by CH2 unit
(methylene group), and their molecular mass differs by 14 u.
d. Physical properties like melting point, boiling point, density, etc., generally show a
gradual change with increase in molecular mass in the series.
e. Chemical properties of the members of the series show similarity because of the
presence of the same functional group in them.
[Any four points]

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v. Solution:
Given: Potential difference (V) = 220 V, Power of bulb 1 (P1) = 50 W,
Power of bulb 2 (P2) = 60 W,

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To find: Total current (I)
Formulae: a. P = VI b. I = I1 + I2
Calculation: Since both the bulbs are connected in parallel, the potential difference

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will be same.
From formula (a),
P1 50 P 60
I1 =
V
=
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220
A, I2 = 2 =
V 220
A

From formula (b),

Total current is given by,
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50 60 50 + 60
I= + =
220 220 220
110 1
 I= =
220 2
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 I = 0.5 A
Ans: The total current flowing in the main conductor is 0.5 A.
et

Q.3
i. Solution:
Given: Mass of steam (ms) = 80 g, Change in temperature (T) = 97  0 = 97 C
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We know that: Latent heat of melting of ice = Lmelt = 80 cal/g

Latent heat of vaporisation of water = Lvap = 540 cal/g
Specific heat of water cw = 1 cal /g C
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To find: a. Energy transferred (Q)

b. Mass of ice that melts (mi)
Formulae: a. Heat released during conversion of steam into water at 97 C
(Q1) = ms  Lvap
b. Heat released during decrease of temperature of water from
97 C to 0 C (Q2) = ms  cw  T
c. Heat gained by ice (Q) = mi  Lmelt
Calculation: From formula (a),
Q1 = 80  540 cal
From formula (b),
Q2 = 80  1  (97 – 0) = 80  97 cal
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3

According to principle of heat exchange,
Total heat gained by ice
Q = Q1 + Q2
= 80  540 + 80  97
= 80  (540 + 97)
= 80  637
= 50960 cal
This energy would cause mi mass of ice to melt,
From formula (c),
 mi  Lmelt = 50960
50960 80 × 637

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 mi = = = 637 g
80 80
Ans: Energy transferred to ice is 50960 cal and it will melt 637 g of ice.

ii. a. A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of the elements in the

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reactants is same as the number of atoms of those elements in the products is
called a balanced chemical equation.

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b. It is written by using the symbols and the formulae of the reactants and products.
The reactants are written on the left hand side of the arrow and products are
written on the right hand side of arrow.
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c. A balanced chemical equation is in accordance the law of conservation of mass.
d. Unbalanced equation is balanced by applying proper factors to appropriate
reactants or products.
E.g. NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
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The above reaction is an unbalanced equation.
The above equation can be balanced by applying a factor of ‘2’ to NaOH and H2O.
Thus, the equation is
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2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O

iii. Diagram:
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N1 N2 e Emergent ray
Incident ray i
from a bulb X Air Z
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r1 Normal r
r1 r
2
Water
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Y
Plane mirror
Explanation:
a. Light ray is incident from air at point X and enters water.
b. Water being optically denser than air, light ray bends towards normal (N1) such
that i  r1.
c. Refracted ray travels along straight line path in water and reaches point Y on the
plane mirror at the bottom.
d. Mirror reflects the light according to laws of reflection. Hence, r1 = r2.
e. Reflected ray travels along straight line path in water and reaches point Z at
surface of water.
f. As it enters air, it bends away from normal (N2) such thatr2  e.
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SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
iv. Labelled diagram:

Air Froth
supply Concentrated
sulphide ore

Bubbles

Water and
pine oil

Gangue
Agitator

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Froth floatation method
Explanation:
a. The froth floatation process is based on two opposite properties of the particles,
hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

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b. The metal sulphide particles are hydrophobic. Due to this property, they get
wetted mainly with oil. On the other hand, gangue particles are hydrophilic and
get wetted by water.

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c. In this method, the finely divided metal ore is added in a big tank containing large
amount of water. To this, certain vegetable oil (pine oil, eucalyptus oil, etc.) is added for
the formation of froth.
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d. In the tank, compressed air is circulated through the water. Bubbles are formed due to
this blown air. A rotating agitator at the centre of the floatation tank agitates the
mixture and draws air into it to form bubbles. As a result, foam is formed which carries
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metal sulphide particles. The foam rises to the surface of water and floats. Therefore,
this method is called froth floatation process.
e. This method is used to separate metal sulphide ores such as zinc blende (ZnS) and
copper pyrite (CuFeS2).
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v.
Reaction Reductant Oxidant
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CuO + H2  Cu + H2O H2 CuO

Mg + O2  2MgO Mg O2
Fe + S  FeS Fe S
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SMART TIP
Reductant gains O or any other electronegative atom. Oxidant
losses O or gains any electropositive atoms.
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vi. A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image of a given object.
a. Consider an object AB placed between F1 and
2F1 in front of a concave lens. Q
b. The incident ray AP is parallel to the principal A P
axis. After refraction it travels along path A
PQ. When PQ is extended backwards, it
passes through focus F1. 2F1 B F1 B O F2
c. Now, the incident ray AO passes undeviated
through optical centre O. This ray meets the
backward extension of ray PQ at A i.e., A is
the image of A.
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3

d. As point B lies on principal axis, its image B will lie on principal axis beneath the
point A.
In this way, AB, the virtual, erect and diminished image of object AB is formed by a
concave lens.
vii. Carbon compounds contain many elements. The compounds which contain carbon and
hydrogen as the only two elements are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the
simplest and the fundamental organic compounds. The smallest hydrocarbon is
methane formed by combination of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Ethane
having molecular formula C2H6, is an example of saturated hydrocarbon. Ethene (C2H4)
and ethyne (C2H2) are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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viii. a. From the given diagram, we understand Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
b. Kepler’s second law: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in
equal intervals of time.

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c. At point P, the velocity of the planet will be maximum.

Q.4
i. a. Elements ‘H’ and ‘C’ are metalloids.

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b. Elements ‘G’ and ‘B’ belong to d-block.
c. Element ‘D’ is more electronegative than element ‘C’ as the electronegativity
decreases while moving down a group.
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d. The molecular formula of the product formed is AI2.
e. Element ‘I’ has the highest nonmetallic character among ‘A’, ‘D’ and ‘I’.
ii. a. The flow of a large amount of current in the circuit beyond the permissible value
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(of current) is called overloading.
b. The effects of overloading can be avoided by not connecting many appliances
(especially of high power rating) at a time in the circuit.
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c. No, overloading and short circuiting are not same. Short circuiting takes place
when a live wire and a neutral wire come in direct contact with each other.
d. During a short circuit, the resistance of the circuit becomes very small.
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e. A huge amount of current flows through the circuit during a short circuit.
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 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (C)
(A) ii. (B)

iii. (B)

iv. (B)

v. (D)

Q.1
i. True
(B)

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ii. IRNSS

iii.

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Element Group Period

a. Lithium 1. 1 ii. 2

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b. Aluminium 4. 13 iii. 3

iv. i
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: Light passes from : : Light passes from
r i
rarer medium to denser medium to
denser medium r rarer medium
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When light ray passes from rarer medium to denser medium, it bends towards the
normal whereas when light ray passes from denser medium to rarer medium, it bends
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away from the normal.

v. Nearsightedness or myopia
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Q.2 GM
i. a. The acceleration due to gravity (g) on earth’s surface is given as, g = .
(A) R2
The value of g depends on the mass M of the earth and the radius R of the
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earth.
b. As we go inside the earth, our distance from the centre of the earth decreases
and no longer remains equal to the radius of the earth (R).
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c. Along-with the distance, the part of the earth which contributes towards the
gravitational force felt also decreases, decreasing the value of (M).
d. Due to combined result of change in R and M, value of g becomes zero at the
centre of the earth.
ii. a. The rainbow appears in the sky after a rainfall.
b. Water droplets present in the atmosphere act as small prism.
c. When sunlight enters these water droplets it gets refracted and dispersed.
d. This dispersed light gets totally reflected inside the droplet and again is
refracted while coming out of the droplet.
e. As a combined effect of all these phenomena, the seven coloured rainbow is
observed.
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4

iii. a. Carbon is a non-metal having atomic number 6.
b. The electronic configuration of carbon is (2, 4).
c. There are four electrons present in the outermost shell of a carbon atom. So, its
valency is 4.
Hence, carbon is a tetravalent atom.

Q.2 i.
(B) Sr. Size of Nature of the Magnification
Position of object
No. the image image (Negative or Positive)
a. Beyond 2F1 Small Real and inverted Negative

b. Between F1 and O Very large Virtual and erect Positive

ns
ii. a. Isotopes were discovered long time after Mendeleev developed the periodic table.
b. All isotopes of the same element have different atomic masses but same atomic

io
number. They also have the same chemical properties.
c. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of their
atomic masses such that chemically similar elements are placed together in a

at
group. So, it was difficult to place them in Mendeleev’s periodic table.
d. In modern periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of their
atomic numbers. Hence, all the isotopes of an element occupy the same position in
lic
the modern periodic table.
iii. Solution:
Given: Potential difference (V) = 250 V,
ub
Current (I) = 0.5 A
To find: Power (P)
Formula: P = VI
Calculation: From formula,
P

P = 250  0.5
 P = 125 W
Ans: Power of electric bulb is 125 W.
et

iv. Examples of homopolymers:

Polyethylene, polystyrene, teflon, polypropylene
rg

(Note: In ‘Give examples’, students are expected to write minimum 4 examples.)

v.
Ta

Mass
a. Mass is the quantity of matter
contained in an object.
b. Mass remains same everywhere.
c. Mass is measured in kilogram (kg).
Weight
Weight is the force with which the
earth attracts an object.
Weight of a body keeps on changing
from place to place.
Weight is measured in newton (N).

d. Mass is a scalar quantity. Weight is a vector quantity.

e. Mass of an object can never be Weight of an object becomes zero at

zero. the centre of the earth.
[Any four points]
15
 
SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Q.3 i. The extent of change in the direction of light ray is different for different media
and depends upon the refractive index of the medium. The value of refractive index
depends on the velocity of the light in the medium. The refractive index of second
medium with respect to the first is given by the ratio of the magnitude of velocity of
light in first medium (v1) to that in second medium (v2). Velocity of light in a medium
depends on the frequency of light and thus different colours travel with different
velocity in a medium. Therefore, refractive index of a medium is different for
different colours.

ii. a. The products are silver chloride (AgCl) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3).
b. The reaction is AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl  + NaNO3(aq)

ns
c. Yes, the reaction follows law of conservation of mass. There is no change in the
weight of the conical flask before and after the reaction.

iii.

io
Fix location of any
IRNSS place Navigational

at
INSAT and Weather study and
Weather
GSAT predict
lic
Study of forests,
deserts, oceans etc. Earth’s
IRS
Observation and observation
guidance in case of
ub
natural calamities

iv. a. In this method, the powdered bauxite ore is soaked in aqueous Na2CO3 which
P

dissolves the main ingredient of ore, alumina to form soluble sodium aluminate.
The undissolved gangue that is left behind is filtered off.
Al2O32H2O(s) + Na2CO3(aq)  2NaAlO2(aq) + CO2  + 2H2O(l)
et

Aluminium Sodium Sodium Carbon Water

oxide carbonate aluminate dioxide

b. The filtrate is warmed and neutralized by passing carbon dioxide through it

rg

resulting in the precipitation of aluminium hydroxide.

2NaAlO2(aq) + 3H2O(l) + CO2(g)  2Al(OH)3  + Na2CO3(aq)
Sodium Water Carbon Aluminium Sodium
Ta

aluminate dioxide hydroxide carbonate

c. The precipitate of aluminium hydroxide obtained in the process is filtered, washed,

dried and calcined at 1000 °C to get pure alumina.
2Al(OH)3(s) 
heat
1000  C
Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
Aluminium Aluminium Water
hydroxide oxide vapour

v. Solution:
Given: Power (P) = + 1.5 D
To find: Focal length (f)
Formula: P = 1/f

16
16
 

Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4

Calculation: From formula,
1
f= SMART TIP
1.5 Note the unit of focal length is metre if power is
= +0.67 m measured in dioptres.

The prescribed lens is convex lens as the focal length is positive. Convex
lens has positive focal length and it is used for the correction of
farsightedness or hypermetropia. Thus, the defect in vision is
hypermetropia (farsightedness).
Ans: The prescribed lens is convex lens of focal length +0.67 m and the defect in
vision is hypermetropia (farsightedness).

ns
vi. Solution:
Given : Mass of copper block (mc) = 3.1 kg.
Change in temperature (T) = 520  20

io
= 500 C.
Mass of ice melted (mice) = 1.8 kg.

at
Latent heat of fusion of ice (Lmelt) = 333 kJ/kg
To find: Specific heat of copper (cc)
Formulae: i. Heat gained by copper block,
lic
Q1 = mc cc T
ii. Heat required to melt the ice, SMART TIP
There is no change in temperature
Q2 = mice(Lmelt)ice
ub
during melting of ice. Hence, T
Calculation: From formula (i), term is not considered while
Q1 = 3.1  cc  500 calculating heat required to melt the
ice.
= 1550 cc
P

From formula (ii),

Q2 = 1.8  333 kJ
et

= 1.8  333  103 J

According to principle of heat exchange, Q1 = Q2
1550 cc = 1.8  333  103
rg

1.8 ×333 ×103

 cc = = 386.7 J/kg C
1550
Ans: Specific heat of copper is 386.7 J/kg C.
Ta

vii. Labelled diagram:

Powdered ore
Magnetic roller Nonmagnetic roller

Nonmagnetic ingredient
Conveyer belt
Magnetic
Collector ingredient
Collector

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 
SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Explanation:
a. The magnetic separation process is based on the differences in magnetic
properties of the ore particles.
b. This machine consists of a nonmagnetic conveyor belt moving over two rollers, one
of which is magnetic in nature while other is nonmagnetic. Two collector vessels
are placed below magnetic roller.
c. Powdered ore is released over the belt near nonmagnetic roller. The nonmagnetic
particles of ore are carried further with belt and fall in the collector vessel which
is placed away from magnetic roller. At the same time, the magnetic particles of
the ore are attracted by the magnetic roller and fall in the collector vessel near
the magnetic roller.

ns
viii.
Name of the Structural formula of the Name of the functional
compound compound group

io
H O H
Propanone H–C–C–C–H Ketone

at
H H
H
Methanol
lic H–C–O–H Alcohol

H
ub
H
Methanal Aldehyde
H–C=O

SMART TIP
P

Suffix: one – ketone, ol – alcohol, al – aldehyde

Q.4 i. Corrected labelled diagram of electric generator (AC):

et

Magnetic field
rg

B Coil C
N S

A D
Ta

SMART TIP B1 R1
The major difference Carbon
Conducting
between diagrams of brushes
ring
AC and DC generators B2
R2
is the number of
conducting/split rings. SMART TIP
Axle
There should be two Electric generators
rings present in the produce electricity which
circuit for it to is measured using
function as an AC G galvanometer whereas,
generator. electric motors need a
battery as a source to
perform mechanical
work.

18
18
 

Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4

Construction: The main components of A.C. generator are:
a. Rectangular coil: A large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound on iron
core in rectangular shape forms a coil ABCD as shown in figure.
b. Strong magnets: The coil is placed in between two pole pieces (N and S) of a
strong magnet. This provides a strong magnetic field.
c. Rings: The two ends of the coil are connected to two rings R1 and R2. These rings
rotate along with the coil.
d. Brushes: Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 are used to press the rings.
e. Axle: The two rings have resistive coating in their inner surfaces and are
tightly fitted on the axle and the function of the axle is to rotate with the

ns
coil.
Working:
a. When the axle is rotated with the help of a machine from outside, the coil ABCD
starts rotating.

io
b. On rotating the axle, the branch AB move upwards and branch CD move downwards
hence coil ABCD rotates clockwise.

at
c. According to Fleming’s right hand rule, electric current flows in the direction
ABCD. Therefore, current flows from B2 to B1 in the external circuit
through galvanometer.
lic
d. After half rotation, the branch AB and CD exchange their position and the
induced current flows as DCBA.
e. Since, branch BA is in contact with brush B1 and branch DC is in contact with B2,
ub
current flow from B1 to B2 in the external circuit i.e., in the direction opposite to the
previous half rotation.
f. This repeats after every half rotation and in this way, alternate current is
produced using AC generator.
P

(Note: In ‘Correct the diagram and explain’, students are expected to draw a new
corrected labelled diagram and write a detailed explanation.)
et

ii. a. G is an inert gas (Neon) because its electronic configuration is (2, 8).
b. F is a halogen (chlorine) because its atomic number is 17 and electronic configuration is
rg

(2, 8, 7).
c. A, B and C are metals.
d. B with atomic number 11 will have electronic configuration (2, 8, 1). It will lose one
Ta

electron. F with atomic number 17 will have electronic configuration (2, 8, 7).
It will gain one electron.
 Compound formed will have formula BF.
e. Electronic configuration of C = (2, 8, 2) and that of E = (2, 6).

SMART TIP
Write down electronic configurations of all. Based on electronic configuration, one can predict if the
element is inert gas (complete octet), halogen (7 valence electrons) or metals (1, 2 or 3 valence
electrons). It helps to predict formula when metal and non-metal combine.

19
 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (C)
(A) Hint: In option (C),
m m Gm2
G  
2 2  = 4 = Gm = F
2
F = 
 d / 2 d d
2 2

ii. (B)

iii. (C)

ns
iv. (C)

v. (B)

io
Q.1
i. A: High earth orbits; B: Low earth orbits
(B)
ii. Iron

at
Iron is a d-block element while others are s-block elements.

iii. False.
lic
An illusion of the appearance of water on a hot road or in a desert is an example of
mirage.

iv.
Column I Column II
ub
a. Electric fuse 2. Heating effect of electric current
b. Electric fan 3. Electromagnetic induction

v. Gravitational constant (G) : Nm2/kg2 :: Acceleration due to gravity : m/s2

P

Q.2 i. a. Satellites revolving around the earth with the time period same as that of
(A) rotation of earth are called geostationary satellites.
et

b. These satellites revolve in orbits parallel to the equator of the earth at height of
around 35780 km from the surface of the earth.
rg

c. As, the orbits of such satellites are always above the equator, these satellites are
not useful for studies of polar region.

ii. a. The electronic configuration of the outermost shell is same for all the elements
Ta

belonging to the same group.

b. So, the number of valence electrons for all the elements in a group is the same.
c. The valency of an element is determined by the valence electrons.
Hence, elements belonging to the same group have the same valency.

iii. a. The muscles attached to the eye lens (ciliary muscles) help in fine adjustments of the
focal length of the lens.
b. The capacity of these muscles to contract or relax to adjust the focal length
(i.e., power of accommodation) has a limit.
c. The minimum distance of an object from a normal eye for which the eye lens can
decrease its focal length to the least possible value, is 25 cm.
Hence, we cannot clearly see an object kept at a distance less than 25 cm from the eye.
20
20
 

Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

Q.2 i. Examples of natural macromolecules:

(B) a. Starch b. Cellulose
c. Rubber d. Silk

ii.
Spacecraft Mission to Function/Achievement
It discovered presence of water on
Chandrayaan-I Moon the moon surface. It was the first
ISRO to discover this.
It obtained useful information
Mangalyaan Mars about surface of Mars and

ns
atmosphere around the Mars.

iii. a. The chemical reactions which are accompanied by absorption of heat are called
endothermic reactions.

io
b. Example: When calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is strongly heated, it undergoes
decomposition to form calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
CaCO3(s) + Heat  CaO(s) + CO2 

at
Calcium Calcium Carbon
carbonate licoxide dioxide

iv. Solution:
Given: Mass (m) = 10 kg, specific heat of water (c) = 1 kcal/kg C
Change in temperature (T) = 100  40 = 60 C
To find: Heat energy (Q)
ub
Formula: Q = m c T
Calculation: According to principle of heat exchange,
Energy supplied to water = Energy gained by water
P

From formula,
Q = 10  1  60 = 600 kcal
Ans: Heat energy necessary to raise temperature of water is 600 kcal.
et

v. Solution:
Given: Speed of light in medium (v2) = 2  108 m/s, velocity of light in vacuum
(v1) = 3  108 m/s
rg

To find: Absolute refractive index (n)

v1
Formula: n=
v2
Ta

Calculation: From formula,

3 ×108
n= = 1.5
2 × 108
Ans: The absolute refractive index of the medium is 1.5.

Q.3 i. a. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion are understood from the given description.
b. As area X3OY3 = n  area X1OY1,
SMART TIP
the time taken to go from X3 to Y3
Note that according to Kepler’s
is n times the time taken to go second law, equal areas are
from X1 to Y1. swept in equal time intervals.
 t2 = nt1
21
 
SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
c. Kepler’s third law of planetary motion is used to formulate inverse square law of
gravity. It states that, the square of orbital period of revolution of a planet
around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the
planet from the Sun.
ii.
No. Reaction Type of reaction
a. 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g)

Decomposition reaction
b. Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Displacement reaction
c. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Double displacement
reaction

ns
SMART TIP
In decomposition reaction, the number of products is more than reactant. In displacement reaction,

io
only one ion changes its place whereas in double displacement reaction, two ions exchange their
places.

at
iii. Statement: “When the elements are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic
masses, the properties of the eighth element are similar to the first.”
Explanation: lic
a. Newlands correlated the atomic masses of elements to their properties in a
different way.
b. He arranged the elements known at that time in an increasing order of their
atomic masses.
ub
c. This arrangement started with the lightest element hydrogen and ended up with
thorium.
d. He found that every eighth element had properties similar to those of the first
element as observed in octaves of music.
P

Example: Sodium is the eighth element from lithium and both have similar properties.
iv. a. Optical instrument shown in the figure is compound microscope
et

b. Labelled diagram:
u v
Object
rg

Fe
Fo O1 O2
Objective
Ta

lens
Eyepiece
Image
v
c. Working: Magnification in compound microscope is obtained by the combined
effect of two lenses. The magnification occurs in two stages. The image formed
by the first lens acts as the object for the second lens. Clear image can be
obtained by adjusting the distance between two lenses.
v. Based on their reactivity, most of the metals are found in combined state in the
earth’s crust while some metals such as silver, gold and platinum are found in free
state. The compounds of metals which occur naturally in the earth’s crust are known
as minerals. The minerals from which metals can be profitably extracted are called

22
22
 

Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

ores. Ores mined from earth usually contain large amount of impurities like sand, soil,
etc. These impurities are called gangue. The extraction of metals from their ores and
then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. [3 Marks]

vi. Solution:
Given: Speed of light in water (vw) = 2.2  108 m/s,
speed of light in glass (vg) = 2  108 m/s
To find: a. Refractive index of glass w.r.t. water (wng)
b. Refractive index of water w.r.t glass (gnw)
1 v1 2 1
Formulae: a. n2 = b. n1 =
v2 1
n2

ns
Calculation: From formula (a),
2.2×108
w
ng = vw = = 1.1
vg 2×108
From formula (b),

io
1
g
nw = = 1 = 0.909
w
ng 1.1

at
Ans: a. Refractive index of glass w.r.t. water is 1.1.
b. Refractive index of water w.r.t glass is 0.909.

vii. Labelled diagram:

lic
Powdered ore

water
ub

Slit
Vibrating
P

table
Gangue
et

Concentrated ore
Wilfley table method
a. Wilfley’s table is made by fixing narrow, thin and long wooden riffles on an
rg

inclined surface.
b. The table is given a regular vibrating motion.
c. The powdered ore obtained from lumps of the ore using ball mill is fed on the top of
Ta

Wilfley’s table and running stream of water is also released from the upper side.
d. As a result, the lighter gangue particles are carried away by water and heavy ore
particles in which proportion of minerals is more, settle between the wooden
riffles fixed on the table and get collected on the slits between them.

viii. a. The heat energy required to change substance from one state to another at
constant temperature is called as latent heat of substance.
b. When latent heat is supplied to a substance, it is utilised for weakening the bonds
between atoms or molecules of the substance.
c. When solid substance is provided with latent heat of fusion, weakening of bonds
results into distancing of atoms or molecules of solids and eventually it changes
into liquid state.
23
 
SSC Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
d. Similarly, when liquid substance is provided with latent heat of vaporisation, it
changes into gaseous state.
e. Conversely when latent heat is released or given off from a substance, it results
into strengthening the bonds between atoms or molecules causing change of state
of the substance.
f. When a liquid substance gives off latent heat of fusion, bonds between atoms or
molecules grow stronger bringing them closer and eventually liquid changes into
solid.
g. Similarly, when a gaseous substance gives off latent heat of vaporisation, it changes
into liquid.

ns
Supplied Supplied

Solid Latent heat Liquid Latent heat Gas

of fusion of vaporisation
Given off Given off

io
Q.4
i. a. Compound A is ethene (CH2 = CH2).

at
b. Compound B is ethane (CH3 – CH3).
c. Reaction:
CH2 = CH2 
H 2
 CH3  CH3
Ethene
nickel
lic Ethane
(A) (B)
d. Compound A (ethene) belongs to the homologous series of alkenes.
ub
Compound B (ethane) belongs to the homologous series of alkanes.
e. When compound B (ethane) undergoes combustion in sufficient supply of oxygen, it
forms carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) along with the release of large amount
of heat and light.
P

2C2H6 + 7O2  4CO2 + 6H2O + Heat + light

Ethane Oxygen Carbon Water
(B) dioxide
et

SMART TIP
In combustion of carbon compounds, the products are CO2 and H2O.
rg

ii. Electric motor:

It is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Ta

Construction: Electric motor consists of following parts:

a. Rectangular coil: A large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound on iron
core in rectangular shape forms a coil ABCD as shown in figure.
b. Strong magnet: The coil is placed in between two pole pieces (N and S) of a
strong horse shoe magnet which provides a strong magnetic field. The sides AB
and CD are perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field.
c. Split ring: It consists of two halves of a metallic ring (R1 and R2). The ends of the
coil are connected to these rings.
The outer conducting surfaces of spilt rings R1 and R2 are in contact with the two
stationary carbon brushes. Spilt rings reverse the direction of current in the coil.
d. Brushes: Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 are used to press the split rings.
24
24
 

Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

e. Axle: The two halves of the rings have resistive coating in their inner surfaces and
are tightly fitted on the axle. The main function of axle is to rotate with the coil.
f. Battery: The battery supplies the current to the coil.

B C
N S

A D
Split rings R1 R2 Carbon
(R1 and R2) brushes
B1 B2 (B1 and B2)

ns
Axle
K

io
Electric motor

Working:

at
a. When the circuit is completed, the current passes through the brush B1 from A to
B in branch AB.
b. As, the magnetic field acts from north pole to south pole, according to Fleming’s left
lic
hand rule, the force experienced by arm AB is in the downward direction and arm CD
is in the upward direction.
c. Both these forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and hence, the
coil rotates in anticlockwise direction.
ub
d. After half rotation, the split rings R2 and R1 come in contact with brushes B1 and
B2 respectively.
e. Again the current starts passing through the coil in opposite direction.
P

f. The force acting on branch BA is upward and DC is downward, this force again moves
the coil in anticlockwise direction.
g. This shows that the current in the loop ABCD is reversed after every half
et

rotation, and the loop continues to rotate in same direction.

h. Thus, the coil rotates with the help of electrical energy.
rg
Ta

25