Revision Notes

Class - 8 Maths
Chapter 10 - Visualising solid shapes
● There are three different kinds of shapes:
I. One-dimensional shapes: Shapes with only one dimension: length.
Consider the following example: a line.

II. Two-dimensional Shapes: Two-dimensional shapes have two

dimensions: length and breadth. A polygon, a triangle, a rectangle, and
so on are examples of shapes. Two-dimensional figures are sometimes
referred to as 2-D figures.

III. Three dimensional Shapes: Solid objects and shapes with length,
breadth, and height or depth are referred to as three-dimensional
shapes. Cubes, cylinders, cones, cuboids, spheres, and other geometric
shapes are examples.

IV. Faces: A three-dimensional figure's face is a flat surface.

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 V. Edges: An edge is a line segment that connects two faces of a solid.

● Polyhedron: A three-dimensional figure with polygonal faces.

● Prism: A polyhedron with congruent polygons on the bottom and top

faces (known as bases) and parallelograms on the lateral faces. The shape
is known as a right prism when the side faces are rectangles.

● Pyramid: A polyhedron with a polygon base and triangle lateral sides.

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 ● Vertex is a place on a graph where three or more edges intersect.
● Base: A polyhedron's base is the face on which it is named.
● F+V-E=2 is Euler's formula for any polyhedron, where F denotes the
number of faces, V the number of vertices, and E the number of edges.
● Object recognition in 2D and 3D.
● Differentiating between shapes in nested objects.
● Views of 3D objects vary depending on their position.
● Mapping: A map shows where one object or place is in relation to other
objects or places.

● Symbols are used to represent various objects and locations.

● In a map, there is no reference or viewpoint.
● Maps have a scale that is predetermined for each map.
● Convex: A line segment connecting any two points on a polyhedron's
surface lies wholly inside or on the polyhedron. Cube, cuboid,
tetrahedron, pyramid, prism, and so on.

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