Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of variation
Consider A
function - f(x
=
, y ,
y') where
the
independent a
variable zu varies between L
given x
,
and
22
with x
4
Then the
integral
·
I=
Joe f(x y y') dx > Q
-
, ,
se
,
is called
the
functional
interval
associated with the
function f(x , y, y')
over In
,
21
Variational
problem
The problem of finding y(x) for which the inte
geal I
-
and
extremum)
subj ect
·
is a maximum or minimum (i e. -
called variational
to boundary conditions is problem ·
of
.
Enter-Lagrange eq
. or Euler's equation
A necessary condition for the
integral I= flu , 3 , ya
where and to
y(x) =
y, y() :
I,
have a maximum or
-(5)
minimum is = 0 =
Enke's
other
forms of eq.
=
14
-(t-8 + ) = 0
I et -
of -
y'c -
y of - -
= O >
-
by Jady' ayzy
I
by
extended Euler's
is form of eq
Particular cases :
1) If f is
solely a
function of y'
The Euli's
eq yields
-t
= c a constant
a
,
ins
may
be
integrated to detumine
y =
y(u)
Euler's
2) # f is
independent of y
.
Then the
eq
④ becomes
n(bt)
Tyl
= 0 which yields
If = c
>,
-
where is an
arbitrary
I
by
constant .
& can be solved
for y and
by integration
.
obtained
y =
y(x) can be
3) # is
independent of y . Then Eula's
eq * becomes
which when
integrated gives y y a
f
=
0 =
Eule's
# # f is
independent of x
and y . Then the
eq O of
"
becomes
* **
y -
2
= O
by
of solution
# FO ,
this
yields a
of the form
oy2
where and constants
y : ax + b a b are .
Accordingly
extremals lines
the
of I now are
straight .
56 # f does not contain is
explicitly
. Then the
Eule's Yields
eq
↓
-Yet, +, where is
c
arbitrary
=
an
solved
constant
and
.
③
subsequently
can be
y
=
y (x)
fory' in
terms is of
=
= by ,
by
Euler's
eg for the problem is
on It
=>
28- /x o
=> 2y-2x =
0
... -
x = 0
-
0
end
④ satisfies the
given conditions y(0) = 0
y(1) = /
extremal problem
Hence
y
= x is the
of ·
conditions Y(o) =
y (T12) = 0
2
Soli
f =
y -y -gysinc
If =
dy-2sinc ,
Et =
-zy'
by by
: Euler's
eq of problem is
dy-esinc - (-2y') = 0
"
since
nd y +
y
=
This is 2
A E
.
: m
order
2
1 = 0
linear
differential eg
.
m = 1 i
C F corn + since
C
c
.
... =
Sinc sinc
:
P I
-Acorn
.
: =
2D
P I
Y C F C corn
sinc -
+
Acorn
: =
: .
+ - = -
Given : Y(0) = 0
y(+k) = 0
D = O =
0
C 0
=
=
is extremal
: DE Y = coss the
of the
given
.
functional
3) Solve the variational problem
I In(y)" + ay <ny]du + = 0
under conditions
the y(1) =
y(z) = 0 .
Sol : 2
↓ =
(y') +
2y2 +
Cay
& =
44 + 24
, It =
24y'
,
by cy
Eula's
eq
is 4y + 2x - A (222y)
-
24 2y" -
4xy' +
44 + 2x =
0
- -
2 -
my" +
axy'-ey -
x = 0
zay 2y
my" of Q
.. + = x >
-
nd
Thi is
canchy's 2 order
zey" = D
,
/D
,
-
Dy
① = D (D
, -Dy + 2D
, y -
2y = x
my' ,
,
D
2
(D ,
-
D
,
+ 2D
,
-
2) y
= x
=> (D, +D
,
-
2)y = x + ②
A E:. m + m -2 = 0
2 m2
(n + 2)(m 1)
-
0
-
.. =
X
.. m = 1
,
-
L 2m - m
F2m-m-2
ce22 2
m = 0
C F
.
.
=
c + c x +
m(m + 2) 1(m +2)
=
, , -
= 0
Z Z
PRID,
P F .
= Y e
1 +1 -
2
Z Z
.. P I ze ze ↓
logu
-
= I I
2D + 1 3
,
y
C F +P I c 2 + +
logn >
. -
:
.
= =
, 2
conditions
using the
given Boundary ,
y (1) 0 - 0 c +
22
= =
y() 0 = 0 24 +
12
+
zhog
= =
Solving
Get
these we
egus ,
=gene
Y =
t [0 / +2 2)
-
log2 + <
logn]
solution variational problem
is
of ·
independent of
12
Sol : Here
f =
#y
x
is
y
of I
=
= + X
27
-
by u2r
/ 1 +y
2 ,
-
y' E
Engiity
y / -
[x = -
y = <
1 - c x2
Integrating ,
we
get
Let 1-ic = t
2 cxdx dt
Side
- =
:
e e
cxdx =
-
↑ 22
...
Y =A = 2u
- +=
C -+
22
(1 3)
>
-
- nt) = x
=
: x +
(y -
c)2 t -> Q
y(z) = 1
,
0 = 4 +
(
-
G) =
1
= 4+
It 24
-
- -22 =
=> 4 +
= 2
-
=
② = 1 + 5= 1 - c = 1
C2 ↳
2+ extremal
:
/y 2) - =
I
is the
of given
.
functional
I: ) 2 y
b) PT extremal (I + y 12) da
is
of
.
an
a
parabola -
contain
Dol : Here
f =
y(ity'2) does not i
f-y'Et
Echi's eg is =
of : + xyy'
/ylity i
by
-
12
0 =
Xty14) -
yy = C
y() y 2)
+ ,
y (ity'2) -
yy" cy)) =
y ( y(z)2 yy1
+ +
Sy (i +y'2) by'd
-
cy ( + y(2) =
y
+
-
2y2y +
- -
y y
-
-
=
c) 12)
=y
y =
I
y12
#
- =
y 5t
-
2
simplifying =
+ y c
-
X
-
=
,
-
=
d
-T =
4 +
4(y -
c) =
( +
c)
which is a
parabola
66