MAPEH REVIEWER

I. Music

Classical Era (1750-1820)

> also called “Age of Reason”
> dominated by aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced arts
> "classical" denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and
Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified
> harmony and texture is homophonic in general

Vocal and instrumental Music:

Sonata
> multi-movement work for solo instrument
> came from the word "Sonare" which means to make a sound
> applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin

3 movements in a Sonata:
1st Movement: Allegro - fast movement
2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional
3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo

most important form distinct section during the classical era:

1. Exposition
> the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme

2. Development
> the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed

3. Recapitulation
> repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition

Concerto
> a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra

three movements in a concerto:

1st Movement: Fast - Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the
soloist
2nd Movement: Slow - Has more ornamentation than the First movement
3rd Movement: Fast - Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the
symphony and usually a short cadenza is used
Symphony
> multi-movement work for orchestra
> derived from the word "Sinfonia" which literally means "a harmonious sounding together"

four movements in a symphony:

1st Movement: Fast - Sonata-allegro form
2nd Movement: Slow - gentle, lyrical - typical ABA form or theme and variation
3rd Movement: Medium/Fast - uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo)
4th Movement: Fast - typically, Rondo or Sonata form

Opera
> a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting

2 distinct styles:
1. Opera Seria (serious opera)
> usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was
inherited from the Baroque period
.
2. Opera Buffa (comic opera)
> made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues,
lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire

Composers of the Classical Period:

Franz Joseph Haydn

> one of the most prominent composers of the classical period
> his life is described as a "rags-to-riches" story
> he was named, "Father of the Symphony"

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

> a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history
> he experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works
> composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as "The Marriage of Figaro",
"Don Giovanni", and "The Magic Flute" which became popular

Ludwig Van Beethoven

> the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era
> a talented pianist and composer
> He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance
> His works include: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral)
II. Arts

Renaissance Period (1400-1600)

> began in the late 14th century
> "renaissance" comes from the word, "renaitre", which means, "rebirth"
> the greatest cathedral building of the age was the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome

Architecture
> type of artwork from the Renaissance period which was characterized by its symmetry and
balance

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)

> Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet
> considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he was considered as
one of the greatest artists of all time.

famous works:
– David
– Pieta
– Bacchus
– Moses
– Dying Slave
– Dawn and Dusk

Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452-1519)

> painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician
> popularized in present times through the novel and movie, "Da Vinci Code."
> known as the ultimate "Renaissance man" because of his intellect, interest, talent and his
expression of humanist and classical values
> widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely
talented person to have ever lived

famous works:
Monalisa
– most famous and most imitated portrait

Last Supper
– most reproduced religious painting of all time

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)

> Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance period
> his main contributions to art were his unique draftsmanship and compositional skills
famous works:
– The Sistine Madonna
– The School of Athens
– The Transfiguration (Raphael's last painting)
– Disputation of the Holy Sacrament

Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386-1466)

> one of the Italian great artists of the period
> an early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence

famous works:
– David ( first known free-standing nude statue produced)
– Statue of St. George
– Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata
– Prophet Habacuc
– The Feast of Herod
– Penitent Magdalene

Baroque Period (1600-1800)

> “Baroque” was derived from the Portuguese word "barocco" which means "irregularly shaped
pearl or stone
> Baroque developed in Europe around the 1600s

Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571- 1610)

> better known as Caravaggio
> Italian artist who wanted to deviate from the classical masters of the Renaissance

famous paintings:
– Supper at Emmaus
– Conversion of St. Paul
– Entombment of Christ

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

> Italian artist and the first Baroque artist
> practiced architecture, and sculpture, painting, stage design, and was also a playwright
> the greatest Baroque sculptor and architect as seen in his design of the Piazza San Pietro

famous works:
– Ecstasy of St. Teresa (his greatest achievement)
– Colonade of the Piazza of St. Peter's Rome
– The Goat Amalthea w/ the Infant Jupiter and a Faun
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)
> flemish Baroque painter
> well known for his paintings of mythical and figurative subjects, landscapes, portraits, and
Counter-Reformation altarpieces

famous works:
– Samson and Delilah
– Landscape with a Tower
– The Three Graces

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)

> brilliant Dutch realist, painter and etcher
> generally considered as one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art
> well-known work was his "Self portrait in Old Age"

Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)

> developed out of the Baroque
> one of the finest masters of composition and one of the most important painters of the
Spanish Golden Age
> worked out solutions to pictorial problems of design that transcend the style of any period

famous works:
– The Surrender of Breda
– Las Meninas (The maids of honour)
– Los Barachos (The Drinker)
– Maria Theresa

III. P.E

Social Dances
> intended primarily to get to know other people in attendance to a certain social function
> also called ballroom dances

Dance Etiquette
> set of guidelines that help you navigate the social dimensions of dancing

Classification of Social Dances:

1. Latin American Dances

> distinguish themselves by the costumes worn by performers
> somewhat revealing, tight-fitting, sexy yet sophisticated in nature
> also distinguished by the nature of the movements
> freer and can be performed in close or open hold
Latin-american Dances:
– Salsa – Rumba
– Mambo – Samba
– Meringue – Five
– Swing – Boogie
– Cha-cha-cha – Paso Doble

2. Modern Standard Dances

> wear formal, ankle length gowns for females and coat-and-tie for males
> movements in these are restricted to close ballroom position with partner

Modern-Standard Dances:
– Slow Waltz
– Tango
– Viennese Waltz
– Foxtrot
– Quickstep

Dance Mixers
> social dances which allow group of performers to change partners periodically while dancing
to allow chance to get to know other members of the performing group

Cha-cha-cha Basic Step:

Weight Transfer R – Bw, L – Bw 1,2

(Rockstep)

R Chasse Fw R - Fw, L - C to R, R - Fw 1 and 2

L Chasse Bw L - Bw, B-C to L, L - Bw 1 and 2

Spot turn Same with alemana turn 1, 2

Waltz Basic Step:

L - close change (Forward) L-Fw (with the heel), R-Sw (with the toes), 1, 2, 3
L-C to R (with the toes of both feet
together and down)

R close change (Backward) Bw (with the heel), L-Sw (with the toes), 1, 2, 3
R-C to L (with the toes of both feet
together and down)

3 - step turn R-Sw, R-C to L (Pivoting halfway R), R- in 1, 2, 3

place (Pivoting R half way R), L-Sw, R-C 1, 2, 3
to L, L in place
IV. Health

A. assessing emergency situation B. First Aid: Drowning

1. Is anyone in danger? 1. Lay the person down on his/her back

2. Move to the victim quietest guest
3. Open the airway
4. Check for breathing
5. Look for signs of circulations
2. Check breathing and open the airway
3. Give rescue breaths and chest compression
4. If the person is breathing, place him/her in the
recovery position
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothing

Armed Forces of the Philippines' Narcotics Command

> According to them, ages 15 to 29 year are commonly hooked to drugs

International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)

> According to them the Philippines is listed as one of the countries in Southeast Asia where
drug trafficking is growing in numbers

Shabu, Marijuana, Inhalants

– most common types of drugs in the Philippines

Common concept in drug education:

Drugs
> chemical substance that changes physical, emotional, or behavioral state of the person
> used to alter, sustain, or control the recipient's physical, mental and emotional state

Drug Abuse
> the use of a substance for non-medicinal purposes
> leads to organ damage like brain damage, and liver damage, addiction and troubled
behavioral patterns

Drugs of Abuse
> drugs commonly abused by users

Drug Tolerance
> condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus requiring an even
larger amount of the substance

Drug Dependence
> cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in which the
use of a drug takes on high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substances
Classifications of Drugs:

1. Gateway Drugs
> drugs that a non-drug user might try which can lead him or her to more dangerous drugs

2. Depressants
> also known as "downers", it slows down a person's central nervous system
> It relaxes muscles and nerves

3. Stimulants
> also known as "uppers" or "speeders", it speeds up a person's central nervous system

4. Narcotics
> also known as "painkillers", it relieves pain and induce sleepiness

5. Hallucinogens
> drugs which distorts reality and facts
> affects all senses and makes a user see, hear and feel things that don't exist and are not real
> long term use may cause Psychosis – mental disorder in which reality is twisted

6. Inhalants
> found in ordinary household chemical products which are huffed or sniffed
> continuous use and abuse leads to delusion, brain damage, liver damage, coma and death