CHAPTER 4: PERIODIC TABLE

Transition
METALS GROUP 4
N
Alvin Dang ZHI BIN, Fu JIE MIN, CHLOE Chang Suet nee, Ng JOE HAN,
N
tiger lee WEN ZE, ng YOO ZHENG, koh JIA KHAI, jean tan WEN SI
CHAPTER 4
Transition
METALS
1. Transition metals are a block of metallic elements in
between Groups 3 and 12 in the Periodic Table.
2. They are much less reactive than the alkali metals.
3. They do not react as quickly with water or oxygen as
alkali metal.
Transition Metals
 Chemist who found transition metals

English chemist Charles Rugeley Bury (1890–1968)

first used the word transition in this context in 1921,
when he referred to a transition series of elements on
the periodic table with an inner layer of electrons that
was in transition between stable groups, going from
a stable group of 8 to one of 18, or from a stable
group of 18 to one of 32. Today these elements are
also known as d block elements.
 Transition
METALS
GENERAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. high melting point and boiling point
2. hard
3. high density
4. high electrical conductivity
5. high tensile strength
6. shiny surfaces
7. ductile
8. malleable
 high melting point and boiling point
1. The bond between atoms of metal is called a metallic bond and
usually, it is a very strong bond.
2. More heat energy is required to break the strong bonds. Thus all
the transition metals have high melting points and boiling points.
3. For example, iron melts at 1535°C and boils at 2750°C.
4. Mercury is a transition metal, but with an unusually low
melting point ( − 39°C).
Transition
METALS
SPECIAL PRoperties
1. Form Coloured Compounds and Ions in Solute
2. act as catalyst
3. variable oxidation state
4. form complex ions
 Form Coloured Compounds and Ions in Solute
1. Transition elements tend to form coloured
compounds either in solid form or dissolved in a
solvent.
2. The table on the next page shows the colors of
some aqueous solutions of ions of transition
elements.
 ACT AS CATALYST
1. Transition elements or their compounds have catalytic
properties.
2. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction but
it itself does not change chemically after a reaction.
3. Many transition metals are used directly as catalysts
in industrial chemical processes.
 variable oxidation state
1. transition metals can have a variable
oxidation state, which means they can form
more than one ion.
2. For example, iron (II), Fe2+ and iron (III) Fe3+;
copper (I), Cu+ and copper (II) Cu2+.
 form complex ions

1. Transition elements can form complex

ions.
2. A complex ion is a polyatomic ion (positive
or negative) consisting of a central metal
ion with other groups bonded to it.
CHAPTER 4

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