EEE1001 – ELECTRICAL Abhishek Joshi

School of EEE,
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS VIT Bhopal
L4 – CIRCUIT ANALYSIS METHODS
Analysis methods
NODAL ANALYSIS
• Procedure for analyzing circuits using
node voltages as the circuit variables
•Choosing node voltages instead of
element voltages as circuit variables is
convenient and reduces the number of
equations one must solve
simultaneously
NODAL ANALYSIS
• In nodal analysis, we are interested in finding the node voltages.
• Circuit with n nodes without voltage sources, the nodal analysis
of involves taking the following 3 steps:
1. Select a node as the reference node, assign respective voltages
to remaining (n-1) nodes wrt reference node
2. Apply KCL to each of to each of (n-1) nodes. Ohm’s law, I to V
3. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations
NODAL ANALYSIS – STEP 1
• Select a node as the reference or datum node
• Reference node also called Ground node (Zero Potential)
• Symbols:
NODAL ANALYSIS – STEP 1
• Assign voltage designations to non-reference nodes

• Node 0 = Reference (Ground) node

• Nodes 1,2 = Non-reference nodes
• Node 1 = v1 volts
• Node 1 = v1 v Node 2 = v2 volts
NODAL ANALYSIS – STEP 2
• Apply KCL to each nonreference • Current flows from a higher
node potential to a lower potential in a
resistor

• KCL at Node 1:
I1 = I2+ i1 + i2
• KCL at Node 2:
I2 + i2 = i3
i1 = (v1 – ground) / R1 = v1 / R1
i3 = (v2 – ground) / R3 = v2 / R3

i2 = (v1 – v2) / R2

Substituting i1, i2 and i3 values in KCL

• KCL at Node 1: I1 = I2+ i1 + i2
• KCL at Node 2: I2 + i2 = i3

• I1 = I2 + v1 / R1 + (v1 – v2) / R2
• I2 + (v1 – v2) / R2 = v2 / R3
NODAL ANALYSIS – STEP 3
•Solving simultaneous equations
• (I1, I2 given)

• I1 = I2 + v1 / R1 + (v1 – v2) / R2
• I2 + (v1 – v2) / R2 = v2 / R3
PROBLEM
Calculate node voltages
PROBLEM
Calculate node voltages
PROBLEM
Calculate node voltages
PROBLEM
Calculate node voltages
PROBLEM
Find i1, i2, i3, i4
PROBLEM
Find i1, i2, i3, i4
PROBLEM
Find node voltages
PROBLEM
Find node voltages
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
NODAL ANALYSIS – WITH VOLTAGE
SOURCE
• Case – 1
Voltage source is connected between
the reference node and a non-
reference node
NODAL ANALYSIS – WITH VOLTAGE
SOURCE
• Case – 2
Voltage source is connected between
the two non-reference nodes
NODAL ANALYSIS – WITH VOLTAGE
SOURCE
NODAL ANALYSIS – WITH VOLTAGE
SOURCE
NODAL ANALYSIS – WITH VOLTAGE
SOURCE
PROBLEM
Find v and I
PROBLEM
Find v and I
PROBLEM
Find v and I
MESH ANALYSIS
Analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit variables
MESH ANALYSIS
Steps to find out mesh currents:
1. Assign unique mesh current to individual mesh
2. Apply KVL to each mesh
3. Solve simultaneous equations
MESH ANALYSIS
Analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit variables
MESH ANALYSIS
Analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit variables
PROBLEM
Find i1 and i2
PROBLEM
Find i1 and i2