Stages of Growth and Development

Stages Age Period Sigmund Freud Erik Erickson Type of play: Toys: Greatest Fear: Behavior Traits: Jean Piaget
Mobiles, Rattles,
Musical Box,
Squeeze toys,
Trust vs. Mistrust
Solitary Teething rings,
(Hope)
Textured Balls,
Id — drives and Oral (mouth) Large, soft cuddly Stranger Anxiety Sensorimotor (Motor Skills)
instincts, pleasure toys
Neonate 28 days of life
principles
Autonomy vs. Shame Push-poll toys,
Infant 1 month — 1 year
and Doubt (Will) Building blocks, Toys
Parallel
to ride on, pounding
Initiative vs. Guilt pegs, stuff toys Behavior Traits (favorite
Preschooler 1 — 3 years Anal (Toilet Training) Separation Anxiety
(Purpose) words "No")

Housekeeping toys,
playground
Industry vs. Inferiority equipment, tricycles,
Phallic (Gender (Competence) water colors, Pre-Operational (Egocentric)
Associative or Castration / Fear of Behavior Traits (favorite
School-age child 3 — 6 years Identification & Genital picture/coloring
Cooperative the dark word "Why")
Awareness) Oedipus and Electra books, materials for
Complex Surface cutting or pasting,
Ego — controls simple jigsaw
and perception, puzzles and lego
contact w/ reality,
reality principle
Trains and model kit,
Games; jigsaw
puzzle, magic tricks,
Concrete Operational
Identity vs. Role books, table games,
Adolescence 13 — 20 years Latency ( 6 — 12 years) (Conservation and
Confusion (Fidelity) tv, video records,
Reversibility)
bicycles,
skateboards,
collecting objects

Fear of replacement
Intimacy vs. Isolation Competitive / Loss of privacy / Moral Code
Young Adulthood 20 — 40 years death
(Love)
Superego —
concerned w/ Formal Operational
Generativity vs.
moral behavior, Genetals (Develops logical reasoning,
Middle Adulthood 40 — 65 years Stagnation
conscience or guilt decreased egocentric)
(Selflessness)
feelings
Older Adulthood 65 — 74 years
Ego integrity vs.
Middle Old 75 — 84 years Despair (Wisdom)
Old-old 85 and over
 Laurence Kohlberg

Behavior is based on reward

and punushment Wrong
Level I: Pre-Conventional Morality behavior result to punishment
and right behaviour results to
reward and praises

action are based on self-

Level II: Conventional Morality satisfaction and helps those
who help him

Conforms to the rules to

avoid disapproval

Level III: Post Conventional

Morality

Laws are obligatory and

conforms of right and wrong
is governed by reason.
Morality is based on mutual
respect