DESIGN OF IRRIGATION

WORK

LECTURE (3)
Synoptic Diagram

DR. Engy Khalil

ACADEMIC YEAR SPRING 2023– 2024

Course Code: CVE 344 1
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

SYNOPTIC DIAGRAM
It is a longitudinal section throughout the canals
and drains.
The diagram shows land level, water level, bed
level, berm level, road level, and the structures
exist along the canal, or the drain length.
The scope of our study is to obtain the water
level, and the land level for all the canals, and
drains of the network.
2
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

SYNOPTIC DIAGRAM OF DRAINS

For Drains, Synoptic is drawn in reverse.
6
Tail of a Drain
5

4
Level (m)

0
Distance
00 11 22 33 44 5
(km)
Land Level
5.25 5.00 5.40 5.35 5.00 5.00
(m)
Water
3.80 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.40 3.30
Level (m) 3
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

EXAMPLE IN PERVIOUS LECTURE

T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.
0
1
Ganabia(1)

B.D (3)
2

B.C (2)

B.C (3)
B.D (1)

B.D (2)
B.C (1)
3

Major Drain
Major Canal

4
H.R.
H.R. H.R H.R.5
.H.R.
H.R. Main Canal H.R. T.E.
Ganabia(2)

B.D (6)

B.C (6)

B.D (5)

B.C (5)

B.C (4)
B.D (4)
Main Drain
T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.

Scale 1:100,000 4
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

For The Branch Drain Number (3) as an example

1. Draw the land level for the Drain.

17

16

15
Level (m)

14

13

12

11

10
Distance
00 11 22 33 44 5
(km)
Land Level
15.65 15.65 15.70 15.80 15.90 16.00
(m)
Water
Level (m) 5
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

2. Draw a line parallel to the land level at 1.50 m

depth. Water level will be drawn at the same
level or lower than this line.
17

16

15 1.50 m
Level (m)

14

13

12

11

10
Distance
00 11 22 33 44 55
(km)
Land Level
15.65 15.65 15.70 15.80 15.90 16.00
(m)
Water
Level (m) 6
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

3. Estimate the land level slope by subtracting

land level at the start from the land level at
the end divided by the drain length.
16.00 − 15.65 ∗ 100
𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = = 7.00 𝑐𝑚/𝑘𝑚
5
Drain Canals required water slope shown in table
(Lecture 2)
Water Slope = (12-16 cm/km)
Use Water Slope = 12 cm/km
7
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

4. Draw guideline for the selected water slope

and take a parallel water level below the 1.50
m depth line. 5 km
0.60 m

17

16

15 1.50 m
Level (m)

14

13

12

11

10
Distance
00 11 22 33 44 55
(km)
Land Level
15.65 15.65 15.70 15.80 15.90 16.00
(m)
Water 8
13.90 14.02 14.14 14.26 14.38 14.50
Level (m)
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

5. The water level required at next grade of

Drains is less than the water level obtained at
the tail of the current drain with 30 cm, this
difference in the water level due to the
quality of drained water, and to allow smooth
movement of water due to gravity.

9
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

The water level at the main drain at the tail of

the branch drain Number (3) = 13.90- 0.30 =
13.60 m 5 km
0.60 m

17

16
Required Water Level 15 1.50 m
At the Main Drain
Level (m)

14

13

12

11

10
Distance
00 11 22 33 44 55
(km)
Land Level
15.65 15.65 15.70 15.80 15.90 16.00
(m)
Water 10
13.90 14.02 14.14 14.26 14.38 14.50
Level (m)
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

EXAMPLE IN PERVIOUS LECTURE

T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.
Ganabia(1)

B.C (3)
B.D (3)
B.C (2)
B.D (1)

B.D (2)
B.C (1)

Major Drain
Major Canal

H.R.
H.R. H.R H.R.
.H.R.
H.R. Main Canal H.R. T.E.
Ganabia(2)

B.C (6)
B.D (6)

B.D (5)

B.C (5)

B.C (4)
B.D (4)
11 10 9 8 7 6 Main
5 4Drain
3 2 1 0

T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.

Scale 1:100,000 11
LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

For the Main Drain, the Same process is used.

However, The water level must satisfy three
conditions;
1. Lower than water levels estimated from the
synoptic diagrams of the previous grade of
drains.
2. Under the 1.50 m depth line parallel to the
land level as possible.
3. Closest to the land level slope as possible.

12
 LECTURE (3): Synoptic Diagram

22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Level (m)

15
14
13

B.D (5)

B.D (6)
B.D (4)

12
11
10
9
8
Distance
0 0 1 1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 10
10 11
11
(km)
Land
14.40 15.10 15.60 16.40 17.00 17.70 18.40 19.00 19.50 20.10 20.60 21.10
Level (m)
Water
Level (m)

13
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