Electric Bell

1. Introduction

An electric bell is a simple electromechanical device to produce sound signals, used in

various applications such as school bell, doorbell and emergency alarm bell. It design
typically consists DC motor, some wires, battery, switch, metal and metal striker. It was
designed as a simple circuit using voltage division. We additionally used potentiometer to
adjust the voltage flowing through the circuit. When switch is turned on, voltage from battery
was released to the circuit.

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2. Objectives
 To fully understand the principle of voltage division.
 To know the processes of building a circuit.
 To know how to build an electric bell with simple component.
 To know the basic of electric bell and hoe it work.

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3. Components List

Table 1 : Hardware Components

No. Type Quantity
1 DC Motor 1
2 9V Battery 1
3 Potentiometer 1
4 Switch 1

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4. Hardware Descriptions

4.1. DC Motor

A DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical
force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils.
Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.

Figure 1: DC Motor

Stator

As its name implies, the stator of a rotating electrical machine is the part which does
not move or remains stationary. Therefore, the stator is a static part of the machine. The
primary function of the stator of an electric machine is to provide housing to the stator
winding to produce magnetic field in the machine.

A typical stator consists of three major parts namely stator frame (or yoke), stator core
and stator winding. The stator frame protects the internal structure of the machine from the
mechanical damages. The stator core has slots on its inner periphery for placement of the
stator winding. The stator winding is basically an inductive coil of copper or aluminium
conductors which carries electric current to produce the working magnetic field in the
machine. The core of stator of an electric machine is usually made of laminations of high-
grade silicon steel.

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Rotor
The rotor is the rotating or moving part of an electric machine. A typical rotor of an
electric machine consists of three major parts namely rotor core, rotor shaft and rotor
winding. The rotor core is made from steel laminations stacked together. The rotor core has
slots cut on its outer periphery to carry the rotor winding. The rotor winding is made of
copper conductors either in the form of winding or in the form squirrel cage. The rotor
winding may be excited either by an external source of DC power or by the electromagnetic
induction due to stator’s magnetic field.

If the given electric machine is a motor, then a mechanical load is connected to shaft
of the rotor, and if the machine is a generator, then the shaft is rotated by a prime mover like
turbine, diesel engine, etc.

Figure 2: Rotor & Stator

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4.2. 9V Battery

A 9-volt battery is a small, rectangular battery commonly used in portable electronic

devices like smoke detectors, toys, and small gadgets. It typically consists of six cylindrical
cells connected in series, providing a total voltage of 9 volts. These batteries are popular due
to their compact size and versatility in powering various low-power electronic devices.

Figure 3: 9V Battery

4.3. Potentiometer

A potentiometer is a type of variable resistor that allows you to adjust the resistance
manually. It typically consists of a resistive element and a sliding contact, which can move
along the element, changing the resistance value. Potentiometers are commonly used in
various electronic devices to control things like volume, brightness, and speed.

Figure 4: Potentiometer

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4.4. Switch

A switch is a component that controls the openness or closedness of an electric circuit.

They allow control over the current flow in a circuit without having to actually get in there
and manually cut or splice the wires. Switches are critical components in any circuit that
requires user interaction or control. A switch can only exist in one of two states: open or
closed. In the off state, a switch looks like an open gap in the circuit. This, in effect, looks
like an open circuit, preventing the current from flowing. In the on state, a switch acts just
like a piece of perfectly conducting wire. This closes the circuit, turning the system "on" and
allowing current to flow unimpeded through the rest of the system.

Figure 5: Switch

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5. Background Theory

A straightforward circuit known as a voltage divider reduces a large voltage to a

smaller one. We can produce an output voltage that is only a small fraction of the input
voltage with just two series resistors and an input voltage. One of the most fundamental
electronic circuits is the voltage divider. This setup demonstrates how electromagnetism is
utilized to generate audible signals in an electric bell.

Potentiometers are variable resistors that can be used to make a voltage divider that
can be adjusted. Using voltage dividers, you can get different voltage levels from the same
supply voltage. This common supply can be a single positive or negative supply, such as
+5V, +12V, -5V, or -12V, and so on. in relation to a common point or ground, typically 0 V,
or in relation to a dual supply, such as 5 V or 12 V, etc.

Figure 6: Voltage Divider Circuit

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6. System Design and Implementation

6.1 System Design

Figure 7: Design of the electric bell

6.2 System Implementation

Step 1: Connect the 9V battery, potentiometer, and DC motor in parallel.

Step 2: Connect the Toggle switch (SPST) with positive terminal of the battery in series. The
other part of the switch connect to one side (positive)m of the DC motor.

Step 3: Connect the VCC pin of the potentiometer to the positive side of DC motor.

Step 4: Connect the negative terminal of the battery to both ground pin of potentiometer and
DC motor.

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Step 5: Connect the middle output pin of the potentiometer to one side of the switch which
has been already connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

Figure 8: Electric Bell Circuit

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 Figure 9: Electric bell Circuit On

7. Conclusion

An electric bell is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy and then
into sound energy. In this project, the battery provides electrical energy to the motor, the
motor start rotating and also the rod mounted on the motor gets rotated in a circular path.
When the rot hits the bronze cup, the kinetic energy is converted to sound energy. This device
can be found in real life such as in house as a calling bell and as an urgent single.

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8. References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

[2] https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/

[3] https://www.vedantu.com/physics/working-of-electric-bell

[4] https://testbook.com/physics/working-of-electric-bell

[5] https://www.thediscoverycentre.co.ke/how-does-an-electric-bell-work/

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