Circuits and Electronics

Lecture 4
Instructor: Sajid Hussain
What are we looking for..?
• Node Voltage
𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐
• Branch currents. 𝒊𝟕𝜴 =
𝟕

V1 V2
Nodal Analysis
• Nodal Analysis is a circuit solving technique based on KCL.
• From algebra we know that if we have 3 unknowns and 3
equations then we can calculate the values of unknowns.
• In an electric circuit for each added node there is an added
variable. By applying KCL to the node we can get an additional
equation.
• In nodal analysis we take branch currents in terms of node
voltages and solve the equations to find all node voltages.
Nodal Analysis
• Steps: 1 V1 V2 2

• Select reference node.

• Label each node.
• Label node voltages
• Reference node is taken as 0 V. 0

• Write KCL Equation for each node.

• Describe currents in terms of node voltages in the equations.
• Solve the equations simultaneously to find the node voltages.
Example
• Use nodal analysis to find all node voltages.
• KCL @ 1,2 and 3
1 2 3
𝑣3 −𝑣1 𝑣 −𝑣
+ 2 1=3
2 1
𝑣3 −𝑣2 𝑣 −𝑣 𝑣
= 2 1+ 2
4 1 3
𝑣 −𝑣 𝑣 −𝑣 𝑣
7= 3 1+ 3 2+ 3
2 4 5
• We have three equations and three unknowns. Simplifying gives us:
−3𝑣1 + 2𝑣2 + 𝑣3 = 6
−12𝑣1 + 19𝑣2 − 3𝑣3 = 0
−10𝑣1 − 5𝑣2 + 19𝑣3 = 140
Practice
• Exercise Chapter 4: Problem 08 – 17.

Reading Assignment.
• Chapter 3.
• Topic 4.1: Nodal Analysis
Thank You.