Mathematics 7

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 4
Related Terms in Algebra
Mathematics – Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 4: Related Terms in Algebra
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Margie B. Relato
Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
Reviewers: Rochelle B. Laranang; Ruby Baisa Tuando;
Glady O. Dela Cruz ; Ma. Cynthia P. Badana;
Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa

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Mathematics 7
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 4
Related Terms in Algebra
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Related Terms

in Algebra!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Related Terms

in Algebra!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Illustrate and differentiate related terms in algebra namely:

a. 𝑎𝑛 where n is a positive integer
b. constants and variables
c. literal coefficients and numerical coefficients
d. algebraic expressions, terms and polynomials

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your
notebook.

1. It tells how many times the number is multiplied by itself.

A. Base C. Variable
B. Exponent D. Factor

2. It is a polynomial consisting of three terms.

A. Triangle C. Triathlon
B. Trinomial D. Triennial

3. What is the degree of the polynomial 𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1?

A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1

4. How many terms are there in the polynomial 𝑎2 − 2𝑥 + 1?

A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1

5. In the expression 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 − 1, which of these terms are like terms?

A. 𝑥 2 and −5𝑥 C.𝑥 2 ,−5𝑥, and −3𝑥

B. −5𝑥 and −3𝑥; 2 and −1 D. 2 and -1
 RECAP
Direction: Translate the following verbal phrases to mathematical phrases.

1. Seven more than m

2. Six less than n
3. n exceeds by 5
4. The quotient of a and b
5. Thrice a
6. Four added to twice a
7. a diminished by the product x and y
8. The quotient of 4 less than b and 5 more than a
9. The sum of twice m and thrice n
10. The quotient of the sum of a and 3, and b

LESSON

HISTORICAL TRIVIA
Algebra is a branch of Mathematics that uses symbols, usually letters of the
alphabet, in order to solve problems.
The word algebra originated in the word al-jabr which is a part of the title of
Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi’s book Al Kitab Jabr Waál Mugabelah in
which he introduced the fundamental algebraic methods and techniques for
solving equations.

CONSTANTS, VARIABLES AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Help Break the Chain of Virus

If each infected person spreads the virus to five other people, the chain of
infections would grow exponentially.

The diagram below shows the growing pattern of people who might be infected
by each person.
Guide Questions:
a. Complete the table.
Number of people
with virus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of people
might be infected

b. In your own words, describe how to find the number of people might be
infected of every person with virus.
c. Write the relationship between the number of people with virus and the
number of people might be infected.

Solutions:

a.
Number of people
with virus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of people
might be infected 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

b. To find the number of people infected, multiply the number of people with
virus by 5. That is,
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑥 5.
c. Let n be the number of people with virus
The number of people might be infected by n number of people with virus is
𝑛 𝑥 5 or 5𝑛.

From the problem, 5n is an algebraic expression. Since n can take on many

different values, we say that n is a variable. Its value varies. On the other hand, 5
is a constant since the number of people might be infected by each person with virus
is a fixed value.

An algebraic expression or simply an expression is a result of combining

numbers and variables with at least one mathematical operation.
A variable is any symbol, usually a letter, that represents any possible values.

A constant is any symbol that represents exactly one number in its

replacement set.

Illustrative Examples:

A. Identify the constants, variables and the operations involved in the following
algebraic expressions.
2𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
1. 3𝑥 − 2 2. 2𝜋𝑟 3. 4. 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 5.
𝑎−2𝑏 𝑐
 Solutions:

Algebraic Constant(s) Variable(s) Operation(s)

Expressions
3𝑥 − 2 3 and -2 x multiplication and subtraction
2𝜋𝑟 2 and 𝜋 r multiplication
2𝑎 − 𝑏 multiplication, division, and
𝑎 − 2𝑏 1, -1, 2, -2 a and b subtraction
2𝑙 + 2𝑤 2 l and w multiplication and addition
2𝑎𝑏
𝑐 1, 2 a, b, and c multiplication and division

B. Decide whether each quantity is constant or variable.

a. the number of months in a year

b. the number of people infected with coronavirus each week in your barangay
c. the number of primary colours
d. the water bill each month
e. the number of sides in an octagon
Answers:
a. constant
b. variable
c. constant
d. variable
e. constant

EXPONENTIAL NOTATION

In mathematics, there are several ways to write numbers. Some of these

numbers may take a while to write. One way to make writing of these numbers easier
and shorter is by using exponents.

Consider this:

If a is any number and n is a positive integer,

The, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎. 𝑎. 𝑎 … 𝑎

n times
Illustrative Examples:

a. Find the area of the square.

s
The area of a square is A = s x s or A = s2.
s

b. Find the volume of the cube.

 s
The volume of a cube is V = s x s x s = s3.
s
s

From the two figures, s2 is read as “s squared” or “s to the second power”. The
s3 is read as “s cubed” or “s to the third power”. The s is called the base. It is the
number being multiplied. The numbers 2 and 3 are called the exponents. They tell
how many times the base is used as a factor.

Long Notation Exponential Notation

4•4•4•4•4•4•4 = 16,384 = 47 Exponent

Base

Additional Examples:

Write each of the following in exponential form.

a. 3•3•3•3•3
Solution: 3.3.3.3.3 = 𝟑𝟓
b. (-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)
Solution: (-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1) = (−𝟏)𝟓
1 1 1 1
c. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3

1 1 1 1 𝟏 𝟒
Solution: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = ( )
3 3 3 3 𝟑

d. 3𝑎 • 3𝑎 • 3𝑎
Solution: 3𝑎. 3𝑎. 3𝑎 = (3𝑎)3 = 𝟑𝟑 𝒂𝟑
e. −2 • 𝑦 • 𝑦 • 𝑦 • 𝑦
Solution: −2. 𝑦. 𝑦. 𝑦. 𝑦 = −𝟐𝒚𝟒

Evaluate the following.

a. (−2)2
Solution: (−2)2 = (−2)(−2) = 𝟒
b. −22

Solution: −22 = −2(2) = −𝟒

2 3
c. (− )
3
 2 3 2 2 2 𝟖
Solution: (− ) = (− ) (− ) (− ) = (− )
3 3 3 3 𝟐𝟕

2 3
d. − ( )
3

2 2 2 8
Solution: − ( ) ( ) ( ) = −
3 3 3 27

1 5
e. (− )
2

1 1 1 1 1 𝟏
Solution: (− ) (− ) (− ) (− ) (− ) = −
2 2 2 2 2 𝟑𝟐

1 5
f. ( )
2

1 1 1 1 1 𝟏
Solution: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
2 2 2 2 2 𝟑𝟐

3 2
g. (− 𝑦)
4

3 3 𝟗
Solution: (− 𝑦) (− 𝑦) = 𝒚
4 4 𝟏𝟔

h. (−4𝑥 )3

Solution: (−4𝑥 )(−4𝑥 )(−4𝑥 ) = −𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟑

i. 2(−4𝑥 )3

Solution: 2(−4𝑥 )(−4𝑥 )(−4𝑥 ) = −𝟏𝟐𝟖𝒙𝟑

PARTS OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

The expression 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 is an algebraic expression made up of terms. The

terms are 3𝑥, 2𝑦 and −8. It has three terms.

What is meant by a term in an algebraic expression?

The term is a part of an algebraic expression separated by the + sign and

– sign. It can be a single number, a variable or a product of number and
variables.

When a term is made up of a constant multiplied by a variable or variables,

the constant is the numerical coefficient and the variable(s) is the literal
coefficient. The term coefficient is more popularly used to refer to the numerical
factor of a term containing variables.
variable terms

The coefficient constant term

of x is 3. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟖

Variable Terms: 3x and 2y The coefficient of y

Numerical Coefficients: 3 and 2 is 2.
 Literal Coefficients: x and y
Constant Term: -8

Like Terms are terms in an algebraic expression with the same literal
coefficients. Otherwise, they are called unlike terms.
Illustrative Examples:
List the like terms in each expression.

a. 3𝑥 + 2 − 5𝑥 d. 𝑚2 − 2𝑚 − 3 + 𝑚 − 4𝑚2 − 9
b. 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥+5𝑥 2 + 2 − 2𝑥 3 − 7 e. 2𝑥 + 4 − 3𝑥 − 1
c. −𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 5
Solutions:
a. 3𝑥 and −5𝑥 are like terms
b. 2𝑥 3 and −2𝑥 3 are like terms
2 and – 7 are like terms
c. −𝑥𝑦 and 4𝑥𝑦 are like terms
d. 𝑚2 and −4𝑚2 are like terms
−2𝑚 and m are like terms
−3 and – 9 are like terms
e. 2𝑥 and −3𝑥 are like terms
4 and -1 are like terms

POLYNOMIALS

These are some of the rules about polynomials.

A polynomial CAN have Examples
constants, variables and exponents 5, b, 2𝑥 2 𝑧 4
addition, subtraction and
multiplication 7𝑥 − 3
division by a number 𝑦
2

A polynomial CANNOT have Examples

division by a variable 5
𝑥
negative exponents 𝑥 −2
fraction or decimal exponents 1
𝑥 3.2 , 𝑥 2
an infinite number of terms 2+4+6+8+…
 variable is under a radical sign √𝑥

A polynomial is an algebraic expression that represents a sum of one or

more terms containing whole number exponents on the variables.

Let’s name polynomials based on the number of terms.

1. 2𝑥𝑦 2 has one term. It is called MONOMIAL.

2. −1 + 𝑥𝑦 has two terms. It is called BINOMIAL.
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 has three terms. It is called TRINOMIAL.
4. When the polynomial has four or more terms, it is called MULTINOMIAL.

Remember the cycle: monocycle has one wheel, bicycle has two wheels, tricycle has
three wheels.
Study the table below.
Polynomial Number of Terms Name of Polynomial
4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 1 Monomial
𝑥+1 2 Binomial
−2𝑥 7 −4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 3 Trinomial
4𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 5 Multinomial
Now, let’s classify polynomials using their degree.

a. The degree of a polynomial with one variable is the value of the largest
exponent of the variable that appears in any term.
Example: 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1 second degree
b. The degree of a polynomial with two or more variables is the highest degree
for a term with nonzero coefficient.
Example: 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦
𝑥2𝑦 2+1=3 third degree
𝑥2𝑦2 2+2=4 fourth degree
𝑥𝑦 1+1=2 second degree
Thus, the degree of 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 is 4.
c. The degree of a term with only one variable is the exponent of a variable.
Example: 𝑦3 third degree
d. The degree of a term with two or more variables is the sum of its exponents.
Example: −2𝑎2 𝑏 3 𝑐 2+3+1=6 sixth degree
 You already know how to identify the degree of a polynomial. This is important
in arranging the terms of a polynomial in standard form or in descending and
ascending powers of the variables.

Illustrative Examples:

Write these polynomials in ascending and descending orders.

a. 2𝑥 5 − 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1
Solution:
Ascending: −𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟓 Descending: 𝟐𝒙𝟓 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
b. −3𝑥 − 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3
Solution:
Ascending: −𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 Descending: −𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙
c. −2 − 𝑥𝑦 2
Solution:
Ascending: −𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐 Descending: −𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐
d. 5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 5 − 8 − 𝑥 3
Solution:
Ascending: −𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟓 Descending: 𝟐𝒙𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Match the definition in column A with the term in column B.
A B
a. Coefficient
1. A phrase containing one or more terms
connected by plus or minus signs. b. Constant Term
c. Variable
2. A letter used to represent a number. d. Binomial
e. Polynomial
3. It indicates the number of times the base is f. Monomial
used as a factor. g. Exponent
h. Algebraic Expression
4. It is a term written without variables. i. Trinomial
5. It is a polynomial with two terms. j. Like Terms
k. Literal Coefficients
6. These are terms with the same variable(s) of
the same degree.

7. It is the sum of one or more terms each of

which is the product of a collection of
number and letters.

8. A polynomial that contains three terms.

9. A polynomial that contains one term.

10.These are numbers attached to variables in

a term.
 ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Direction: Complete the table below.
Polynomial Variable(s) Constant(s) Constant Degree of a Kinds of
Term Polynomial Polynomial
−4𝑎3 𝑦
2𝑥 − 5
3𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑏 + 7𝑎
11 + 𝑚2 − 9𝑚3 + 2𝑚
25𝑐 4 𝑑 5 𝑒 7 + 7𝑐 4 𝑒 6
− 14𝑐 12 − 4

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Complete the following:

1. Coefficients are of two kinds: __________ and __________.

2. In the expression 2𝑥 2 , the factor to be squared is _____.
3. A literal coefficient uses _______ to represent a number.
4. Using exponent, the expression 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏𝑏 can be written as ________.
5. ___________ are terms which have only one or none of their literal factors are
the same.

Direction: Write the polynomial in descending powers of x.

1. −5𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 + 2
2. 𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 8 + 2𝑥 2
3. 2𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 4 𝑦 3
4. 8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5
5. 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 4 − 1
Direction: List the like terms in each expression.

1. 2𝑥 − 3 + 4 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥
2. 𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 5𝑎2 𝑏
3. −7 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 4 + 𝑦
4. 𝑚𝑛 + 2𝑚𝑛 + 4𝑚 − 4𝑚
5. 2𝑟𝑠 − 𝑟 2 𝑠 − 2𝑟𝑠 2

WRAP-UP

1. What are the parts of an algebraic expression?

2. How does a variable differ from a constant?
3. How does exponent simplify the way we write expressions?
4. What do the prefixes mono, bi, multi, and poly mean? Can you think of other
words that use these prefixes?

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

Fake news multiplies exponentially like a real virus.

What do you think are the reasons why this kind of

news spreads faster? What can you do to avoid
disinformation?

Write your answer in your notebook.

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your
notebook.

1. In an exponential notation, ___________ is the repeated factor in the expression.

A. Base C. Variable
B. Exponent D. Factor

2. It is a polynomial that consists of one term.

A. Monopoly C. Monomial
B. Monochromatic D. Monophonic

3. What is the degree of the polynomial 𝑥𝑦 4 + 5𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 1?

A. 1 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
4. In the given expressions, which is not a polynomial?
1
A. −3𝑥 2 C. 2
B. √2𝑥 D. 0.3𝑥

5. In the expression 2𝑥𝑦 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 2 + 4 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 1, which of these terms are like terms?

A. 2𝑥𝑦 2 and −5𝑥𝑦 2 ; 4 and −1 C.2𝑥𝑦 2 ,−5𝑥𝑦 2 , and −3𝑥𝑦

B. −5𝑥𝑦 2 and −3𝑥𝑦; 4 and −1 D. 4 and -1
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Polynomial Variable(s) Constant(s) Constant Degree of a Kinds of
Term Polynomial Polynomial
−4𝑎3 𝑦 a, y -4 0 4 Monomial
2𝑥 − 5 x 2, -5 -5 1 Binomial
3𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑏 + 7𝑎 a, b 3, -4, 7 0 2 Trinomial
11 + 𝑚2 − 9𝑚3
+ 2𝑚 m 11, 1, -9, 2 11 3 Multinomial
25𝑐 4 𝑑 5 𝑒 7
+ 7𝑐 4 𝑒 6 − 14𝑐12
−4 c, d, e 25, 7, -14, -4 -4 16 Multinomial
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
ACTIVITY 2. c
1. h 1: LET’S PRACTICE! 3. g 4. b 5. d
6. j 7. e 8. i 9. f 10. a
RECAP
1. m + 7 6. 4 + 2a
2. n – 6 7. a – xy
𝑏−4
3. n + 5 8.
𝑎+5
𝑎
4. 9. 2m + 3n
𝑏
𝑎+3
5. 3a 10.
𝑏
PRETEST
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B
PRETEST
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
KEY TO CORRECTION
POSTTEST
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
1. Literal, numerical 2. x 3. Letter 4. 8𝑎4 𝑏 3
5. Unlike/Dissimilar Terms
1. −2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 2. 𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 8
3. −𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 4 𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 4. 8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5
5. −4𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1
1. 2𝑥, 3𝑥 and − 𝑥; −3 and 4 2. 𝑎𝑏 and 2𝑎𝑏; −3𝑎𝑏 2 and 5𝑎2 𝑏
3. 2𝑦, −5𝑦 and 𝑦; −7 and −4 4. 𝑚𝑛 and 2𝑚𝑛; 4𝑚 and −4𝑚
5. None
 References

Nivera, Gladys C. Grade 7 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities. Updated Edition.

Makati City: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2013.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-MATH 7. Revised Edition. Manila:

Rex Book Store Inc., 2015.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. Exploring Mathematics I. First Edition.

Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2003.

Algebra-Integer Exponents-Pauls Online Math

Notes.https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/alg/integerexponents.asp
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