nature & elements

of
COMMUNICATION

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 • process of transmitting information
and common understanding from
one person to another (Keyton, 2011)
COMMUNICATION
• Interdependent process of sending,
receiving, and understanding
messages (Dunn & Goodnight, 2011)

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 • To convey information

• To seek/ask/request for
FOUR information/help
COMMUNICATION
PURPOSES • To influence

• To entertain

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 • Intrapersonal

TYPES • Interpersonal
of
COMMUNICATION
• Small Group

• Public Speaking

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❖INDIVIDUAL
• Create a diagram of the communication process.
EXERCISE

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 usc | dcll | kgo | 2020
Image not mine. Credits to the owner (via Google Images)
Lucas (2015)

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 • Speaker
• Message
ELEMENTS • Channel
OF • Listener
COMMUNICATION • Feedback
• Interference
• Context

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❖SENDER

• the encoder or the

source of the message
• Can be a person, group
of people, or an
organization with their
own distinct
characteristics in terms
of race, age, gender,
values, experiences, and
other traits

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❖MESSAGE

• Whatever a sender
communicates to someone
else
• Intended message be what
is actually communicated
• The ideas and feelings that
the sender encodes
• Involves verbal utterances
and nonverbal behaviors or
symbols to which meaning
is attributed during
communication

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❖TYPES of
MESSAGES
• VERBAL
• What a sender encodes
(words)
• NONVERBAL
• How a sender (speaker)
encodes or delivers the
message
• Paralanguage (tone)
• Gestures
• Body movements
• Facial Expressions
• Eye movements
• Proximity
• Appearance/Clothing
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❖CHANNEL
• Also called the medium
• Means by which a message is
communicated
• Both the route traveled by
the message and the means
of transportation
• A vehicle used in message
conveyance based on:
1. form of delivery
1. verbal
2. nonverbal
2. means used in the
delivery
1. face-to-face
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❖RECEIVER

• Person who receives the

communicated message
and thus cannot be absent
• The decoder or recipient of
the message
• TN: has own attributes
• Frame of reference -
total of listener’s
knowledge, experience,
goals, values, and
attitudes which filters
speaker’s message which
is different from the
speaker’s
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❖FEEDBACK

• Reactions and responses to

messages of the sender
• Gives information on how
the message is interpreted
by the receiver
• Maybe verbal or nonverbal

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❖INTERFERENCE

• Also called noise

• Relates to the factors that
hinder the recipient’s
ability to send or receive
messages
• Serves as a barrier to the
communication process
• Anything that impedes of
interferes the
communication of a
message
• May be external or internal

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❖KINDS of
INTERFERENCE

• External
• Physical noise
• Internal
• Psychological noise
• Physiological noise
• Semantic noise

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❖CONTEXT

• Also called as situation

• Refers to the situation and
environment in which the
communication occurs
• Time and place in which
speech communication
occurs
• Has different dimensions:
• Physical
• Social
• Cultural

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Image not mine. Credits to the owner (via Google Images) usc | dcll | kgo | 2020
v TRIVIA

• Do you know that many of us spend 70 to

80% of our waking hours in some form of
communication?
• Furthermore, statistics point to the fact
that approximately 85% of our success in
life is directly attributable to our
communication skills.

Trivia is taken from the GE PC book of Pielago, Mendoza, & Magno (2018)

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v REFERENCES
• Brittanica Encyclopedia (2006)
• Dunn & Goodnight (2011)
• Gregory (2002)
• Hamilton (2002)
• Hamilton (2006)
• Harrington & LeBeau (2009)
• Keyton (2011)
• Lee, Dick, & Hatesohl (n.d.)
• Lucas (2007)
• Lucas (2015)
• Pielago, Mendoza, & Magno (2018)
• Siringoringo (2017)

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