Guide 10 - Systems of Equations PR23 MC

VICERRECTORÍA DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR
ACADEMIA DE MATEMÁTICAS
MULTICULTURAL PROGRAM
ALGEBRA II
Guide #10:
TOPIC: SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS
10.1 Graphic Method

10.2 Elimination Method
10.3 Substitution Method
10.4 Equating Method
10.6 Solve by the specified methods
Introduction
Answer the following questions:
1) Explain what does a variable represent in Algebra.
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2) Define an equation and propose an example of one.
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3) Considering your pre
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4) Consider the following equations:

3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5 −𝑥 + 7𝑦 = −4
Identify what they have in common.
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5) Investigate and propose a definition for system .
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6) Def system of equations .
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Guide #10  Systems of Equations 1

ALGEBRA II
7) Explain what would be considered a solution to a system of equations.
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8) Consider the equation 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 12 and solve for 𝑥.
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9) Identify what is needed to make this solution an integer instead of an expression.
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10) Consider the equation 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 12 and solve for 𝑦.
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To get a solution for a system of equations, the amount of variables must equal the
amount of equations. This is known as a determined system.

ALGEBRA II
10.1 Graphic Method
Consider the line on the Cartesian plane

with an equation y=3x+1.
1) Plot the following coordinates

a. (0,1)
b. (1,0)
c. (4,1)
d. (5,3)
e. (2,7)
2) Substitute (0,1) into the equation and

on.
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3) Substitute (5,3) into the equation and

.
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4) Define what would constitute a graphic solution to a system of equations
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5) Plot a second line so that the solution to both equations is located at (-1, -2)
The amount of times the lines intersect correspond to the number of solutions for the
system.
Intersect at one point Intersect at all points

(identical lines) (parallel lines)
Infinite number of solutions No solution

ALGEBRA II
Example 1:
y  1  2x
 4 x  y  1
1) (Standard equation of the line: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑏)
y  2x  1
y  4x  1
2) Identify the elements of the equation for each line. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑏
-intercept (0, b).
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1
m=2/1 (rise 2/ run 1) m=4/1 (rise 4/ run 1)
b = 1 (0, 1) b = -1 (0, -1)
3) For the first equation of the line, find and plot the y-intercept (0, 1). Use the slope 2/1 (/) to
plot the next point (1, 3) and draw the line. Repeat the same process for the next equation and
draw the second line. The intersecting point is the value of the variables (1, 3).
(1,3)

ALGEBRA II
Example 2:
3x  2 y  2
 54  15 x  6 y
 3x  2
y
2
15 x  54
y
6
2) Identify the elements of the equation for each line.
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑏
-intercept (0, b). (Simplify when possible.)
−3𝑥 5𝑥
𝑦= −1 𝑦= −9
2 2
m=-3/2 (rise 3/ run 2) m=5/2 (rise 5/ run 2)
b = 1 (0, -1) b = -9 (0, -9)
3) For the first equation of the line, find and plot the y-intercept (0, -1). Use the slope -3/2 (/) to plot
the next point (2, -4) and draw the line. Repeat the same process for the next equation and draw the second
line. The intersecting point is the value of the variables (2, -4).
If the lines never intercept, t have a solution.

Meaning we have parallel lines.

ALGEBRA II
Exercises: Solve the following systems of equations through the Graphic Method
1. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 6
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
𝑦 =𝑥−3
3. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
7𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3

ALGEBRA II
4. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
6. 𝑦 = 𝑥
6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4

ALGEBRA II
7. 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 1
𝑦 = −𝑥 − 3
1
8. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 3
2
1
𝑦 =− 𝑥−1
2
9. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
−𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2

ALGEBRA II
5
10. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 3
−5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 6
11. 𝑥 = −3
𝑦 =𝑥+2
12. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑥=5

ALGEBRA II
13. 𝑦 = 4
𝑦 + 2 = 3𝑥
14. 𝑦 = −5
2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2
10.2 Elimination Method
1) .
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2) Analyze what happens with x in the following expression. (5𝑥 − 2) + (3 − 5𝑥)
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ALGEBRA II
3) Consider the following system

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
−3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15
Add both equations by combining like terms.
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4) Discuss whether the equation left would be solvable; if so, solve the system in its
entirety.
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Example:
Find the solution for the following system. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16
1. Select one variable to eliminate (in this case . Selected variable must adjust to
have same coefficient and opposite sign in both equations.
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9
(−1)(𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16)
2. Add or subtract vertically the like terms of both equations
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9
−𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −16
0𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −25
3.
−5𝑦 = −25
−25
𝑦 = −5
𝑦=5
4. Substitute the solved variable t matter which)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9
𝑥 − 2(5) = −9
5. Solve the substituted equation
𝑥 − 10 = −9
𝑥 = −9 + 10
𝑥=1
6. State the answer in set notation form or separately. Note that the solution to the
system of equations is the intersection of both lines.
𝑆 = {(1,5)} 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 5

ALGEBRA II
Exercises: Find the solution of the following simultaneous equations, by the elimination
method:
1. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −6 2. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 22 −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4
3. −4𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 30 4. −9𝑥 − 𝑦 = 14
−10𝑥 + 14𝑦 = 12 −18𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3
5. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 6. −5𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 3
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7

ALGEBRA II
7. 7𝑦 = 25 + 6𝑥 8. 2𝑦 = 9𝑥 + 9
−5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 19 = 0 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7 = 0
9. 3𝑦 = −𝑥 + 9 10. 𝑦 = 6 − 3𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3 −6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
11. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 12. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
6𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 12 = 0 𝑥−𝑦−2=0

ALGEBRA II
10.3 Substitution Method
1) Consider the following equation: 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10

Solve for y by substituting the following values of 𝑥.
a. 𝑥 = 3
b. 𝑥 = 3𝑦
c. 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 1
d. 4𝑥 = 12𝑦 − 4
2) Consider the following system of equations.

2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10
4𝑥 = 12𝑦 − 4
Suggest a series of steps to solve it through the Substitution Method.
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The algebraic method that can be applied effectively to the widest variety of
simultaneous equations, including non-linear equations, is the substitution method.
To use this method, one of the equations must be chosen and solved in terms of the other
variable. Then, it is required to substitute this expression into the other equation to
produce an equation with only one variable, to be solved directly.

ALGEBRA II
Example:
Find the intersection of 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16.
1. 𝑥 .
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9
𝑥 = −9 + 2𝑦
2. Substitute this solved variable in the second equation.

𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16
(−9 + 2𝑦) + 3𝑦 = 16
3. Solve for the other variable (in this .

−9 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑦 = 16
5𝑦 = 16 + 9
25
𝑦= 5
4. 𝑦
.
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9
𝑥 − 2(5) = −9
5. Solve the substituted equation.

𝑥 − 10 = −9
𝑥 = −9 + 10
𝑥=1
6. State the answer in set notation form or separately.
𝑆 = {(1,5)} 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 5

ALGEBRA II
Exercises: Find the ordered pair which represents the solution to the following
simultaneous equations using the substitution method.
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 2. −𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
𝑥+𝑦 =8 𝑥 = −2 − 3𝑦
3. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −7 4. −3𝑥 + 𝑦 = −9
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −14 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 11
5. 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 23 6. −6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = −24
−5𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −20 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 18

ALGEBRA II
7. −6𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2 8. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1 7𝑦 = −14𝑥 + 28
9. 𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 9 10. 9𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 18
𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 7 = 0 −6𝑥 = 3 + 2𝑦
1 1
11. 3 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 12. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1
4
1 1 −2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
𝑥− 𝑦=2
2 4

ALGEBRA II
10.4 Equating Method
1. State the following equivalences
1𝑚 = ___________ 𝑐𝑚 & 1𝑚 = ___________ 𝑚𝑚
Considering that 1𝑚 = 1𝑚,
_______ 𝑐𝑚 = ________ 𝑚𝑚
The transitive property describes the logical conclusion where

if A=B and B=C, then A=C
2. Consider the following system,

𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 4 & 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 8
Apply the transitive property to this system and solve it.
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Example:
Solve the system of equations of 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16.
1. Isolate the same variable on .
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16
𝑥 = −9 + 2𝑦 𝑥 = 16 − 3𝑦
2. Equate both results.
−9 + 2𝑦 = 16 − 3𝑦
3. Solve for .
3𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 16 + 9
5𝑦 = 25
𝑦=5
4. Substitute the second solved variable 𝑦

.
𝑥 = −9 + 2(5)
5. Solve the substituted equation.
𝑥 = −9 + 10
𝑥=1
6. State the answer in set notation form or separately.
𝑆 = {(1,5)} 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 5

ALGEBRA II
Exercises: Use the equating method to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 8 2. 𝑥 = 9 + 8𝑦
𝑦 = 7 − 4𝑥 𝑥 =2+𝑦
3. 2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 3 4. −2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 22
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
5. −7𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 7 6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4

ALGEBRA II
7. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 6 8. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 8
𝑦 =𝑥+2 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 1
9. 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 6 10. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 10𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −3
11. 4𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 2 12. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −7
8𝑦 = 6𝑥 + 4 10𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −14

ALGEBRA II
1. Investigate what a matrix is, in an algebraic context, and write an example of one.
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The structure of a matrix usually consists of rows equal to the number of equations and
one column for each variable
𝑎11 𝑎12
[𝑎 𝑎22 ]
21
Each element contains the coefficient corresponding to the variable
For questions 2 through 6 consider the following system of equations
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 7
−2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3
2. Present the system of equations in matrix form
𝐷=[ ]
3. Obtain the determinant of matrix A by following these steps:
𝐷 = 𝑎11 𝑎22 − 𝑎21 𝑎12

𝐷 =__ ●__ - __● __
𝐷 = __
4. Replace the following values in the matrix Ax and obtain the determinant DAx by
equations.
𝑏 𝑎12
𝐷𝑥 = [ 1 ]→[ ] 𝐷𝑋 =
𝑏2 𝑎22

ALGEBRA II
5. Replace the following values in the matrix DAy and obtain the determinant by
following the steps in question 3.
𝑎 𝑏1
𝐷𝑦 = [ 11 ]→[ ] 𝐷𝑦 =
𝑎21 𝑏2
6. Considering your previous answers, use the following formulas to obtain the
solutions to the system of equations.
𝐷𝑥 𝐷𝑦
𝑥= = = 𝑦= = =
𝐷 𝐷
The system of equations:

𝑎11 𝑥 + 𝑎12 𝑦 = 𝑏1
𝑎21 𝑥 + 𝑎22 𝑦 = 𝑏2
The matrixes
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑏1 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑏1

𝐷 = [𝑎 𝑎22 ] 𝐷𝑥 = [ ] 𝐷𝑦 = [ ]
21 𝑏2 𝑎22 𝑎21 𝑏2
The determinants
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑏1 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑏1

𝐷 = [𝑎 𝑎22 ] 𝐷𝑥 = [ ] 𝐷𝑦 = [ ]
21 𝑏2 𝑎22 𝑎21 𝑏2
𝐷 = 𝑎11 𝑎22 − 𝑎21 𝑎12 𝐷 = 𝑏1 𝑎22 − 𝑏2 𝑎12 𝐷 = 𝑎11 𝑏2 − 𝑎21 𝑏1
The solutions
𝐷𝑥 𝐷𝑦
𝑥= 𝑦=
𝐷 𝐷
Example:
Solve the system of equations.
−𝑥 + 8𝑦 = −9
𝑥−𝑦 =2
The matrixes and determinants
−1 8 −9 8 −1 −9
𝐷=[ ] = −7 𝐷𝑥 = [ ] = −7 𝐷𝑦 = [ ]=7
1 −1 2 −1 1 2
The solutions
−7 −7
𝑥= = −1 𝑦= = −1
7 7

ALGEBRA II
Calculate the following determinants
2 7 9 4
1. 𝐷 = [ ] 2. 𝐷 = [ ]
3 5 2 1
3 4 3 5
3. 𝐷 = [ ] 4. 𝐷 = [ ]
−4 3 3 −5
1 1 8 4
5. 𝐷 = [ ] 6. 𝐷 = [ ]
−5 −5 6 3
7. Discuss what would happen to the solutions if 𝐷 = 0.
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8. Discuss what would happen to the solutions of the system if 𝐷𝑥 = 0 and/or 𝐷𝑦 = 0.
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ALGEBRA II
Exercises: Solve the following systems (Determinants).
1. – 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 1 2. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −6
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = −7 −3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 4
3. 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 4. −2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 4
−2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −6 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6

ALGEBRA II
5. −8𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 4 6. −8𝑥 + 𝑦 = −8
−2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 1 𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 1
7. −6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 9 8. 3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = −8
−7𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0 𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 0

ALGEBRA II
10.6 Solve by the specified methods.
1. Graphic Method Substitution Method
 y  5  x
 7x  3  y
2. Equating Method Elimination Method
5 x  36  6 y
5 x  27  3 y

ALGEBRA II
3. Substitution Method Elimination Method
3x  2 y  14  0
 6 x  4 y  28
4. Graphic Method Equating Method
 4 x  5 y  10
45  12 x  15 y

ALGEBRA II
5. Substitution Method Equating Method
14
 8  2y  x
5
 6 x  5 y  45  0
6. Determinants Method Elimination Method
2x  5 y  1
3x  y  10

Guide 10 - Systems of Equations PR23 MC

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VICERRECTORÍA DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR

TOPIC: SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

10.1 Graphic Method

10.6 Solve by the specified methods

1) Explain what does a variable represent in Algebra.

2) Define an equation and propose an example of one.

3) Considering your pre

4) Consider the following equations:

5) Investigate and propose a definition for system .

6) Def system of equations .

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 1

7) Explain what would be considered a solution to a system of equations.

8) Consider the equation 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 12 and solve for 𝑥.

9) Identify what is needed to make this solution an integer instead of an expression.

10) Consider the equation 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 12 and solve for 𝑦.

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 2

10.1 Graphic Method

Consider the line on the Cartesian plane

1) Plot the following coordinates

2) Substitute (0,1) into the equation and

3) Substitute (5,3) into the equation and

4) Define what would constitute a graphic solution to a system of equations

Intersect at one point Intersect at all points

Infinite number of solutions No solution

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 3

-intercept (0, b).

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 4

If the lines never intercept, t have a solution.

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 5

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 6

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 7

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 8

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 9

10.2 Elimination Method

2) Analyze what happens with x in the following expression. (5𝑥 − 2) + (3 − 5𝑥)

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 10

3) Consider the following system

Find the solution for the following system. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 11

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 12

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 13

10.3 Substitution Method

1) Consider the following equation: 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10

2) Consider the following system of equations.

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 14

Find the intersection of 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −9 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16.

2. Substitute this solved variable in the second equation.

3. Solve for the other variable (in this .

5. Solve the substituted equation.

6. State the answer in set notation form or separately.

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 15

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 16

Guide #10  Systems of Equations 17

10.4 Equating Method

1. State the following equivalences

1𝑚 = ___________ 𝑐𝑚 & 1𝑚 = ___________ 𝑚𝑚

Considering that 1𝑚 = 1𝑚,

The transitive property describes the logical conclusion where

2. Consider the following system,

Apply the transitive property to this system and solve it.

1. Isolate the same variable on .

4. Substitute the second solved variable 𝑦

1𝑚 = _ 𝑐𝑚 & 1𝑚 = _ 𝑚𝑚