Name: Abdula Al Rafi

ID: 20116433013
Dept: CSE
Batch: 16th
Sub: Basic Electronics
 Assignment
Familiarization with the electrical and electronic equipment used in laboratory:

1. Oscilloscope: An oscilloscope informally known as a scope, for cathode ray oscilloscope or for the
more modern digital storage oscilloscope is a type of electronic test instrument that allows
observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more
signals as a function of time.

Figure 1: Oscilloscope

2. Signal generator: An electronic device or instrument that generates continuous and discrete
signals like analog and digital is known as a signal generator. These systems are mainly used for
testing, signal tracing, debugging, troubleshooting, amplifier response adjustment, etc. There is a
variety of signal generators available in the market where each type includes modulation and
amplitude property. So, the output of the signal generator can be changed through setting its
amplitude as well as frequency in the simulation process.

Figure 2: Signal Generator

3. Multimeter: A multimeter is a digital multi-function measuring instrument that can measure
voltage, resistance, current of a circuit. It also can check the integrity of the electrical circuit and
many radio components, such as transistors or diodes. There are two types of multimeter.
Analog Multimeter- Analog Multimeter continuous deflection of a pointer over a scale represents
the value of quantity being measured. Analog multimeters usually have adjustable resistors called
trimmer resistors that may be used to compensate for different conditions.

Figure 3(i): Analog Multimeter

Digital Multimeter: A digital multimeter measures AC/DC voltage, resistance and current in an
electric circuit. Digital Multimeter is an electronic multimeter with digital decimal display for
example LCD display.

Figure 3(ii): Digital Multimeter

4. Breadboard: Breadboard is a plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes and is used for building
and testing circuits. It has holes on them which are connected internally in a particular pattern A
breadboard is really useful for creating a temporary electronic circuit to test their properties and
behavior. There is no soldering necessary so it is very easy to change the circuits and other
components.

Figure 4: Breadboard

5. Resistor: A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. Resistance value is called Ohm(Ω). Resistor used to control current
or voltage to suit the specific needs of other electrical devices within the same circuit. Resistor
devices may
provide a fixed, variable, or adjustable value of resistance.

Figure 5: Resistor
6. Inductor: An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a
magnetic field. An inductor consists of a wire loop or coil. The inductance is directly proportional
to the number of turns in the coil. Inductance also depends on the radius of the coil and on the
type of material around which the coil is wound. Voltage across an inductor is zero when the
current is constant. An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc. The current through an inductor
cannot change instantaneously.

Figure 6: Inductor

7. Capacitor: A capacitor is a device that stores electric charge. Capacitor consists of two conductors
separated by an insulator. Electric potential energy is stored in a uniform electric field, generated
by the charge distribution on the two plates. When a capacitor is connected to a source of
potential difference the electrons are drawn to the terminal of the battery and flow to the other
plate, until equilibrium has been reached. capacitors are used to dissipate electric energy to run a
camera flash.

Figure 7: Capacitor
8. Ammeter: An ammeter is an instrument that measures electric current usually in units of amperes.
Both the magnitude of direct current and alternating current can be measured though with
ammeters of different types. The majority of ammeters are either connected in series with the circuit
carrying the current to be measured. Ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer. An ideal ammeter
has zero resistance. It is connected in series because the flow of current within the series circuit is the
same.

Figure 8: Ammeter

9. Voltmeter: The instrument which measures the voltage or potential difference in volts is known
as the voltmeter. It works on the principle that the torque is generated by the current which
induces because of measured voltage and this torque deflects the pointer of the instrument. The
voltmeter is always connected in parallel with the circuit.

Figure 9: Voltmeter
10. Wattmeter: Wattmeter is an instrument which is used to measure the power consumption of an
electric circuit or an appliance which is connected to the supply in terms of watt. Electromagnetic
wattmeter’s used for measurement of utility frequency and audio frequency power other types are
required for radio frequency measurements.

Figure 10: Wattmeter