Law Enforcement

Organization
and Administration
(Inter-Agency Approach)
Genzy P. Llorito, RCrim
Top 2 – October 2016
MS Criminology-On Going – Holy Trinity College-Gen. Santos City
BS Criminology-Magna Cum Laude – Sultan Kudarat State University-Tacurong City
 A group of trained personnel in the field
of public safety engaged in the promotion and
maintenance of peace and order, protection of
life property, enforcement of the laws and the
prevention of crimes.

a. Police Management
b. Police Organization
c. Police Administration
d. Police Personnel Management
Police/LAW ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION
- the process involved in ensuring strict
compliance, proper obedience of laws and related
statutes.
- focuses on the policing process or how law
enforcement agencies are organized and managed
in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement
most effectively, efficiently and productively
POLICE
- refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked to
maintain peace and order, enforce the law, protect lives
and properties and ensure public safety.
- a public official with an extraordinary power to make an
arrest and performing direct police functions.

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state
or government
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the
English language
 Organization vs. Management
 Organization when compared with management is like the
brain compared to the mind.
 Organization as the brain consists of tissue, cells, nerves and
blood vessels that can be examine.
 While management as the mind is the intangible product of
the brain activity consist of intelligence and understanding.
 Organization component of the Police can be seen and
measured while Management is the product of decision
making, planning and leadership that determines the quality
of police service, the extent of police cooperation and level of
professionalism.
POLICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
(Human Resources Management)

- may be defined as that area of management

concerned with human relations in the police
organization. As an overview, Police Personnel
Management uses planning, organizing, directing
and controlling of day-to-day activities involved
in procuring, developing and motivating them
and in coordinating their activities to achieve the
aims of the police.
Police Organization
 a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety
administration engaged in the achievement of goals and
objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and
order, protection of life and property, enforcement of the
laws and the prevention of crimes
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
 pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the
laws
ENFORCEMENT
 means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or
command
What type of police organization may
refer to the oldest type and also known as
“Military Organization”?

a. Line
b. Functional
c. Line and Staff
d. Auxiliary
Kinds of Organizational Structure:
1. Line
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military.
- defined by its clear chain of command from the
highest to the lowest and vice versa.
- involves few departments.
- depicts the line function of the organization.
2. Functional
- structure according to functions and specialized
units.
- depicts staff functions of the organization.
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who
are all accountable to the authority above.
3. Line and Staff
- a combination of the line and functional
kind.
- combines the flow of information from
the line structure with the staff
departments that service, advice and
support them.
- generally more formal in nature and has
many departments.
Classification of Line, Staff, and Auxiliary Functions:
• Line Functions- considered “backbone” of the police
department as they performed fundamental police works
like, patrol, criminal investigation, vice and traffic
control.

• Staff Functions- basically designed to a work or operates

to support the line functions, like, recruitment, selection,
promotion, training, and supervision, budget and the like.

• Auxiliary Functions-designed to operate to further

support the two functions, like jail in-charge, warrant
server, records keeper/custodian and the like.
Q
Functional group within a section; or the
smallest functional group within an
organization.

a. Unit
b. Section
c. Bureau
d. Division
e. Department
Functional Units:

1. Bureau- the largest organic functional

unit within a large department. It
comprises of numbers of divisions.

2. Division- A primary subdivision of a

bureau.
3. Section- Functional unit within a
division that is necessary for
specialization.

4. Unit- Functional group within a section;

or the smallest functional group within an
organization
Q
An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether
foot or motorized.

a. Beat
b. Post
c. Area
d. District
e. Sector
Territorial Units:
• Post- A fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office or an
intersection or cross walk from traffic duty.
• Route- A length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is
also called Line Beat.
Sector
- An area containing two or more beats,
routes, or posts.
Beat
- An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether
foot or motorized.
District
- A geographical subdivision of a
city for patrol purposes, usually with its
own station.

Area
- A section or territorial division of a
large city each comprised of designated
district
The principle which states that some members of the
police organization are tasked for the direct
accomplishment of the police objectives while the
others are assigned to support them refers to:

A. Function principle
B. Principle of unity of objectives
C. Line and staff principle
D. Principle of balance

The PNP is a Line and Staff in Organizational

principle.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF OBJECTIVE.
An organizational structure is effective
if it enables individuals to contribute to
the organization/unit objectives.

2. PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
EFFICIENCY. Organization is effective if
it employs minimum efforts but
maximum success
3. THE SCALAR PRINCIPLE. Prescribe the vertical
hierarchy of organizations. Shows the vertical
hierarchy of the organization which defines an
unbroken chain of units from top to bottom
describing explicitly the flow of authority

It has 2 conditions to achieve effective coordination:

a) UNITY OF COMMAND
b) SPAN OF CONTROL
UNITY OF COMMAND.
dictates that there should only be ONE MAN
commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution
of orders

SPAN OF CONTROL.
This relate to the NUMBER OF SUBORDINATES
a superior can effectively supervise.
4 characteristics of Span of Control are:
a) Managerial ability of superior;
b) Effectiveness of organizational comm. system.
c) Mngt. exercise over operation
d. Organizational philosophy over centralization and
decentralization.
4. FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE. Division of
labor is among the important principle of
police organization.

5. LINE & STAFF PRINCIPLE.

Organization must provide an orderly
arrangement of functions so that
objectives can be accomplished
effectively.
6. DIRECTORIAL STAFF PRINCIPLE
It prescribes directorial authority of the
directorate in the national and regional Hq’s
levels & other equivalent units.
7. PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE.
In every structure there is a need for
balance.

8. PRINCIPLE OF DELEGATION BY
RESULTS EXPECTED.
Authority delegated to all individual managers
should be adequate.
The Greek word which means “government of a city” or
“civil organization and state”, which is claimed as the
origin of the word police refers to:
A. Politia C. Policia
B. Politeia D. Polis

Polis = a Greek word which means “city-state” or a system

of organized civil enforcement to preserve life, liberty,
property, food sources, community health and the
enforcement of laws.
Police =, from Old French policie, civil organization, from
Late Latin politia, from Latin, the State, from Greek
politeia, from polites, citizen, from polis, city;)
Police – “Politeia” G, government of a city
“Politia” R, same meaning above
“Polizei” Gr, Safe keepers (territory)
“Police” F, persons to enforce law

**borrowed by the English and Americans

refers to LAW ENFORCER.
The idea of policing originated from military bodies as
guardians of peace in ancient Rome known as:
A. Praetorian guards C. Medjays
B. Soldati D. Polis

• MEDJAYS
- a form of police force(Egypt) whose duties include
guarding of the tombs and apprehending thieves.
- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors.
- they also invented the lock.
The Romans

Praetorian Guard
- Emperor Augustus
- which consisted of about 7000 men\soldiers to
protect the palace and the City of Rome
-the Emperors' personal guards

Roman Vigiles
- the first organized police force called VIGILES
OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the
city), which had the primary task of fire fighting and
policing.
This is a system of policing that emerged during the Anglo-
Saxon period. Under this system, all male residents were
required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect
the lives and properties of the people:
A. Tun policing C. Watch and Ward
B. Hue and cry D. Frankpledge system

Frankpledge System = a system of policing whereby a

group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years
of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace
and protect the lives and properties of the people.
Statute of Winchester = The law that introduced
the policing system of watch and ward

The system of Watch and Ward Act

- A watch was stationed between sunset and
sunrise at each gate of a walled town. It revived the
Hue and Cry. Some watches are grouped together
for protection and patrolled the town in “Marching
Watches.”
❑Anglo-Saxon (England: 849-899) -Time of King Alfred
** Tun Policing – Tun (Town); Frankpledge system -
10 male residents as guardians of the town known as
tythings (10 families).
** Hue and Cry – Complainant shouts for the
mandatory assembly of men to catch the culprit,
horn – oldest known warning device
** Royal Judge – investigates and punishes
** Trial by Ordeal – painful test of guilt/innocence
4. This system of apprehending suspects whereby the
complaint goes to the middle of the community and shout
to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the
suspect is known as:
A. Trial by ordeal C. Tun policing
B. Hue and cry D. Keeper’s of the peace

Keeper’s of the peace = is the proclamation issued by

king Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required
the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by
standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking
the people entering and leaving the cities and towns?
 The document sealed by King John of England
that became law upon the demand of the knights of the
round table which stated that no freeman shall be
imprisoned except by legal judgment, no person shall
be tried of murder unless there is proof of the body of
the of the victim and that there shall be a national and
local government and legislation refers to:

A. Magna Carta C. Statute of Winchester

B. Leges Henrici D. Statute of 1295
❑Normal Period of Policing
**Shire-Rieve – shire (district/country) rieve (ruler)
later called Sheriff– England was divided into 55
military districts under the control of a rieve.
**Travelling Judge – renders judgment and gives
punishment
** Leges Henri – Law of King Henri I – policemen
were considered public officials
** Magna Carta – laws with the demand of the
Knights of the Round Table – beginning of
national/local government and legislation
 The law enacted that classified offenses against the
King and the individuals, made policemen public official,
empowered the police and the citizens to conduct arrest and
assigned grand jury to inquire on the facts of the law refers
to:
A. Leges Henrici C. Statute of Winchester
B. Magna Carta D. Statute of 1295
Statute of 1295 = the law that mark the beginning of the
curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of
London during sundown. The law that introduced
warrantless or citizen’s arrest was:
 The policing system during the Norman
period which is claimed as the forerunner of the
word Sheriff, whereby England was divided into
fifty military districts, each headed by a ruler in
order to enhance policing was:

A. Frankpledge system C. Tun policing

B. Shire reeve system D. Magna Carta
 Who passed an act in 1663 that provided for the
employment of night watchmen or bellmen to be on
duty from sunset to sunrise?
A. King Henri I of England
B. King Charles II of England
C. King Richard I
D. King Hammurabi
The Charlies
- Near the middle of the 17th Century (1663), King
Charles passed an act which provided in London one thousand
Night Watchmen or bellmen to be on duty from sunset to
sunrise and they were called Charlies.
-Also referred to by the local citizens as “Shiver and
Shake” watch because they were often old and frail and would
run off if they saw any trouble, or heard a cry for help. They
carried long staves and dimly lit lanterns, and they called out
the hour and weather conditions. Some were not honest and
sometimes work for criminals as lookouts.
 The forerunner of the circuit trial judge
was:
A. Travelling judge
B. Justice of the peace
C. Courts of the Star-chamber
D. Grand jury
“Grand Jury” (a body of men) = 1215, a system which
make inquisition into the facts of a crime and eliminate
the Anglo-Saxon trial or “trial by ordeal system”.

Courts of the Star-Chamber (1487) = a special court

designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-
up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given
great powers such as the power to force testimony from
a defendant leading to a great abuse of power or
brutality on the part of the judges.
 The term that is used to call the group of
men organized by Hendy Fielding and named
by his brother John Fielding, tasked to catch
thieves was:
A. Praetorian guards
B. Bow Street Runners
C. Scotland yard
D. Royal Guard
Bow Street Runners
- organized in 1748, Henry Fielding
became the Chief Magistrate at Bow Street in
Middlesex, London.
- to run errands for the Bow Street Court.
Scotland Yard
-The Metropolitan Police
- created on In 1829,by virtue of
Metropolitan Police Act by Sir Robert Peel
- viewed by some historians as the first
organized uniformed police form.
 The one regarded as the Father of Modern
Policing System for contributing his brilliant concepts
in policing which are still being used to day and paving
the way for the creating of one of the most efficient
police organization in the world was “Bobbies= the
acclaimed first formally organized modern police force
”:

A. Henry Fielding C. Stephen Austin

B. Sir Robert Peel D. Allan Pinkerton

Stephen Austin = The Founder of the Texas Ranger,

also known as the “Father of Texas”
 This law established the first organized police force
in England?
a. Metropolital Police Law of 1829
b. Metropolitan Police Act of 1829
c. Metropolitan Police Act of 1839
d. Metropolitan Police Law of 1839

What is the name of the acclaimed first formally

organized modern police force in the world with its first
Commissioner Charles Rowan ?
A. Interpol C. Scotland Yard
B. New York Police District D. Texas rangers
In France
❑ 16th Century - Paris had two patrols: Citizen Night Guard; and the
Royal Guard for the king’s protection. The Guard motto that even
today is on the French police emblem “Vigilat ut Quiescant” - “
He watches that they may sleep”
They were also called GENDARMIE – slang for police officers
❑ 1791 - The position of “Officers de Paix” was formed
(origin of “Peace Officer”)
❑ The first French Police Officers - Sergent de Ville’ - servant of th
e city
United States of America
a) NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
- created in 1845 in New York, USA
- recognized as the first modern style police department in the
US
- the largest police force in the world
- modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London

b) BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT

- the oldest police department in the US
- the first night watch was established in Boston in 1636
- formally founded in May, 1854
 It is the theory of police service which maintains that
police officers are servants of higher authorities. This
theory prevails in the continental countries like France,
Italy and Spain.
A. Continental c. Modern police service
B. Old police service d. Home rule
.
Note:

Theory of law enforcement:

1. Home Rule Theory
- policemen are regarded as servants of the
community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the
express needs of the people.
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is
the preservation of public peace and security.

2. Continental Theory
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the
higher authorities.
- the people have no share or have little
participation with their duties nor connection with the police
organization.
Note:

Concept of Policing:
1. Old Concept
- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive
machinery.
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence
is the increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities
rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes.

2. Modern Concept
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system,
an organ of crime prevention.
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes.
- broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its
mission the welfare of the individual as well as that of the community in general.
 It is the principle of police service which states
that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the
number of arrest made.
A. Old police service
B. Modern police service
C. Deviance control
D. Home rule

Deviance Control = is the modern police function which

primarily involves the mission to reinforce community
values and laws. This was adopted by Germany, China and
Japan.
 Wag mong ikumpara ang past
mo sa present mo,
Kasi ang PAST MO iniwan ka,

Ang PRESENT MO iiwan ka

pa lang.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE (PNP)
Spanish Period
The police force was considered as
part of military system, directly
commanded by the colonial military
government.
Spanish Period…
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica
– organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the
regulations of the Department of State(Spanish
Government)
–considered as the mounted police or cavalry
– custodian of Tobacco monopoly
– years after, this kind of police organization discharged
the duties of a port, harbor and river police.
– later known as Cuerpo de Carabineros de
Seguridad Publica by Virtue of a Royal Decree on
December 20, 1842.
Spanish Period…
Guardrilleros/Cuardillo
– this was a body of rural police
– organized in each town and established
by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836
–5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants
of each province were to be enlisted in this
police organization for 3 years
Spanish Period…
Guardia Civil
– this was created on 12 February 1852
– partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops
of their work in policing towns
– it consisted of a body of Filipino policemen
organized originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of Luzon
under the Alcalde Mayor
American Period
The Americans established the United
States Philippine Commission headed by
General Howard Taft as its first governor-
general.

Insular Police Force

– November 30, 1890
– it was established during the FILIPINO-
American war upon the recommendation of the
Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.
American Period…

Insular Constabulary

–created by Virtue of ACT NO 175 – entitled

“An Act Providing for the Organization and
Government of an Insular Constabulary”,
enacted on July 18, 1901
American Period…

Manila Police Department (MPD)

- created by virtue of ACT NO 183 on July
31, 1901

CAPT GEORGE CURRY

- the first chief of police of the Manila Police
Department appointed on August 7, 1901
American Period…
Capt. Columbus Piatt
- the last American Chief of Police(COP) of the
Manila Police Department before World War II

Col. Antonio C. Torres

-first Filipino COP in 1935 when MPD became an
all Filipino Police organization
-declared Manila as Open City in 1941

*MPD was placed again under American control

during World War II
American Period…
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones
-a US Provost Marshal who was named MPD
Chief of Police just after the Manila Liberation.

Col. Lamberto T. Javalera

- First Filipino MPD Chief of Police appointed by
Pres. Roxas under the Republic government in
1946.(Philippine Independence from USA)
American Period…
Philippine COnstabulary
- Insular Constabulary was changed into
Philippine Constabulary, by virtue of Act 255
on October 3, 1901
- Mostly manned by Filipinos but officers were
mostly Americans

- Executive Order 389 – ordered that the

Philippine Constabulary be one of the four
services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines,
enacted on December 23, 1940
American Period…
Capt. Henry T. Allen
-first Chief of Philippine Constabulary from 1901-
1907
- Called as the Father of Philippine Constabulary

Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame

- First Filipino PC Chief of Police, served from
1917-1927.
Japanese Period
Kempeitai

- Military police force administered by the

Japanese War ministry during WWII.
- Specially trained in Interrogation methods
- Ruled urban areas until the return of McArthur
on February 7, 1945
Japanese Period…

Metropolitan Constabulary

- Under the Bureau of Constabulary

- Formerly known as Manila Police Department
(MPD)
After WWII
(After American Occupation)

RA 4864

- Known as POLICE ACT of 1966 (September 18,

1966)
- Created the Office of Commission (POLCOM)
known today as National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM)
Martial Law period
Proclamation 1081
- place the entire country under Martial Law

PD 421 (1974)
– integrated the city/municipal police force, the jail,
and fire departments within the greater Manila
area headed by the Commanding General, PC
Metropolitan Command(PC METROCOM)
Martial Law period…
Integrated National Police (INP)
- established by PD 765 – otherwise known as
the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August
8, 1975; composed of the Philippine Constabulary
(PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local police
forces as components, under the Ministry of
National Defense
- Headed by Chief/Director-General, Philippine
Constabulary /Integrated National Police (C/Dir.
Gen PC/INP)
Martial Law period…
Integrated National Police (INP)
- First C/Dir. Gen PC/INP is Fidel Valdez
Ramos

PD 765 - transferred the NAPOLCOM

from the Office of the President to the
Ministry of National Defense
Creation of PNP
RA 6975
– otherwise known as the Department of
the Interior and Local Government Act
of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990;
reorganized the DILG
–established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology and the
Philippine Public Safety College
P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO

- the first chief of the Philippine

National Police
Evolution of Policing in the Philippines (Diagram)

PC – Act. 225, Oct. 3, 1901

CSP – 1712

G – Royal Decree on January KEMPETAI – Jan. 2, 1942

8, 1836

CCSP – Dec. 20, 1842 POLCOM – R.A. 4864,

Sept. 8, 1966

GC – Feb. 12, 1852

PC INP – P.D. 765. August
8, 1975
MPF – Act No. 70, Jan. 9, 1901

DILG Act of 1990 – R.A.

IC – Act No. 175, July 18, 1901 6975, Dec. 13, 1990

PNP Reform and

MPD – Act. 183, July 31, 1901 Reorganization Act of 1998 –
R.A. 8551, Feb. 25, 1998
 Ranking System
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

(DG) Police General General

(DDG) Police Lt. General Lt General
(DIR) Police Maj General Maj General
(CSUPT) Police Brig.General Brig.Gen
(SR SUPT) Police Colonel Colonel
(SUPT) Police Lt Colonel Lt Colonel
(CINSP) Police Major Major
(SR INSP) Police Captain Captain
(INSP) Police Lt Lieutenant
 NCOs
(SPO IV) Police Executive Master Sergeant Master Sergeant
(SPO III) Police Chief Master Sergeant Tech. Sergeant
(SPO II) Police Senior Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant
(SPO I) Police Master Sergeant Sergeant
(PO III) Police Staff Sergeant Corporal
(PO II) Police Corporal Private 1st Class
(PO I) Patrolman/Patrolwoman Private

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are

classified above the Senior Police Officer IV/ Police Executive
Master Sergeant
Law that governs PNP as an
organization
RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine
National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of
1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law
amended certain provisions of RA 6975

RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975

and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and
adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12
August 2009
 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT (DILG)
- formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
- reorganized under RA 6975
ORGANIZATION:

a) the Department proper d) the National Police Commission

b) existing bureaus and offices
of the DILG
c) local government units
(LGU)
1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
e) the Philippine Public Safety
College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology
- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and
who shall serve at the pleasure of the President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and
three (3) Assistant Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
- No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be
appointed as
Secretary within one (1) year from date of retirement or
resignation
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National
Police Commission
 PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
EXECUTIVES IN THE
ADMINISTRATION OF PNP

OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION and CONTROL

- shall mean the power to direct, superintend
and oversee the day-to-day functions of police
investigation of crime, crime prevention
activities and traffic control
- shall also include the power to direct the
employment and deployment of units or
elements of the PNP
EMPLOYMENT
- refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for
purposes of protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order,
prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and
bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public safety,
particularly in the suppression of disorders, riots,
lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious conspiracy,
insurgency, subversion or other related activities

DEPLOYMENT
- shall mean the orderly and organized physical
movement of elements or units of the PNP within the
province, city or municipality for purposes of
employment
POWER OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
- he has the power to choose his PROVINCIAL
DIRECTOR from a list of three (3) eligibles
recommended by the PNP Regional Director

POWER OF THE CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYOR

- he has the power to choose his CHIEF OF
POLICE from a list of five (5) eligibles
recommended by the provincial police director
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

- an agency attached to the DILG for

policy coordination

- shall exercise administrative control

and operational supervision over the
PNP
COMPOSITION:

- consist of a Chairperson(EX Officio-

DILG Secretary), four (4) regular
Commissioners and the Chief of PNP
as ex officio member

- shall serve a term of office of six (6) years

without reappointment or extension
PPSC
- shall be the premier educational institution
for the training, human resource development
and continuing education of all personnel of
the PNP, BFP and BJMP

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION

- shall be under the direct supervision of a
Board of Trustees composed of the
Secretary of the DILG and the three (3)
bureau heads (PNP, BFP and BJMP)
Philippine National Police
- Organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by
RA 8551
- a law enforcement agency under the operational
control of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government and administrative supervision of the
National Police Commission
- headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Police
General, appointed by the President and who shall
serve a term of office of four (4) years
PNP…
NATIONAL IN SCOPE
- means that the PNP is a nationwide government
organization whose jurisdiction covers the entire
breadth of the Philippine archipelago
- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the
PNP are national government employees
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military,
although it retains some military attributes such as
discipline
NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT UNITS

1. Logistics Support Service (LSS) - responsible for

procurement, distribution and management of all the
logistical requirements of the PNP including firearms
and ammunitions.

2. Information Technology Management Service

(ITMS) – formulates and implements information
technology (IT) policies, plans and programs of the PNP.

3. Finance Service (FS)- responsible for disbursement

of all funds of the PNP and the accounting of the
same.
4. Health Service (HS) - responsible for providing medical
and dental services to the PNP personnel and their direct
dependents and other authorized civilians. Operates and
maintain PNP hospitals nationwide.

5. Communications and Electronic Service (COMMEL) –

operates, maintains and ensures coordination between and
among PNP units and offices in the acquisition, distribution
and operation of communications and electronics facilities.

6. Chaplain Service (CS) – provides spiritual and counseling

services for the moral growth of PNP personnel and their
dependents. This unit also conducts worship and religious
services, provides pastoral care and ministration, religious
and moral education, guidance and counseling and values
orientation.
7. Legal Service (LS) – serves as the PNP legal counsel as
well as represents the PNP in all criminal and civil actions
before the courts in coordination with the Office of
Solicitor General. It also serves as adjudicative unit in the
processing of claims for benefits of retires and separated
PNP personnel.

8. Headquarters Support Service (HSS) – provides

support for the security, management of traffic flows and
maintenance of the national headquarters.

9. Engineering Service (ES) – formulates policies, plans

and procedures in the management of engineering
services, land utilization and on-based/off-based housing
activities.
10.Training Service (TS) – provides career
and specialized training programs for PNP
personnel in order to upgrade their
professional knowledge and skills necessary
to cope with the challenges in public safety
and social defense.

11. Personnel and Retirement Benefits

Service (PRBS) – this is a newly formed
National Administrative Support Unit (please
refer to the organization chart).
The Operational Support Units

• The Maritime group (MG) performs all police

functions over Philippine Territorial waters and rivers;
• Intelligence Group (IG) serves as the intelligence and
counterintelligence operating unit of the PNP;
• Police Security and Protection Office (PSPO)
provides security to government officials, visiting
dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given
protection;
• Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG) undertakes the monitoring, investigation and
prosecution of all crimes involving economic sabotage,
and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to
indicate their commission by highly placed or
professional criminal syndicates and organizations;
• Special Action Force (SAF) functions as a
mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment
regional, provincial, municipal and city police
forces for civil disturbance control, internal security
operations, hostage-taking rescue operations and
other special police operations;
• Narcotics Group-presently called as Philippine drug
Enforcement Agency( now under the Office of the President.
• Aviation Security Group (ASG) is
responsible for the security of all airports
throughout the country;
• Traffic Management Group (TMG) enforces traffic
laws and regulations;
• Police Community Relations Group (PCRG)
implements the plans and programs that promote
community and citizen participation in the
maintenance of peace and order;
• Civil Security Group (CSG) regulates business
operations and activities of all organized private
detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and
company guard forces, it also supervises the licensing
and registration of firearms and explosives; and
• The Crime Laboratory (CRIMELAB)(now Forensic
Group) provides scientific and technical investigations
support to the PNP and other government investigative
agencies.
• Police Community Relations Group –implements PNP’s police
community relations programs and provides assistance to the regional,
provincial, district and city/municipal offices in their respective police
community relations activities. This unit also accredits volunteer NGO’s
supportive of PNP programs and relatedly assists, trains, organizes,
directs and supervises such NGO’s.

• Anti-Kidnapping Group – the PNP has dissolved the Police Anti-Crime

and Emergency Response Force (PACER) and replaced it with a new
anti-kidnapping group.

• Anti-Cybercrime Group – this newly created PNP National Operational

Support Unit was activated on March 20, 2013. It is the primary unit
responsible for the implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and
anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP and the national government. It
focuses on cybercrime offenses, computer-related offenses, and other
content-related offenses such as cybersex, child pornography,
unsolicited commercial communication, and other related offenses.
Police Regional Offices
- the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices
(PRO), each headed by a Regional Director:
➢ National Capital Region Police Office (NCRO)
➢ PRO 1 to PRO 13
➢ Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
➢ Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION POLICE OFFICE (NCRPO)

The National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) is one of the Police
Regional Offices of the PNP. The NCRPO is headed by an NCR Director with the
rank of (Police Director) Pol Maj Gen. The NCRPO is divided into five (5) District
Offices, each headed by a District Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent.

The five (5) district offices of the NCRPO are the following:

1. Manila Police District (MPD) - formerly known as Western Police District.

Located in the City of Manila. It is popularly known as the Manila’s Finest.
2. Eastern Police District (EPD) – covers Marikina, Pasig, San Juan and
Mandaluyong,
3. Northern Police District (NPD) – has jurisdiction over the cities of Caloocan,
Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela.
4. Central Police District (CPD) – formerly known as Quezon City Police District.
Located in Quezon City.
5. Southern Police District (SPD) – covers the cities of Pasay, Makati,
Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa, Taguig and Pateros.
Provincial Offices
- for every region, there are provincial offices,
each
headed by a Provincial Director
- in large provinces, police districts may be
established to be headed by a District Director
- at the city or municipal levels or stations, each
is headed by a Chief of Police
Police Personnel Management

is an art of preparing , organizing, and

directing the efforts of the members of the police
force in order that they may achieve the
accomplishments of the police purpose.
Includes:
Management Functions
P- Planning
O- Organizing
S - Staffing
D - Directing
C - Coordinating
R - Reporting
B - Budgeting
Personnel Management Vs. Personnel
Administration

Personnel Management
- Concerned with Human relations in Police
Organization
- Coordinating
- Human resources management
Personnel Administration
- Technique of organizing/handling people at work in all
level and types of management
- leading
 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
1. PLANNING. . .
- is the determination in advance how the objectives of
the organization will be attained.

*course of Action for future

anticipated problems
TYPES OF PLAN
1. POLICE/ PROCEDURAL PLAN- These are standard operating
procedures that guide members in the fields and routine
operations.
102
• 2. Tactical plan
• Procedures for coping with specific situations at known
locations, such as public meetings, athlectic events, parades,
religous celebrations and other street affairs.
• 3. Operational plan
This pertains to plans of divisions; they are prepared to
accomplish each of the primary police task such as:
• Patrol division
• Investigation division
• Traffic control division, etc

103
• 4. Extra- departamental plan
• It will assist in coodinating community effort,
in providing public support and in combating
organized crime.

5. Manageral plan
• It includes budget planning, accounting procedures
and specifications;
• A. Budget Planning
• B. Accounting Procedures
• C. Specifications and Purchasing Procedures
104
 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

4. STAFFING. . .
3.6.Controlling.
Directing.
1. Planning.
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REPORTING.
7.• BUDGETING.
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105
Theories of Management and Organization
CLASSICAL APPROACH
The three primary areas in the development of the classical approach are:
1. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor, 1856-1915)
Scientific Management sought to discover the best method of performing specific
task. Based on his studies, Taylor believed that if workers were taught the best
procedures, with pay tied to output, they would produce the maximum
amount of work.

2. Bureaucratic Management ((Max Weber, 1864-1920)

The concept of Bureaucracy is generally associated with the work of Max Weber,
who was the major contributor to modern sociology. He studied the effect of social
change in Europe at the end of the 19th Century and coined the term
BUREAUCRACY to identify the complex organizations that operated on a
rational basis.
- To lessen Nepotism, Cruelty aand Subjective Managerial Practices
3. Administrative Management - It emphasizes
broad administrative principles applicable to higher
levels within the organization.

Henri Fayol (1841-1945) – in his most influential

work “Industrial and General Management”, 14
principles of efficient management was identified.
▪ Division of Work - work specialization can
increase efficiency with the same amount of effort.
▪ Authority and Responsibility – authority
includes the right to command and the power to
require obedience; one cannot have authority
without responsibility.
▪ Discipline – Discipline is necessary for an
organization to function effectively, however, the
state of the disciplinary process depends upon the
quality of its leaders.
▪ Unity of Command - employee should receive
orders from one superior only.
▪ Unity of Direction – there should be one
manager and one plan for a group of activities that
have the same objective.
▪ Subordination of individual interest to
general interest – the interest of one employee or
group of employees should not take precedence
over those of the organization as a whole.
▪ Remuneration of Personnel – compensation should
be fair to both the employee and the employer.
▪ Centralization – the proper amount of centralization
depends on the situation. The objective is to pursue the
optimum utilization of the capabilities of personnel
▪ Scalar Chain – the hierarchy of authority is the order of
ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the
organization. Besides this vertical communication should
also be encourage as long as the managers is in the chain
are kept informed.
▪ Order – materials and human resources should be in
the right place at the right time; individuals should be in
jobs or position that suits them.
▪ Equity – employees should be treated with
kindness and justice
▪ Stability of personnel tenure - an employee
needs time to adjust to a new job and reach a
point of satisfactory performance; high turnover
should be avoided.
▪ Initiative – the ability to conceive and execute
a plan (through initiative and freedom) should be
encouraged and developed throughout all levels
of the organization.
▪ Espirit de Corps –“union” Unity is strength;
Harmony
HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH

1. Elton Mayo (the Hawthorne study)

The results of Hawthorne experiment contradicted the
traditional views of management emphasized by the
classical theorists and led to the behavioral approach
emphasizing concern for the workers. The study
suggests that when special attention is paid to
employees by management, productivity is likely to
increase regardless of changes in working conditions.
This phenomenon was labeled the “Hawthorne effect”.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH
In order to be classified as behavioral science, a field
must:
▪ Deal with human behavior
▪ Study its subject matter in a scientific manner

The behavioral science approach utilizes scientific method

as the foundation for testing and developing theories
about human behavior in organizations that can be used
to guide and develop managerial policies and practices.

Contributors to this approach are:

1. Abraham Maslow (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
theory) - 1940’s – see discussion on Motivation Theories
2. D. McGregor (McGregor’s Theory X and Y)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory
He suggested basic classes of needs, or motives, influencing
human behavior. These motives are organized in a hierarchy.

The pyramidal structures of human needs from the bottom to the top of
the hierarchy, the levels of needs or motive according to Maslow, are:
▪ Biological or Physiological Needs – these motives include the need
for food, water, oxygen, activity, and sleep.
▪ Safety Needs – these pertain to the motives of being cared for and
being secured such as in income and place to live.
▪ Love/Belongingness – Belongingness is integration into various kinds
of social groups or social organizations. Love needs means need for
affection.
▪ Cognitive Needs – our motivation for learning and exploration
▪ Esteem Needs – our motivation for an honest, fundamental respect for
a person as a useful and honorable human being.
▪ Aesthetic Needs - our motivation for beauty and order
▪ Self- actualization – pertains to human total satisfaction, when people
are motivated not so much by unmet needs, as by the desire to become
all they are capable of (self-realization).
D. McGregor (McGregor’s Theory X and Y)

Theory X assumes that people have little

ambition, dislike work, and must be coerced in
order to perform satisfactorily.

Theory Y assumes that people do not

inherently dislike work and if properly
rewarded, especially satisfying esteem and
self-actualization needs, will perform well on
the job.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACH
This is the movement towards quality management.
Theorists have incorporated the influences of the
behavioral science and other earlier school of
thoughts.
1. The System Theory - It simply means that all
parts of a system are interrelated and
interdependent to form the whole. A system is
composed of elements or subsystems that are
related and dependent upon one another. When
these subsystems are in interaction with one
another, they form a unitary whole.
2. The Contingency Theory
– This approach recognizes that many internal and
external environmental variables affect organizational
behavior. In this case, there is no best way for structuring
and managing diverse types of organizations. So the
underlying theme of this theory is that it all depends on a
particular situation. The task of managers then is to
determine in which situations and at what times certain
methods or techniques are the most effective. In this way,
the approach is more pragmatic although it encompasses
relevant concepts of both classical and behavioral
theories.
3. Theory Z and Quality Management
- Important emerging perspectives include Theory
Z and Quality Management, focused on the
Japanese management practices. The
emergence of Total Quality Management (TQM)
practices – a customer oriented approach and
emphasizes on both human resources and
quantitative methods in an attempt to strive
towards continuous improvement.
Police Motivation Approach
1. Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Needs

2. Aldefer’s ERG Theory

Clayton Aldefer has developed the ERG theory which is a
modification of the Maslow’s theory. ERG theory
categorizes needs into Existence, Relatedness and Growth
needs.
According to Aldefer:
▪ Existence Needs – are desires for physiological and
material well-being
▪ Relatedness Needs – are desires for satisfying
interpersonal relationships
▪ Growth Needs – are desires for continued personal
growth and development.
3. McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

David McClelland identified three types of

acquired needs. These are:
▪ Need for Achievement – the desire to do
something better or more efficiently, to solve
problems, or to master complex task.
▪ Need for Affiliation – the desire to establish
and maintain friendly and warm relations with
others
▪ Need for Power – the desire to control
others, to influence their behavior, or to be
responsible for others.
History Accounts. . .

Sir Robert Peel, considered as the

“Father Of Modern Policing” devised the
traditional pyramid of authority and organizational
hierarchy based from that of the military, often
called the Paramilitary Model of the Metropolitan
Police of London.
 Policy Makers and
Top Management Administrators

Middle Management Executives

First Level Supervisors Division Chiefs

Second Level Supervisors Section Chiefs

Rank and File Ordinary Personnel

Basic forms of Coordination:

1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
 Kardo wants total obedience from his
subordinates thus he assumes all accountability
for he is the sole person that gives orders and
commands among them. What leadership does
Kardo showing?

a. Participatory
b. Free-rein
c. Autocratic
d. democratic
 LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Autocratic (authoritarian) leadership
This style is used when leaders tell their men that they
want it accomplished, without getting advise of their follower.
-the superior officer assumes full accountability and
seeks total obedience from his subordinates.

Democratic Leadership
The supervisor draws ideas and suggestions from his
group by means of discussion and and consultation.

123
• Free-rein Leadership
In this style the leader allows his men to make
decisions. He assumes minimum control but
provides materials, instructions and information to
his subordinates.

Partipatory Leadership
-allows officers to influence decisions affecting
them and seeks to form cohesive team.

124
History Accounts. . .

August Vollmer

often referred to as the “Father Of

Professional Policing” was the primary
advocate for requiring higher education for
those entering the law enforcement service.
During his first year as the President of the
Philippines, His Excellency Rodrigo Duterte made it
his goal to increase the salary of all PNP members
by at least 40% more. The PNP organization
considered it as another way to attract more
potential candidates for selection for the service,
and technically this is part of___________.

a. Selection process
b. Appointment process
c. Recruitment process
d. Propaganda
Operative function of police
personnel
Police personnel planning
Police Recruitment
Police selection
Police training and
development
Police appraisal
Police compensation
Operative Functions of Police Personnel
1. Police Personnel Planning
– is a study of the labor supply of jobs, which are composed with
the demands for employees in an organization to determine future personnel
requirements, which either increase or decrease. If there is an expected
shortage of personnel the organization may decide to train and develop present
employees and/or recruit from outside sources.

2. Police Recruitment
- is the process of encouraging police applicant from outside an
organization to seek employment in an organization. The process of
recruitment consists of developing a recruitment plan, recruitment strategy
formulation job applicants search, screening of qualified applicants, and
maintaining a waiting list of qualified applicants.
3. Police Selections (screening)
- is the process of determining the
most qualified police applicant for a given
position in the police organization.

4. Police Placement
- is the process of making police
officers adjusted and knowledgeable in a
new job and or working environment.
5. Police Training and Development
– refers to any method used to improve the
attitude, knowledge, and skill or behavior pattern
of an employee for adequate performance of a given
job. It is a day-to-day, year round task. All police
officers on a new position undergo a learning process
given a formal training or not. Learning is made easier
for officers when the organization provides formal
training and development. It reduces unnecessary
waste of time, materials, man-hours and equipment.
6. Police Appraisal or Performance Rating
- performance rating is the evaluation of the
traits, behavior and effectiveness of a police officer on
the job as determined by work standards. It is judgmental
if it is made a tool in decision-making for promotion,
transfer, pay increase, termination or disciplinary actions
against police officers. It is developmental in purpose
when the evaluation is used to facilitate officer’s
improvement in performance or used to improve
recruitment, selection, training and development of
personnel
7. Police Compensation
- Financial compensation in the form of wages of
salaries constitutes the largest single expenditure for
most organizations. In Metropolitan Manila and other
urban centers, wages of salaries represent the sole source
to meet the basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. It
also provides the means to attain that standard of living
and economic security that vary in degrees upon a
person’s expectations.
 Police recruitment

Phases:

1. Selection
2. Investigation
3. Testing
4. Appointment
POLICE APPOINTMENT

1. Temporary – if the applicant passes through the waiver

program as provided in under R.A 8551.

2. Permanent – if the applicant able to finish the required

field training program for permanency.

Basic Recruit Training – the most basic of all police training.

It is a prerequisite for permanency of appointment.
 General Qualification

"a) A citizen of the Philippines;

"b) A person of good moral conduct;

"c) Must have passed the psychiatric/ psychological, drug

and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose
of determining physical and mental health;

"d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a

recognized institution of learning;
 General Qualification
"e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by
the Commission;

"f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from

military employment or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the Government;

"g) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an

offense or crime involving moral turpitude;

"h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters

(1.62 m.) in height for male and one meter and fifty-seven
centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;
 General Qualification
"i) Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.)
from the standard weight corresponding to his or her height,
age, and sex; and

"j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one

(21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age: except for the
last qualification, the above-enumerated qualifications shall
be continuing in character and an absence of any one of
them at any given time shall be a ground for separation or
retirement from the service:
Provided, That PNP members who are already in the
service upon the effectivity of this Act shall be given at least
two (2) more years to obtain the minimum educational
qualification and one (1) year to satisfy the weight
requirement.
Screening Procedure

• a. Preliminary Interview/Screening
– A point system shall be applied in the assessment
and evaluation of the measurable qualification standards
possessed by an individual applicant. The applicant shall be
interviewed personally by the Screening Committee.
 Minimum Pts Maximum Pts
Educational 21 pts 30 pts
Eligibility 21 pts 30 pts
Physical
Agility Test 10.5 pts 15 pts
Final Interview 16-25 pts 68.5-100 pts

Additional Points are given for those with Masteral, LLB

units, graduates with honors and with multiple
eligibilities (maximum 30 points)
• b. Physical Agility Test

The Screening Committee shall require the

applicant to undergo a physical agility test
designed to determine whether or not he
possesses the required coordination, strength
and speed of movement necessary for service,
as follows:
Physical Agility Test
• 7 Pull ups (3 pts each) ------------------------21 pts

• 25 or 2 min Push ups--------------------------20 pts

(0.5 pt each) Men
(1.0 pt each) Women
• 36/ 2 min Sit ups -----------------------------21 pts
(0.5 pt each) Men
(1.0 pt each) Women
 PHYSICAL AGILITY TEST

• 100 Meter Runs (Sprint)

Men Women
13.0 sec or less - 20 pts 19 seconds - 20 pts
13 seconds + - 18 pts 19 seconds + - 18 pts
14 seconds + - 16 pts 20 seconds + - 16 pts
15 seconds + - 14 pts 21 seconds + - 14 pts
16 seconds + - 12 pts 22 seconds + - 12 pts
17 seconds & up - 10 pts 23 seconds up - 10 pts
 PHYSICAL AGILITY TEST

• 1000 Meter Runs

Men
3’25” and below - 18 pts
3’26” – 3’46” - 16 pts
3’47” – 4’07” - 14 pts
4’08” – 4’28” - 12 pts
4’29” and up - 10 pts
Women
4’25” below - 18 pts
4’26” – 4’46” - 16 pts
4’47” – 5’07” - 14 pts
5’08” – 5’28” - 12 pts
5’29” and up - 10 pts
 PHYSICAL AGILITY TEST

Physical
• 1000 Meter Agility
Runs Test:

Maximum MenTotal - 100 pts Women

3’25” and below - 18 pts
Passing Score:
3’26” – 3’46” - 16 pts
- 75 pts
3’47” – 4’07” - 14 pts
4’08” – 4’28” - 12 pts
4’29” and up - 10 pts
4’25” below - 18 pts
4’26” – 4’46” - 16 pts
4’47” – 5’07” - 14 pts
5’08” – 5’28” - 12 pts
5’29” and up - 10 pts
• c. Psychological and/or Neuro Psychiatric Test
– To exclude applicants who may be suffering
from any mental disorder, the applicant shall
take a psychological and/or neuro-psychiatric
test to be administered by the PNP, or any duly
recognized institution and meet all the
requirements mentioned above.
• d. Character and Background Investigation –
The Screening Committee shall cause an
intensive investigation to be conducted on the
character and background of the applicant
with the view of determining his character
reputation and possible involvement in any
questionable or criminal activities as well as
his propensity toward violence or use of force.
• e. Physical and Medical Examination –
In order to determine whether or not the
applicant is in good health, free from any
contagious diseases, a physical and medical
examination must be conducted by the
city/municipal health officer or PNP medical
officer after he/she qualified for preliminary
interview.
Medical Standards for Police Candidates

1. General Appearance
2. Nose, Mouth and Teeth
3. Genitals
4. Varicose Veins
5. Arms, Legs, Hands and Feet
6. Eyes
7. Respiration
8. Circulation
Blood Pressure – systolic maximum 135;
diastolic 90; pulse pressure 15 to 50.
9. Kidneys
• f. Final interview –
The Screening Committee shall interview
the qualified applicant for suitability for police
work. The interview shall aid in determining
likeableness, affability, attitude towards work,
outside interest, forcefulness, conversational
ability, disagreeable mannerism, etc.
g. Oath-Taking
– After the final deliberation and through
selection among the qualified applicants,
the successful applications shall take their
oath of Office.
Who shall appoint Police Executive
Master Sergeant Tristan Mago to a next
higher rank?

A.C/PNP
B.President
C.PNP Regional Director
D.Commission on Appointment
Appointment in the PNP shall be effected in the
following manner:

A. (Patrolman to Police Executive Master Sargent)–

appointed by the PNP Regional Director for regional
personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for National
Head Quarter’s personnel and attested by the Civil
Service Commission (CSC)

B. (Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel)–

appointed by the Chief PNP as recommended by
their immediate superiors and attested by the Civil
Service Commission (CSC).
C. (Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General)–
Appointed by the President upon the recommendation
of the Chief PNP with the endorsement of the Civil
Service Commission (CSC) and with confirmation by the
Commission on Appointment (CA).

D. (Police General)– appointed by the President from

among the most senior officers down to the rank of
Chief Superintendent in the service subject to the
confirmation of the Commission on Appointment (CA).
 Ranking System
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

(DG) Police General General

(DDG) Police Lt. General Lt General
(DIR) Police Maj General Maj General
(CSUPT) Police Brig.General Brig.Gen
(SR SUPT) Police Colonel Colonel
(SUPT) Police Lt Colonel Lt Colonel
(CINSP) Police Major Major
(SR INSP) Police Captain Captain
(INSP) Police Lt Lieutenant
 NCOs
(SPO IV) Police Executive Master Sergeant Master Sergeant
(SPO III) Police Chief Master Sergeant Tech. Sergeant
(SPO II) Police Senior Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant
(SPO I) Police Master Sergeant Sergeant
(PO III) Police Staff Sergeant Corporal
(PO II) Police Corporal Private 1st Class
(PO I) Patrolman/Patrolwoman Private

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are

classified above the Senior Police Officer IV/ Police Executive
Master Sergeant
Under our recent policy on lateral entry, who are those persons
added in the highly technical qualifications and appointed as
police Inspectors?

1. Psychiatrist
2. Psychologist
3. Imam
4. Information Technologist
5. Dentist
6. Pilot

a. 2, 4 and 6
b. 1,3 and 5
c. 1,2, 4 and 5
d. 1,2, 3 and 6
Appointment by Lateral Entry (RA 8551-Old)

In general, all original appointments of Commissioned

Officers (CO) in the PNP shall commenced with the rank of
inspector to include those with highly technical qualifications
applying for the PNP technical services, such as dentist,
optometrist, nurses, engineers, and graduates of
forensic sciences. Doctors of Medicine, members of the Bar
and Chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of Senior
Inspector in their particular technical services. Graduates of
the PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of
Inspector. Licensed Criminologist may be appointed to the
rank of Inspector to fill up any vacancy.
New policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLOCM M.C 2008-006)
a). A person with highly technical qualifications such as:
1). Dentist
2). Optometrist
3). Nurse
4) Engineer
5). Graduate of Forensic Science
6). Doctor of Medicine
7). Member of the Philippine Bar
8). Chaplain
9). Information Technologist
10). Pilot
11). Psychologist
b). Graduate of PNPA
c). Licensed Criminologist
The PNP is accepting applicants which did not
meet the upgraded general qualification provided
that the applicants are below the minimum annual
quota. If you are a member of cultural Minority.
Most probably you would use ?

a. Age waiver
b.Educational Waiver
c. Height waiver
d.Weight Waiver
 RA 9708- an act extending for 5 years the
reglamentary period for complying with the
minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the
promotion system thereof, amending for
the purpose pertinent provisions of RA
6975 and RA 8551.
 Police Promotion
Regular promotion

Special promotion

Promotion by virtue of
position
POLICE PROMOTION
- is a system of increasing the rank of a member of the police
service.

Preferences for Promotion

1. Appropriate Eligibility - Whenever two or more persons who are
next in rank, preference shall be given to the person who is the most
competent and qualified and who has the appropriate eligibility.
2. Competency and Vacancy - When competency, qualification,
and eligibility are equal, preference shall be given to the qualified
member in the organizational unit where the vacancy occurs.
3. Seniority - When all the foregoing conditions have been taken
into account, and still the members in the next rank have the same
merit and qualification, preference shall be given to the most senior
officer.
Kinds of Police Promotion
1. Regular Promotion
- Quota allocated promotion wherein a candidate
must satisfy all the mandatory requirements fixed for a
certain grade.

2. Promotion by Virtue of Exhibited Acts (Special

Promotion)
-Any uniformed member of the PNP, who has
exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the
risk of his or her life above and beyond the call of duty,
shall be promoted to the next higher rank. Provided, that
such act shall be validated by the NAPOLCOM based on
established criteria.
3. Promotion by Virtue of Position

Any PNP member designated to any key position whose

rank is lower than that which is required for such position
shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same, be
entitled to a promotion, subject to the availability of
vacant positions. Provided, that the member shall not be
reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after
two (2) years from the date of such promotion. Provided,
further, that any member designated to the position who
does not possess the established minimum qualifications
thereof shall occupy the same for not more than six (6)
months without extension.
 Mandatory requirements
Bases for Promotion:

Merit – used as criterion for determining that an individual is

qualified to meet the requirement of a higher-level job

Seniority – refers to the length of service that an employee

has accumulated.

Time-in-Grade – amount of time that a uniformed personnel

must spend in a grade before they eligible for promotion.

Training/Schooling

Eligibility/Promotional Exam
 Mandatory requirements
Time in grade
• 2 years- PCOL to PBGEN
• 3 years – PLTCOL to PCOL
• 3 years- PMAJ to PLTCOL
• 3 years- PCPT to PMAJ
• 3 years- PLt to PCPT
• 3 years- PEMS to PLT
• 2 years- PCMS to PEMS
• 2 years- PSMS to PCMS
• 2 years- PMSg to PSMS
• 3years- PSSg to PMSg
• 2 years- PCpl to PSSg
• 2 years- Patrolman to PCpl
Training required for permanency for a
Police Major.
a. OSEC
b. POAC
c. Officer’s Basic Course
d. Officer’s Candidate Course
Types of Police Training Programs
The following are the training programs in
the police service:

Basic Recruit Training

Field Training
In-Service Training programs
Department In-service training programs
National and International Conventions
on Policing
 In service training
PSBRC-(Patrolman/Patrolwoman)
Technical or Special Courses- (Police Corporal to
Police Staff Sergeant)
Junior Leadership Training- (Police Master
Sergeant)
Senior Leadership Training- (Police Sr. Master
Sergeant to Police Exec. Master Sergeant)

Officers Candidate Course(OCC)- (Police Lt)

Officers Basic Course- (Police Capt)

 In service training
Officers Advance Course-(Police Major)

Officer Senior Education Course- (Police Lt Colonel to

Police Brigadier Gen)
MNSA/ related Masteral Degree- (Police Major Gen
to Police Gen)
 Mandatory requirements
Promotional examination
A uniformed member of the PNP shall not be eligible for
promotion to a higher position or rank unless he or she has
successfully passed the corresponding promotional examination
given by the Commission, or the Bar, or the corresponding board
examinations for technical services and other professions, has
satisfactorily completed the appropriate and accredited course in
the PNPA or equivalent training institutions, and has satisfactorily
passed the required psychiatric/psychological and drug tests. In
addition, no uniformed member of the PNP shall be eligible for
promotion during the pendency of his or her administrative
and/or criminal case or unless he or she has been cleared by the
People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), and the Office of the
Ombudsman of any complaints proffered against him or her, if
any.
 Mandatory requirements

Exemption in Promotional examination

• RA 1080- Bar Passers

• RA 6506/ RA 11131- Licensed Criminologist
• PD 907- Honor Graduates

• Note! Except for the Chief, PNP, No PNP member who has less
than 1 year of service before reaching the compulsory retirement
age shall be promoted to a higher rank or any position.
 Attrition
by attainment of maximum tenure

By relief
By demotion in position or rank

By non-promotion

By other means
ATTRITION SYSTEM – a reduction of personnel. Downsizing of
personnel strength

Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position

- unless they shall have already reached the compulsory
retirement age of fifty-six (56), in which case the compulsory
retirement age shall prevail. Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP
member who has less than one (1) year of service before reaching the
compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or
appointed to any other position.

Attrition by Relief
PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just cause
and has not been given assignment within 2 years after such relief shall
be SEPARATED OR RETIRED.
Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank
-A PNP personnel who is relieved and
assigned to a position lower than what is
established for his or her grade and who shall not
be assigned to a position commensurate to his or
her grade within 18 months after such demotion
shall be SEPARATED OR RETIRED.

Attrition by Non-Promotion
Any PNP personnel who have not been
promoted for a continuous period of 10 years
shall be SEPARATED of RETIRED
Attrition by Other Means
Any PNP member or officer with at least 5 years
of accumulated service shall be SEPARATED based on
any of the following: Inefficiency based on poor
performance during the last two (2) successive annual
rating periods, Inefficiency based on poor performance
for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods.
Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police
functions and duties, or Failure to pass the required
entrance examination twice and/or (failure) finish the
required career course except for justifiable reasons.
 Retirement
Compulsory

Optional

Total Permanent Physical

Disability
 Early Retirement Program

2 ranks higher
10 years service

Not scheduled for attrition

No pending criminal case

 Benefits
Longevity pay
Retirements

Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the

base pay and longevity pay(10%) of the retired grade in
case of twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by
two and one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active
service rendered beyond twenty (20) years to a
maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years
of active service and over
 Benefits
Permanent Physical Disability
An officer or non-officer who is permanently and totally
disabled as a result of injuries suffered or sickness
contracted in the performance of his duty as duly certified by
the National Police Commission, upon finding and
certification by the appropriate medical officer, that the
extent of the disability or sickness renders such member
unfit or unable to further perform the duties of his position,
shall be entitled to one year's salary and to lifetime
pension equivalent to eighty percent (80%) of his last
salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under
existing laws.
 Common Provision
Incentives and awards
Health and welfare

Longevity pay and allowances

Permanent physical disability

 Common Provision
Death and disability pay

Exemption from attachment and taxes

Missing in action

Finding of death and termination of salary

and allowances
 It refers to any complaint initiated by a
private citizen or his duly authorized
representative on account of injury, damage, or
disturbance sustained due to an irregular or
illegal act committed by a member of the PNP.

a. Breech of Internal Discipline

b. Minor offense
c. Citizen’s Complaint
d. Any of These
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES
• Neglect of duty or nonfeasance- the omission
or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to
perform an act or duty, which it was the peace
officer’s legal obligation to perform

• Irregularities in the performance of duty

(misfeasance)-improper performance of some
act which might be lawfully be done.
184
• Misconduct or malfeasance- is the doing,
either through ignorance, inattention or
malice, of which the officer had no legal right
at all to do at all, as where he acts without any
authority whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores or
abuses his power.

185
• Incompetence- manifest lack of adequate
ability and fitness for the satisfactory
performance of police officer.

• Oppression-cruelty,severity, unlawful exaction,

domination, or excessive use of authority.

• Dishonesty-the concealment or distortion of

truth
186
• Disloyalty to the government- abandonement
or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the govt, or
advocating the overthrow of the govt

• Violation of law-conviction in court of any

crime or offense penalized by the rpc or any
special law or ordinance.
187
MINOR OFFENSE
- shall refer to an act or omission not involving
moral turpitude but affecting the internal discipline
of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited to:
-simple misconduct or negligence
-insubordination
-frequent absences or tardiness
-habitual drunkenness
-gambling prohibited by law
If the offense is punishable for a period of
not exceeding 30 days but not less than 16
days, the citizen’s complaint against
erring PNP Member shall be filed at
the____.

a.Office of the Chief of Police

b.Mayor’s Office
c. PLEB
d.C/PNP
• Chief of police- offense is punishable by
withholding of privileges, restriction to
specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of
salary or any combination thereof, for a period
of not exceeding 15 days.

• Mayors-for a period not less than 16 days but

not exceeding 30 days
190
• People’s law enforcement board (PLEB)- for a
period exceeding 30 days or dismissal.

• Chief of police- may impose summarily

administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand, restriction to specified limits,etc ,
provided that in all cases, the total period
shall not exceed 15 days.

191
 INTERNAL DISCIPLINE
• Provincial director- total period shall not exceed
30 days.

• Police regional director- total period shall not

exceed 60 days.

• The chief PNP– for a period not exceeding 180

days. He has the authority to place police
personnel under restrictive custody during the
pendency of the grave admin case filed. 192
SUMMARY DISMISSAL POWERS
- the NAPOLCOM, PNP Chief and Regional
Directors have summary dismissal powers in
any of the following cases:
1) when the charge is serious and the
evidence of guilt is strong
2) when the respondent is a recidivist or has
been repeatedly charged and there are
reasonable grounds to believe that he is guilty
of the charges
3) when the respondent is guilty of a serious
offense
 It is the central receiving entity
for any citizen’s complaint against the
police officers.

a.IAS
b.PLEB
c.PNP
d.NAPOLCOM
The body within the PNP organization
tasked to take charge on investigation
of complaints filed against a PNP
member is the:

A. IAS
B. PLEB
C. NAB
D. RAB
ORGANIZATION OF IAS
- headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a
CIVILIAN and appointed by the President upon
the recommendation of the Director General
(Chief, PNP)
- the Inspector General shall be assisted by a
Deputy Inspector General
- there shall be national, regional and provincial
offices
- the national office shall be headed by the
Inspector General, the regional offices by a
Director, and the provincial offices by a
Superintendent
Decisions rendered by the IAS national shall
be appealed to the_______________.

a. Regional Appellate Board

b. PLEB
c. C/PNP
d. NOT
Maximum period of suspension from
service given by the chief PNP when it
comes to internal discipline.

a.30 days
b.60 days
c. 90 days
d.180 days
This rank is represented by one star insignia.

a. Police BGen
b.Police Col
c. Police Maj
d. Police Lt
 Ranking System
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

(DG) Police General General

(DDG) Police Lt. General Lt General
(DIR) Police Maj General Maj General
(CSUPT) Police Brig.General Brig.Gen
(SR SUPT) Police Colonel Colonel
(SUPT) Police Lt Colonel Lt Colonel
(CINSP) Police Major Major
(SR INSP) Police Captain Captain
(INSP) Police Lt Lieutenant
 NCOs
(SPO IV) Police Executive Master Sergeant Master Sergeant
(SPO III) Police Chief Master Sergeant Tech. Sergeant
(SPO II) Police Senior Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant
(SPO I) Police Master Sergeant Sergeant
(PO III) Police Staff Sergeant Corporal
(PO II) Police Corporal Private 1st Class
(PO I) Patrolman/Patrolwoman Private

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are

classified above the Senior Police Officer IV/ Police Executive
Master Sergeant