Louis Poulsen

Brushed Steel Artichoke Pendant Lamp

Sustainable Design
Assignment 1

Nan Htet Htet Aye Mon

Student ID: 004ID020
Raffles University
Table of Contents

1. Product Background

2. Material Used

3. Materials Breakdown

4. Product Life Cycle

5. Materials Comparison

6. Sustainability Analysis and Suggestions

7. Conclusion
1. PRODUCT BACKGROUND
PH Artichoke Pendant Lamp

Stainless Steel Copper Black

Product Background

"The PH Artichoke lamp, an icon of Danish design, was created by Poul

Henningsen for Copenhagen Langelinie Pavilion. Designed to emit

glare-free light, it features 72 hand-mounted leaves that also conceal the

light source from all angles. Available in copper, steel, brass, white, and

black, and in four sizes, it's a timeless masterpiece that enhances any

space." (Louis Poulsen, 2017)

2. MATERIAL USED
Copper: It's known for its excellent conductivity
and is crucial in electrical applications. Its high
recyclability makes it a sustainable choice,
though its mining and processing are
energy-intensive and can have significant
environmental impacts.

Steel: While it has a higher environmental

footprint in production, its strength, versatility,
and recyclability make it a staple in
construction and manufacturing. Innovations
in steelmaking aim to reduce its carbon
footprint.
3. MATERIAL BREAKDOWN
 ● Non-ferrous metal
Copper
● Excellent thermal and electrical
conductivity

● Highly ductile and malleable

● Superb corrosion resistance

● Used in jewelry, electrical wiring,

plumbing

● Soft, ductile metal

 ● Mining: Obtained from minerals
Copper
like chalcopyrite, bornite,
Manufacturing chalcocite
● Smelting: Processed through
smelting
● Casting: Heated, melted, cast into
shapes
● Refining: Impurities include sulfur
and iron. Purified by
electrowinning or electrolytic
refining
● Final product: "anode copper"
Copper Manufacturing
Problem Statement of Copper

"The problem statement of copper includes two main concerns-

environmental impact and health and safety risks. Copper mining and

production lead to environmental degradation, including habitat loss,

water pollution, and high energy consumption. (Grambart, 2016)

Moreover, mining activities can pose significant threats to workers and

nearby communities, exposing them to hazardous substances and

resulting in various health risks." (Jain, 2023)

Solutions for Sustainability

Large-Scale Solutions: Implementing more efficient and less polluting

mining and processing techniques and improving waste management
practices.
Small-Scale Solutions: Encourage the use of recycled copper and
develop products designed for easier end-of-life recycling.
 ● Composition: Predominantly iron
Steel
with 0.002% to 2.1% carbon by
weight.
● Color and Durability: Metallic grey,
extremely durable, develops a
patina over time.
● Microstructure: Carbon bonds
with iron to create a strong lattice
structure.
● Properties: Enhanced tensile
strength and hardness, vital for
steel's utility.
 ● Iron Ore Mining: Extraction of iron.
Steel ● Coking: Coal into coke.
● Blast Furnace: Combining iron ore,
Manufacturing limestone, and coke.
● Basic Oxygen Steelmaking:
Purifying molten iron into steel using
oxygen.
● Electric Arc Furnace: Melting
recycled steel scrap with electric.
● Secondary Steelmaking: Adjusting
composition and temperature for
specific qualities.
● Continuous Casting
● Forming
Steel Manufacturing
Problem Statement of Steel

“Steel production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas

emissions and significantly impacts the environment, accounting for
about 11% of global carbon dioxide emissions. However, steel is
highly recyclable, with a global recycling rate of over 60%, and efforts
are being made to make steel production more sustainable. These
efforts include using renewable energy sources and recycling carbon
dioxide into steelmaking.” (Reliance Foundry, 2023)
Solutions for Sustainability

Large-Scale Solutions: Implementing carbon capture and storage and

using green hydrogen instead of coal to reduce iron ore are some of the
large-scale solutions proposed for making steel production more
environmentally friendly.
Small-Scale Solutions: Encouraging recycling and using steel scrap for
production can significantly reduce the environmental footprint on a
smaller scale.
4. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
5. MATERIALS COMPARISON
6. SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS & SUGGESTIONS
7. CONCLUSION
Conclusion

In conclusion, the Louis Poulsen Brushed Steel Artichoke Pendant Lamp is a timeless piece that

blends aesthetic appeal with functionality. However, its sustainability profile reveals areas for

improvement. The use of energy-intensive materials like steel and copper, along with the

environmental impact of production and distribution, contribute to its carbon footprint.

To enhance sustainability, adopting recycled materials, optimizing manufacturing processes for

energy and water use, and ensuring end-of-life recyclability are key. Packaging should be eco-friendly,

and the promotion of energy-efficient light bulbs can further reduce the lamp's environmental impact.

By addressing these factors, Louis Poulsen can maintain the lamp’s design excellence while

significantly improving its sustainability.

References
Grambart, R. M. (2016, September 26). How is Copper Made? | What Is Copper Made of? World CopperSmith. Retrieved January 16,

2024, from https://www.worldcoppersmith.com/articles/how-copper-is-made/

Green Spec. (n.d.). Copper production & environmental impact. GreenSpec. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/copper-production-environmental-impact/

Henningsen, P. (n.d.). Artichoke by Poul Henningsen | Get it online here. Lampemesteren.com. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://www.lampemesteren.com/ph-artichoke-populaere/

Jain, h. (2023, January 14). All About Copper: What It Is and How It's Made. ThePipingMart Blog. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://blog.thepipingmart.com/metals/all-about-copper-what-it-is-and-how-its-made/

Louis Poulsen. (n.d.). Steel. Louis Poulsen. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://www.louispoulsen.com/en/private/about-us/materials/steel

Louis Poulsen. (2017, November 9). Louis Poulsen. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://www.louispoulsen.com/en/catalog/private/pendants/ph-artichoke?v=90145-5741111978-01

Reliance Foundry. (2023, June 14). How is Steel Made? | Metal Casting Blog. Reliance Foundry. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from

https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/how-is-steel-made