UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ)

A. VOCABULARY
1. archaeology (n) /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/: khảo cổ học
2. become a reality (v) /bɪˈkʌm ə riˈæliti/: trở thành hiện thực
3. benefit (n, v) /ˈbenɪfɪt/: lợi ích, hưởng lợi
4. cure (v) /kjʊə/: chữa khỏi
5. discover (v) /dɪˈskʌvə/: phát hiện ra
6. enormous (adj) /ɪˈnɔːməs/: to lớn
7. explore (v) /ɪkˈsplɔː/: khám phá, nghiên cứu
8. field (n) /fiːld/: lĩnh vực
9. improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/: nâng cao, cải thiện
10. invent (v) /ɪnˈvent/: phát minh ra
11. light bulb (n) /laɪt bʌlb/: bóng đèn
12. oversleep (v) /ˌəʊvəˈsliːp/: ngủ quên
13. patent (n, v) /ˈpætnt/: bằng sáng chế, được cấp bằng sáng chế
14. precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/: chính xác
15. quality (n) /ˈkwɒləti/: chất lượng
16. role (n) /rəʊl/: vai trò
17. science (n) /ˈsaɪəns/: khoa học
18. scientific (adj) /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/: thuộc khoa học
19. solve (v) /sɒlv/: giải quyết
20. steam engine (n) /stiːm ˈendʒɪn/: đầu máy hơi nước
21. support (n, v) /səˈpɔːt/: ủng hộ
22. technique (n) /tekˈniːk/: thủ thuật, kĩ thuật
23. technical (adj) /ˈteknɪkl/
24. technology (n) /tekˈnɒlədʒi/: kĩ thuật, công nghệ
25. technological (adj) /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/: thuộc công nghệ, kĩ thuật
26. transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/: thay đổi, biến đổi
27. underground (adj, adv) /ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/: dưới lòng đất, ngầm
28. yield (n) /jiːld/: sản lượng

B. GRAMMAR.
I. ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE TESES)
Thì Cấu trúc
Tương lai đơn (+) S + will + V(infinitve) + O
(-) S + won’t+ V(infinitve) + O
(?) Will + S + V(infinitve) + O ?
Tương lai tiếp diễn (+) S + will + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + won’t + be + V-ing + O
(+) Will + S +be + V-ing + O ?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
tomorrow
next week/month/year
in the future
in + thời gian trong tương lai
At this time tomorrow/next
week
At 10 o’clock tomorrow
Thời gian xác định tại một
thời điểm trong tương lai

II. CÂU GIÁN TIẾP (REPORTED SPEECH)

1. Định nghĩa.
 Định nghĩa Ví dụ
- Câu trực tiếp (Direct Speech) là chính xác - They said, “We will visit her”. (Direct
lời của ai đó. Chúng ta thường dùng dấu “ ” Speech)
để trích dẫn lời nói trực tiếp. →They said (that) they would visit her.
- Câu tường thuật (hay còn gọi là câu gián (Reported Speech/ Indirect Speech)
tiếp) là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp do một
người khác phát biểu.
2. Câu trần thuật gián tiếp (Reported Statement)
Khi muốn thay đổi một câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang 1 câu trần thuật gián tiếp, chúng ta dùng động từ
‘say/tell’ để giới thiệu. Đồng thời cần áp dụng các quy tắc sau:
a. Thay đổi thì của động từ.
* Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại (say/tell) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp giữ nguyên thì trong câu
trực tiếp.
Ví dụ: “ I always drink coffee in the morning”, she says
→ She says that she always drinks coffee in the morning.
* Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said/told) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp cần thay đổi như sau:
Thì trong lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong lời nói gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn.
“I like sciences” He said (that) he liked sciences
Hiện tại tiếp diễn →Quá khứ tiếp diễn
“I am staying for a few days” She said (that) she was staying for a few
days.
Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành
“Nick has left” She said (that) Nick had left
Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành
“Nick left this morning” She told me (that) Nick had left that morning
Quá khứ tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá khứ hoàn
thành tiếp diễn
“I was doing my homework” She said (that) she was doing her
homework /She had been doing her
homework
Will →Would
“Man will travel to Mars” He said (that) man would travel to Mars.
Can → Could
“We can swim” They told us (that) they could swim.
May →Might
“We may live on the moon” He said (that) they might live on the moon.
b. Đổi ngôi của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sở hữu.
Trong lời nói trực tiếp Trong lời nói gián tiếp
I → he/she
We → they
You → I/he/she
My → his/her
Our → their
Your → my/his/her
Mine → his/hers
Ours → theirs
c. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn.
Trạng từ trong câu trực tiếp Trạng từ trong câu gián tiếp
Now →then
Today →that day
Here →there
this week →that week
tomorrow →the following day/the next day
yesterday →the day before/the previous day
last month →the month before/the previous month
Tonight →that night
Ago →before
next week →the following week/the week after
These →those
 UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - G8.1
I. Which word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others?
1. A. wharf B. place C. volcano D. plane
2. A. fisherman B. ticket C. prisoner D. over
3. A. hotel B. postcard C. shore D. cold
4. A. included B. called C. phoned D. arrived
5. A. much B. teacher C. beach D. brochure
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose main stress is places differently from
the rest.
1. A. unpolluted B. unbalance C. unreasonable D. unlawful
2. A. imbalance B. immortal C. impolite D. important
3. A. impolite B. impossible C. uncommon D. unhappy
4. A. adorable B. ability C. impossible D. entertainment
5. A. engineer B. cooperate C. difficult D. different
III. Write the opposite of these words, using un- or im-, and then read the words aloud.
1. attractive ____________________ 2. polite _______________________
3. practical ______________________ 4. natural ______________________
5. lucky _______________________ 6. pleasant _____________________
7. necessary _____________________ 8. polluted ______________________
IV. Use the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences.
1. Some types of computer games can be _________________. (educate)
2. Smartphone can vary from day to day due to new _____________ by different companies in the
word. (invent)
3. The _________________ of a nuclear power plant costs a lot of money. (construct)
4. Space _______________ brings a bout many benefits to science. (explore)
5. Life is become easy and __________________ through science and technology. (comfort)
6. Nuclear waste is _______________ for both human and the environment. (harm)
7. Robots are being used in both manufacturing and the field.(industry-
medicine)
V. Viết lại cụm từ gạch chân trong mỗi câu dưới đây ở dạng thì tương lai đơn (will + V) hoặc thì
tương lai tiếp diễn (will be + V-ing) sao cho phù hợp.
1. Don’t call me at 10 o’clock. I am going to fly to Spain.
2. I suppose we are going to stay at a hotel next summer.
3. Come to see me in the afternoon. I work in the garden.
4. Do you think it is snowing at the weekend?
5. Is the coat O.K ?- Yes, I am taking it.
6. This time on Sunday we are going to ski in France.
7. I don’t know if I will stay here. Perhaps I move to a big city one day.
8. Every student is using a computer in the future.
VI. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I’m that next year this city (look)_________________ much better.
2. They (have to) _________________ change their diet if they want to keep fit.
3. I (not do) _________________that if he doesn’t apologize to me.
4. I can’t go out with you, but I (make) _________________ it up to you.
5. At 10 p.m I (go) _________________ to bed to get some rest.
6. I (not do) _________________anything till Monday.
7. You can visit me tomorrow. I (not do) _________________ anything important.
8. Can I borrow your car? Sure, I (not use) _________________ it until Friday.
9. At 11 p.m I (sleep) _________________ .
10. You should recognize her easily. She (wear) _________________ a red skirt.
11. I wish I could visit you, but I (manage) _________________ a very important project.
12. She (not come) _________________ with us, I’m sure.
13. I (help) _________________ you as soon as I finish this project.
14. He (not be able) _________________ to carry such a heavy bag.
15. I think he (find) _________________ this work more interesting when he grows up.
16. This time next month I (enjoy) _________________ the holidays.
17. Hold on, I (give) _________________ you a gift.
18. He (give) _________________ me 20$ a day during my stay.
19. I suppose the weather (be) _________________ good.
20. We (leave) _________________ this house as soon as possible.
VII. Fill in the table:
Rule
Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
(QTắc)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es)
(Thì hiện tại đơn)
Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving)
(Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Present perfect (have/ has+VpII)
(Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
Past simple (Ved)
(Thì quá khứ đơn)
1. Verbs Past progressive (was/ were +Ving)
(Động từ) (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Past perfect (had + VpII)
(Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
Future simple (will +V)
(Thì tương lai đơn)
Near future (is/ am/ are +going to+V)
(Thì tương lai gần/dự định)
2. Modal
Will
verbs
Can
(Động từ
May
khuyết
Must
thiếu)
3. Adverb This
of place
These
(Trạng từ
chỉ nơi
Here
chốn)
Now
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
4. Adverb
Tomorrow
of time
(Trạng từ The day after tomorrow
chỉ thời
Ago
gian)
This week
Last week
Last night
Next week

Choose the correct tenses given in column A with suitable tenses in column B to make sure when
you turn into reported speech.
(Direct speech) (Indirect speech/ reported speech)

Direct speech Indirect speech

1. Present simple a. would
2. Present continuous b. might
3. Past simple c. past simple
4. Present perfect d. had to
5. Can e. past perfect
6. May f. could
7. Must g. past continuous
8. Will h. past perfect

VIII. Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

There the following day two hours before my the previous week
then the day before that evening that night that Her
1. “I like this pair of shoes”. →She said (that) she liked____________ pair of shoes.
2. “Our plane lands tonight”→ They said their plane landed ____________
3. “I saw Jane yesterday”→ He told me that she had seen Jane____________
4. “I have met your father”→ Dan told me that he had met ____________ father
5. “I am going to the cinema this evening”→ Sara told me that she was going to the cinema
____________
6. “Paul took his driving licence last week”→ Paul told me he had taken his driving licence
____________
7. “This girl is my sister”→ She said to me that that girl was ____________sister.
8. “I like the way they cook here”→ Tina said that she liked the way they cooked____________
9. “She won’t arrive tomorrow”→ Sandra said that she wouldn’t arrive ____________
10. “Henry phoned Lara two hours ago”→ Henry told me that Lara had phoned ____________
11. “I am watching TV now”→ Mum said that she was watching TV ____________
IX. Command/ Request:
1. The teacher said to Tim: “Come into my office, please.”
....................................................................................................................................................
2. The mother said to them: “Don’t make so noise.”
....................................................................................................................................................
3. The traffic policeman said: “Show me your driving, licence, please.”
....................................................................................................................................................
4. Mrs. Jackson said to Alice: “Could you give me a hand, please.”
....................................................................................................................................................
5. The lifeguard said: “Don’t swim too far, boys.”
....................................................................................................................................................
6. Nam said to the taxi driver: “Please turn left at the first traffic light.”
....................................................................................................................................................
7. She said to her son: “Go straight upstairs and get to bed.”
....................................................................................................................................................
8. The police said: “Don’t touch anything in the room.”
....................................................................................................................................................
X. Statement:
1. Lan said: “I will be very busy tomorrow.”
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Thu said, “All the students will have a meeting next week.”
....................................................................................................................................................
3. Tam said: “I can swim across this river.”
....................................................................................................................................................
4. His sister said: “I don’t buy this book.”
....................................................................................................................................................
5. The boys said: “We have to try our best to win the match.”
....................................................................................................................................................
6. Her father said to her: “You can go to the movie with your friends.”
....................................................................................................................................................
7. Her classmate said: “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class.
....................................................................................................................................................
8. The teacher said: “The Sun rises in the East.
....................................................................................................................................................
XI. Write the reported sentence. Begin with the words given.
1. “ Turn on the light, please, Nam ”, Ba said.
→ Ba………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. “ Turn off the radio, Ba”, Nam said.
→ Nam……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. “ Close the door, Tom ”, Tep said.
→ Tep………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “ Shut your mouth up, children ”, he said.
→ He……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. “ Give me your name, boy ”, Lan said.
→ Lan……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. “ Put your chair away, Hung ”, Lan said.
→ Lan………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “ Stop crying, boy”, Maria said.
→ Maria…………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. “ Keep your hand clean, children”, she said.
→ She……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. “ Try your best to study, son”, Mrs Hoa said.
→ Mrs Hoa…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. “ Give your sister this book, Tom”, John said.
→ John………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. “ Don’t cry, boy”, she said.
→ She……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. “ Don’t make noise in the class” our teacher asked
→ Our teacher………………………………………………………………………………………
13. “ Don’t write on the wall, girls ”, the woman said.
→ The woman………………………………………………………………………………………
14. “ Don’t be so lazy, son ” , Mrs Mo said.
→ Mrs Mo…………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. “Don’t talk in the class, children”, the teacher said.
→ The teacher………………………………………………………………………………………
16. “Don’t eat in the class”, our teacher said.
→ Our teacher………………………………………………………………………………………
17. “Don’t help her”, he said to me.
→ He………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. “Don’t watch TV so much, Nam”, Mr Lam said.
→ Mr Lam………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. “Don’t play games so much, boys”, The teacher said.
→ The teacher………………………………………………………………………………………
20. “Don’t use my bike, son”, Mo said.
→ Mo……………………………………………………………………………………………….
XII. Write the reported sentence. Begin with the words given.
1. “I am a doctor” Ba said.
→ Ba………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “I am a teacher” Huong said.
→ Huong……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “I often get up at 6” Mo said.
→ Mo……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. “I always go to the market with my mother” Tom said.
→ Tom………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “I don’t often do my homework in the morning” said Tim.
→ Tim……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. “I am reading book now”, Huong said.
→ Huong …………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. “I will buy a new book tomorrow ” Mo said.
→ Mo ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. “I can play soccer now ” Huong said.
→ Huong……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “I have to do my housework now ” Mo said.
→ Mo ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. “I must finish this work today ” Maria said.
→ Maria……………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. “I have just written to Mo” Lan said.
→ Lan……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. “I was watching TV at this time yesterday ” Hung said.
→ Hung……………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. “I ought to do my homework now” Lan said.
→ Lan……………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. “My mother’s just bought me a book” Mo said.
→ Mo………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. “ You have to come back home before 10” She said to me.
→ She……………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. “I like rose ” Mo said.
→ Mo………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. John: "Mandy is at home."
→ John said that _______________________________________________________________.
18. Max: "Frank often reads a book."
→ Max told me that____________________________________________________________.
19. Susan: “I’m watching TV”
→ Susan said to me that _________________________________________________________.
20. Simon: “David was ill.”
→ Simon said that______________________________________________________________.
21. Peggy: “The girls helped in the house.”
→ Peggy told me that ___________________________________________________________.
22. Richard: "I am going to ride a skateboard.”
→ Richard said to me that _______________________________________________________.
23. Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows.”
→ Stephen and Claire told me that ________________________________________________.
24. Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework.”
→ Charles remarked that ________________________________________________________.
25. Mrs. Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old.”
→ Mrs. Jones told me that _______________________________________________________.
26. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter."
→ Jean said that ______________________________________________________________.